ETT Chapter 1-6 exam

For purposes of rescue breathing, a child is a person between:

1 and 12 to 14 years of age.

What are the appropriate ventilation duration and rate for an adult patient who is not breathing but who has a pulse?

1 second, 10 to 12 breaths/min

A child's airway should be suctioned for no longer than _____ seconds at a time.

10

A normal adult's resting respiratory rate typically ranges between:

12 and 20 breaths/min.

The appropriate ventilation rate for a nonbreathing 10-year-old child is:

12 to 20 breaths/min.

Which of the following is an appropriate ventilation rate for an infant or child?

15 breaths/min

The skin is a protective barrier against bacteria and viruses unless:

it is injured.

A self-inflating bag-mask device will deliver _____ oxygen without supplemental oxygen attached.

21%

The appropriate rescue breathing rate for a 6-month-old infant is one breath every:

3 to 5 seconds.

The spine contains _____ vertebrae.

33

In which of the following situations should you perform the jaw-thrust maneuver?

40-year-old unresponsive patient who fell from a ladder

At what age do the body's systems typically begin to decline?

41 years

When assessing for an unconscious patient's breathing, you should take at least ____ seconds but no more than ____ seconds.

5, 10

If an oxygen cylinder contains less than _____ psi, it should be replaced with a full cylinder.

500

Late adulthood is considered to begin at _____ years of age.

61

In a healthy patient, the oxygen saturation should be at least _____ when breathing room air.

95%

Which of the following statements regarding a base station is correct?

A base station is used by dispatchers to send and receive messages to and from all parts of the service area.

Which of the following statements regarding an EMR's attitude and conduct is NOT correct?

A stern tone of voice will ensure that you gain your patient's confidence.

Which of the following concepts is the first and MOST important when providing patient care?

Above all else, do no harm.

While ventilating a nonbreathing patient with a bag-mask device, you do not see the chest rise. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this?

Air is leaking around the mask.

Which of the following statements regarding the ribs is correct?

All 12 pairs of ribs are attached posteriorly to the spinal column.

Which of the following statements regarding adolescents is correct?

An adolescent will test the limits of authority.

You are dispatched to an elementary school for a 7-year-old boy who sustained a minor injury while on the playground. The child is conscious, alert, and does not appear to have any life-threatening injuries. What should you do?

Ask a teacher to contact the child's parents to obtain consent for you to begin treatment.

Which of the following statements regarding the brain's oxygen needs is correct?

Brain cells cannot be replaced once they have been destroyed.

Which of the following statements regarding infants and children is FALSE?

Cardiac arrest in infants and children is often the result of heart disease.

Which of the following prefixes is used when referring to the heart?

Cardio-

Which of the following statements regarding hearing-impaired patients is correct?

Do a complete assessment on every patient, whether he or she can hear you or not.

Which of the following statements regarding dental appliances is correct?

Do not remove dental appliances that are firmly attached in the patient's mouth.

A patient requires rapid transport to the hospital when:

EMS personnel are unable to give the patient adequate life-saving care in the field.

The scope of care under which the EMR functions is specified by the:

EMS system medical director.

Which of the following statements regarding fused joints is correct?

Fused joints do not permit movement between the bone ends.

Which of the following statements regarding the hepatitis B virus is correct?

Hepatitis B is far more contagious than HIV is.

Upon arriving at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are multiple patients. You should:

Immediately request additional resources using the mobile radio in your response vehicle.

Which of the following statements regarding online medical control is correct?

In most systems, EMRs are not required to contact medical control for the basic skills they are permitted to perform.

Which of the following statements regarding transport of a patient to the hospital is correct?

Patients may require immediate stabilization at the closest hospital and then transfer to another facility.

Which of the following occurs during alveolar ventilation?

Incoming oxygen passes from the alveoli into the blood, and outgoing carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli.

What role does insulin play in the body?

It aids in the body's use of glucose.

Which of the following statements regarding HIV is NOT correct?

Most people with HIV show symptoms early in their disease.

Your response unit and a police officer simultaneously arrive at the scene of a shooting. After the police officer ensures that the scene is safe, you enter the residence and find the patient, a 22-year-old man, with several gunshot wounds to the chest. He is positioned in between the sofa and a coffee table. What should you do?

Move the coffee table and provide immediate emergency medical treatment to the patient.

Which of the following statements regarding stress is correct?

Past experiences may make it difficult to deal with stress.

Which of the following statements regarding a patient's consent to treatment is correct?

Patients may refuse treatment at any time, even if treatment has begun.

Which of the following represents the MOST appropriate order for managing the airway of an unconscious, uninjured patient with adequate breathing?

Perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver, check the airway for secretions, insert an oral airway, and place the patient in the recovery position.

Which of the following techniques will MOST likely enable you to deliver adequate volume when ventilating a patient with a bag-mask device

Place the middle, ring, and little fingers of one hand under the angle of the jaw and lift up on the jaw.

Which of the following statements regarding documentation is NOT correct?

Proper documentation is an unreliable method for determining whether you functioned appropriately.

Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?

Pulse oximetry should not replace a thorough patient assessment.

You are asked to accompany a paramedic in the back of the ambulance to take care of a patient with suspected TB. The patient is coughing and is in severe respiratory distress. In addition to gloves, what protective measures should you take?

Put on a HEPA respirator and apply an oxygen mask to the patient.

Your assessment of a 9-year-old girl reveals that she is unresponsive. What should you do?

Quickly visualize her chest for obvious movement and then assess for a carotid pulse.

Which of the following is the MOST effective way to avoid allowing an angry patient or family member to interfere with your patient care duties?

Realize that the anger is not because of you.

You are dispatched to assist EMTs with an injured person. You are the first responder to arrive at the scene. As you are getting out of your vehicle, you hear someone screaming. What should you do?

Retreat to a safe distance until law enforcement personnel arrive.

What should you do if the chest of a stoma patient does not rise during your attempt to ventilate?

Seal the mouth and nose and reattempt to ventilate.

Which of the following statements regarding skeletal muscle is correct?

Skeletal muscles provide voluntary muscle movement.

Which of the following statements regarding capillaries is correct?

Some capillaries are so small that only one blood cell at a time can pass through them.

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct?

Stroke patients may be unable to get sufficient oxygen from room air.

You are the first responder to arrive at an emergency scene. What should you do first?

Survey the scene for potential safety hazards.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The chest is located on the anterior aspect of the body.

Which of the following statements regarding the nasal cannula is correct?

The flow rate should not exceed 6 L/min.

Which of the following statements regarding the nasal airway is correct?

The nasal airway does not allow suctioning of the nose.

Which of the following statements regarding the acceptance stage of the grieving process is correct?

The patient understands that the situation cannot be changed.

Which of the following statements about the skull is correct?

The skull forms a hollow sphere that contains and protects the brain.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The wrist is distal to the elbow.

Which of the following general statements regarding communication devices is MOST correct?

Throughout the different phases of an emergency medical service (EMS) call, communications systems are used for the same function.

Which of the following is NOT part of the standard precautions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?

Use leather gloves as a barrier against blood and fluids.

Which of the following statements regarding the oral airway is correct?

Use of an oral airway is contraindicated in patients who are conscious.

Which of the following statements regarding a child's airway is correct?

Very young infants can breathe only through their noses.

When arriving at a patient's residence, all of the following signs would indicate that the patient is visually impaired, EXCEPT:

a small dog penned up in the backyard.

While functioning at the scene of a patient in cardiac arrest, you do not initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) because the patient is elderly and you think that he is probably dead. Paramedics arrive and determine that the patient has only been in cardiac arrest for 6 minutes. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is correct?

You may be held liable for failure to follow the standard of care.

Proximate cause is MOST accurately defined as:

a correlation between the patient's injury or injuries and the EMS responder's negligence.

Once the pressure in an oxygen cylinder has been regulated to about 50 pounds per square inch (psi):

a flowmeter is then used to deliver the appropriate oxygen rate.

Problems that occur in the prehospital phase of the emergency medical services (EMS) operation are MOST often related to:

a lack of control and coordination of resources and personnel.

In most cases, treatment of a minor in an out-of-hospital setting must wait until:

a parent or legal guardian gives consent for treatment.

With which of the following hearing-impaired patients would it be the MOST difficult to communicate effectively?

a patient with temporary deafness caused by an explosion

EMS documentation is MOST accurately defined as:

a process for verifying your actions on a call using written or computer-based records.

A basic life support (BLS) ambulance is MOST accurately defined as:

a properly equipped vehicle that is staffed by EMT personnel.

The prefix hyper- means:

above or excessive.

The appropriate landmark for performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient with a severe airway obstruction is:

above the navel and below the xiphoid process.

You are working in your yard when you see your neighbor, a middle-aged woman, collapse in her front yard. You should:

activate EMS after assessing the patient's level of responsiveness.

What level of EMS provider is able to perform limited ALS skills?

advanced EMT (AEMT)

Following a call involving a high-profile individual, a police officer asks you for a copy of your patient care report. You should:

advise the officer that he or she must obtain a legal subpoena to receive a copy of your report.

If a mentally competent adult refuses medical care, it is important to:

advise the patient to call EMS if he or she changes his or her mind.

Tendons function by:

attaching muscles to the bones.

You are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle crash. The patient is conscious and is bleeding heavily from the head. He is still in the vehicle, which has power lines draped across the hood. You should:

advise the patient to remain still and immediately contact the power company.

Depression and a reduced ability to deal with stress would MOST likely be caused by:

alcohol.

To provide the best possible care for the patient:

all EMS personnel must function effectively as a team.

A CISD is used to:

alleviate the stress reactions caused by high-stress incidents.

While delivering your first rescue breath to an unconscious nonbreathing child, you see the chest visibly rise. You should next:

allow the lungs to deflate before delivering the next breath.

During your assessment of a young woman with a sudden onset of abdominal pain, you ask the patient when the pain began. She does not immediately respond to your question. You should:

allow the patient adequate time to answer your question.

Which of the following is NOT an upper airway structure?

alveoli

The MOST common abandonment scenario occurs when:

an EMS provider assesses a patient but fails to transport and later learns the patient died.

The highest concentration of oxygen can be delivered to a patient with a bag-mask device if:

an oxygen reservoir is attached.

Sick or injured patients may not always understand what you are doing or saying because they:

are often scared.

Adequate ventilation of an adult patient with a bag-mask device is BEST accomplished:

as a two-person operation, if additional rescuers are available.

An important aspect of caring for a sick or injured child is to:

ask a parent to hold the child if the illness or injury permits.

The FIRST step in caring for a conscious person who may have an obstructed airway is to:

ask the patient if he or she is choking.

You are caring for an 81-year-old woman as a responding EMS unit is en route to the scene. The woman is possibly having a heart attack and becomes frightened after you explain the situation to her. You should:

ask the patient if she understood what you told her.

A young woman's 11-month-old infant presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. The infant has an audible cry and normal skin color. Care for this infant includes:

asking the mother what happened just before the episode began.

You are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a sick infant. As you enter the residence, a frantic woman hands you her pale, limp 6-month-old son. You tap the infant's foot and determine that he is unresponsive. You should next:

assess for signs of adequate breathing and then check the brachial pulse.

A DNR order is a written request giving permission for medical personnel not to:

attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest.

Pulse oximetry is used to:

assess the amount of oxygen saturated in red blood cells.

Upon arriving at the scene of a multiple-patient incident, the EMR's primary responsibility is to:

assess the environment to detect possible threats to his or her safety.

You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle crash. The vehicle is a small passenger car that rolled several times and is now resting on its side. The patient, a middle-aged man, is still in the vehicle and will not respond when you ask if he is okay. You should:

assess the stability of the vehicle and notify the fire department.

When EMTs or paramedics arrive at the scene of an emergency, the EMR should:

assist the EMTs in continuing the care that he or she initiated.

When functioning at a crime scene, the EMR should:

avoid moving furniture unless it interferes with patient care.

The location of a lateral body part is:

away from the midline of the body.

Airway obstruction removal attempts in a conscious infant consist of:

back slaps and chest thrusts.

The shoulder is an example of a No:

ball-and-socket joint.

To see his grandson graduate from high school, a man with a terminal illness promises to keep all of his doctor's appointments and take all of his medications exactly as prescribed. This is an example of:

bargaining.

Documentation regarding patient care provided by the EMR should:

be clear, concise, accurate, and readable.

Federal regulations require that all vehicles transporting a certain quantity of hazardous materials:

be marked with a placard that identifies the material being transported.

For a patient to be legally able to make a decision regarding his or her own health care, he or she must:

be of legal age as defined by state law.

You arrive at the scene of an incident involving a motor vehicle and a pedestrian. Law enforcement officers are present, but the paramedic unit will not arrive for another 5 minutes. Your patient, who was struck by the vehicle, is a 16-year-old girl. She is unconscious and has severe bleeding from her head. You should:

begin immediate treatment and ask a law enforcement officer to attempt to contact the child's parents.

Which of the following is NOT a criterion used by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to evaluate an EMS system?

billing and collections

Which of the following sets of vital signs is typical for an otherwise healthy adult?

blood pressure, 110/60 mm Hg; pulse, 70 beats/min; respirations, 16 breaths/min

The central nervous system is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord.

The MOST sensitive cells in the human body are in the:

brain.

Thinking, breathing, heartbeat, and digestion are central functions of the:

brain.

The primary function of the digestive system is to:

break down food into a form that can be carried to the body's cells.

You are providing mouth-to-mask rescue breathing on a 17-year-old boy when you note that his abdomen appears to be distending. You should:

breathe slowly into the patient's mouth until the chest rises visibly.

Rescue breathing in the adult is adequate if:

breaths are delivered over 1 second and the chest rises.

The respiratory system functions by:

bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide.

The airway within the lungs branches into narrower and narrower passages called:

bronchioles.

The dome-shaped muscle between the chest and abdomen is called the:

diaphragm.

The alveoli in the lungs are surrounded by very small blood vessels called:

capillaries.

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely require high-flow (90% or higher) oxygen?

carbon monoxide poisoning

A specialized type of muscle that is found only in the heart is called:

cardiac muscle.

Which of the following interventions would the EMR MOST likely perform at the scene of a cardiac arrest?

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation

If you are unable to open an injured patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver, you should:

carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

A young man sustained a stab wound to the artery in the neck. To control the bleeding from this injury, you should apply pressure to the:

carotid artery.

The spinal cord is a group of nerves that:

carries messages to and from the brain.

In contrast to veins, arteries:

carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.

Caffeine is a drug that:

causes a release of adrenaline.

The sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.

After manually opening an unconscious patient's airway, you should:

check the mouth for secretions, foreign bodies, or dentures.

Each shoulder girdle consists of the:

clavicle, scapula, and humerus.

On the human body, proximal means:

close to the point where an arm or leg is attached.

As part of your ethical responsibilities, you are expected to:

conform to accepted professional standards of conduct.

When the body gets too cold, the blood vessels:

constrict to shunt warm blood to the body's core.

You and your partner are performing CPR on a 77-year-old man when his wife states that he has terminal cancer and does not want to be resuscitated. She further tells you that he has a living will; however, she is unable to locate it. You should:

continue CPR and contact medical control for guidance.

When performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient with a severe airway obstruction, you should:

continue the thrusts until the patient becomes unresponsive.

Air is inhaled into the lungs when the diaphragm:

contracts and moves downward in the chest.

Which of the following would MOST likely produce the greatest amount of stress for the EMR?

death

Emergency medical service (EMS) providers, law enforcement officers, and fire fighters are especially at risk for:

dehydration caused by excess fluid loss.

A combination of caffeine and alcohol would MOST likely cause:

dehydration.

Several hours following death, a patient develops red or purple colored areas on the parts of the body that are closest to the ground. This is called:

dependent lividity.

Which layer of the skin contains sensory nerves and sweat glands?

dermis

When communicating with a non-English-speaking patient, you should first:

determine how much English the patient can speak.

Upon arriving at the scene of an emergency call, a visual survey will enable you to:

determine the number of patients and estimate injury severity.

Enhanced 9-1-1 centers have the capability to:

determine the physical location of the caller via the computer.

The US Department of Transportation's responsibility is to:

develop the national education standards for the EMR.

White blood cells are responsible for:

devouring disease-causing organisms.

Air is drawn into the lungs through the trachea when the:

diaphragm contracts and the rib cage expands.

A distinct disadvantage of the one-rescuer bag-mask technique is:

difficulty in maintaining an adequate mask-to-face seal.

A fracture of a femur in a location farthest away from the hip is:

distal.

When determining the correct size oral airway, you should measure from the:

earlobe to the corner of the mouth.

A 40-year-old woman has an injury to the midshaft humerus following a motor vehicle crash. What major joint is immediately distal to her injury?

elbow

In which of the following situations would the use of a gown or apron, face shield, and gloves clearly be indicated?

emergency childbirth

At a minimum, the emergency medical responder's (EMR's) life support kit should contain a ventilation device that:

enables you to deliver rescue breaths without mouth-to-mouth contact.

While eating in a restaurant, you see a man sitting at a nearby table suddenly stand up and begin coughing forcefully. His wife franticly screams, "He's choking!" and begs for someone to help. You should:

encourage the man to keep coughing and ask an employee to call 9-1-1.

After adjusting the oxygen flow rate on the nonrebreathing mask to the desired setting, you should next:

ensure that the reservoir bag is completely full.

As an EMR, your MOST important consideration is:

ensuring your own safety.

When a person swallows food or liquid, it does not enter the trachea because the:

epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing.

The structure that prevents food or liquid from entering the larynx is called the:

epiglottis.

Factors that increase a person's vital signs include:

excess body weight.

A patient who verbally or nonverbally lets you know that he or she is willing to accept treatment is giving you___________ consent.

expressed

Functions of the skeletal system include all of the following, EXCEPT:

facilitating strength and agility.

The _________ artery produces a pulse at the groin.

femoral

The H1N1 strain of influenza (swine flu) has caused concern because:

few people have immunity to this strain of virus.

The MOST effective way to prevent exposure to infectious diseases is to:

follow standard precautions on all calls.

Generally speaking, the MOST common foreign object that causes an airway obstruction is:

food or candy.

Ways in which the emergency medical responder (EMR) can prevent and reduce unnecessary stress include all of the following, EXCEPT:

frequent exposure to stress-causing situations to train the mind.

The term "anterior" refers to the:

front.

Your mental and physical health may suffer, resulting in a decreased ability to deal with stress, if you:

get less than 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep per night.

Patients who pose the highest risk of transmitting TB almost invariably:

have a cough.

Most cases of MRSA occur in:

healthcare settings.

The MOST common cause of death in public safety workers is:

heart and blood vessel disease.

You are at the scene of a shooting. The patient, who is being cared for by paramedics, is unconscious and has severe uncontrollable bleeding from his injury. As an EMR, your MOST important function is to:

help the paramedics prepare for rapid transport.

When referring to the blood, the prefix _______ is used.

hema-

The bone of the upper arm is called the _________, and the bones of the forearm are called the _________ and _________.

humerus, radius, ulna

A patient with ___________ may appear to be in respiratory arrest, even though he or she is breathing.

hypothermia

If an adult with an airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, you should lay him or her on the ground and:

immediately begin chest compressions.

While you treat an elderly patient, he tells you that he bleeds easily. Which of the following would MOST likely cause this?

inadequate platelet count

You can reduce stress MOST effectively during recreational activities by:

including friends who are not coworkers.

What effects does caffeine have on the body?

increased blood pressure and increased stress

The MOST immediate threat associated with gastric distention is:

increased risk of vomiting.

Maintenance of required certifications or registrations is the responsibility of the:

individual provider.

If you are presented with an advance directive that does not appear to be valid, you should:

initiate the care that is appropriate for the patient's condition.

When ventilating an unconscious nonbreathing adult with a bag-mask device, you should:

insert an oral or nasal airway.

When inserting a nasal airway, you should:

insert the airway into the larger nostril first.

Common signs or symptoms of stress include:

insomnia or nightmares.

Skills commonly performed by the EMR include all of the following, EXCEPT:

intravenous therapy.

If a patient refuses emergency medical care but is not thinking rationally and appears to be a threat to self or others, the EMR's BEST course of action is to:

involve law enforcement.

Between the ages of 1 and 3 years, a child:

is at high risk for falls because of poor coordination and balance.

Your partner, who holds a second job with a private ambulance service, is very irritable with you and the patient during a call. When you ask him to take the patient's blood pressure, he fumbles with the equipment and appears very distracted. You should be MOST suspicious that your partner:

is experiencing sleep deprivation.

You are the first responder to arrive at the scene of a one-vehicle car crash. A paramedic crew is approximately 10 minutes away. The patient is outside of her car, sitting on the curb. As you approach her, she begins telling you what happened and asks you to take her blood pressure. This patient:

is giving you actual consent to treat her and you should do so promptly.

A citizen who encounters a motor vehicle crash:

is not required by law to stop.

When using a nonrebreathing mask, you should adjust the liter flow to:

keep the bag partially inflated when the patient inhales.

When opening the airway of a patient who has a stoma, you should:

keep the patient's neck straight.

The removal of waste products from the body begins in the:

kidneys.

"Adam's apple" and "voicebox" are other terms used to describe the:

larynx.

In relation to the nose, the eyes are:

lateral.

An advance directive is MOST accurately defined as a no:

legal document that indicates the care to be provided if the patient is incapacitated.

Fibrous bands that connect bones to each other are called:

ligaments.

Bile is produced by the __________ and is stored in the ___________.

liver, gallbladder

After delivering a trauma patient to the hospital, you later learn that the patient had an injury to his lower back. Which spinal vertebrae were MOST likely injured?

lumbar

When communicating with a conscious, sick, or injured patient, it is important to:

maintain eye contact whenever possible.

The main purpose of the oral airway is to:

maintain the airway after it has been opened manually.

When you encounter a patient with a significant illness, it is important to remember that he or she:

may be experiencing any stage of grief.

When addressing a patient, using terms such as "Dear":

may demean and irritate the patient.

Which of the following infectious diseases would be the LEAST likely to be spread by the airborne droplet route?

methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Common causes of respiratory arrest include all of the following, EXCEPT:

mild dehydration.

A ___________ transmits data messages through a radio system and reduces the amount of time the radio frequency is tied up to send or receive a message.

mobile data terminal

A crucial piece of equipment that the EMR should have available includes a:

mouth-to-mask resuscitation device.

The oropharynx is also known as the:

mouth.

The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber of the heart because it:

must pump blood throughout the entire body.

Air normally enters the body through the:

nasopharynx and oropharynx.

A patient with neurologic trauma has injury to some part of the:

nervous system.

The BEST way to avoid being accused of abandonment is to:

never leave a patient alone after you have begun care.

When dispatched to an emergency call, you should:

not respond until you are sure of the location.

Fire fighters and law enforcement personnel are likely to be the EMRs in most emergencies because:

of their location or speed in responding to the call.

A chronically ill patient who is experiencing denial:

often cannot believe what is happening to him or her.

Which of the following represents the LEAST healthy and well-balanced diet?

one cup of fruit,3 ounces of salt, and 1 cup of fat-free milk

All of the following are examples of illness or injury programs, EXCEPT:

one-rescuer CPR.

Communication with a physician via two-way radio or wireless telephone is an example of

online medical control.

The purpose of the jaw-thrust maneuver is to:

open a patient's airway without manipulating the neck.

A 40-year-old woman struck a tree with her car at a high rate of speed. You arrive at the scene, ensure that it is safe, and gain access to the patient. The woman is lying motionless across the front seat of her vehicle. You should:

open her airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

An egg matures in the __________ and travels to the ___________ via the __________.

ovary, uterus, fallopian tube

When administering supplemental oxygen to a patient, it is important to remember that:

oxygen actively supports combustion.

Suctioning of an adult patient's mouth is limited to 15 seconds at a time because:

oxygen is being removed from the patient as well as secretions.

A person could survive for several days to weeks without all of the following, EXCEPT:

oxygen. Nasal airways can be used:^in both conscious and unconscious patients.

Insulin is produced by the:

pancreas.

A snoring sound heard when an unconscious patient is breathing is MOST often the result of:

partial blockage of the airway by the tongue.

Which of the following pieces of information is the LEAST critical to relay to the responding EMS unit about your patient?

past medical history

The disease-causing agents that are spread through contact with blood or other secretions are called:

pathogens.

The section of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 that MOST directly affects EMS relates to:

patient privacy.

Which of the following components is NOT required to prove negligence?

patient refusal of care

The proper oxygen flow rate is determined by the:

patient's condition and type of oxygen delivery device used.

The pulse oximeter may not provide an accurate reading if the:

patient's fingers or earlobes are cold.

Chest thrusts should be performed on:

patients who are in the later stages of pregnancy.

Guidelines for effective radio communication include all of the following, EXCEPT:

pausing every 60 seconds and saying, "Do you copy?"

The organ that delivers sperm to fertilize the female egg is called the:

penis.

If you are by yourself and a child with an airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, you should:

perform five cycles of CPR and then activate EMS.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes negligence?

performance of care that does not meet the accepted standards

The nerve fibers outside the brain and spinal cord make up the:

peripheral nervous system.

A patient is trapped in his car following a collision. After the paramedic starts an intravenous (IV) line on the patient, the paramedic hands you the needle. You should:

place the needle directly in a puncture-proof container.

During your assessment of a semiconscious uninjured 19-year-old man, you note that his airway is open and his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth.You should:

place the patient in the recovery position and closely monitor his breathing rate and depth.

The xiphoid process is the:

pointed structure at the bottom of the sternum.

When transmitting information from the patient's side to the responding ambulance, the emergency medical responder (EMR) would MOST likely use a:

portable radio.

Information regarding the stresses that you will encounter and the reactions you may experience would MOST likely be provided to you during:

preincident stress education.

The purpose of the recovery position is to:

prevent secretions from entering the trachea.

You are a volunteer EMR and have placed your name on the schedule to respond for a 12-hour shift. With 10 minutes left in your shift, you are dispatched for a patient with a possible fractured leg. You should:

proceed to the scene at once.

All of the following are functions of the skin, EXCEPT:

producing sweat when body temperature falls.

The purpose of the Good Samaritan law is to:

protect citizens from liability when rendering care in good faith.

When parking your vehicle at an emergency scene, you should:

protect the emergency scene from traffic hazards.

You have given responding paramedics a hand-off report regarding your patient, who has signs and symptoms of an infectious disease. When documenting the incident, you should:

provide a detailed account of your assessment findings, treatment given, and pertinent medical history.

Second only to your own safety, your priority at a crime scene is to:

provide care to the patient.

The main purpose of the respiratory system is to:

provide oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the red blood cells.

A 37-year-old man tripped on a throw rug and fell to the ground, injuring his shoulder. The man is blind and has a service dog. As you are assessing the patient, he keeps inquiring about his dog. You should:

provide psychological support and recognize that the dog and the patient depend on each other.

Fire units are often a crucial part of the EMS system because they:

provide specialized rescue such as patient extrication.

You are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a shooting. Law enforcement personnel have secured the scene. The patient, who is critically injured and requires immediate care, is found in his living room. A paramedic unit is en route to the scene. You should:

provide the appropriate care while disturbing the scene as little as possible.

When emergency medical technicians (EMTs) or paramedics arrive at an emergency scene, the EMR should:

provide them with a hand-off report and assist as needed.

All of the following are signs of obvious death, EXCEPT:

pulselessness.

The function of the right ventricle is to:

pump blood to the lungs.

The circulatory system is responsible for:

pumping blood through the body.

A pager is MOST accurately defined as a:

radio receiver that is silent unless activated by a dispatcher.

An important step in managing your own stress is the ability to:

recognize its signs and symptoms.

The oxygen-carrying component of the blood is/are:

red blood cells.

While at the scene of a motor vehicle crash on a hot afternoon, you begin experiencing lightheadedness and feel like you are going to faint. There are ample personnel to take care of the patients. You should:

rehabilitate yourself by drinking water or a sports drink.

The purpose of a communications system is to:

relay information from one location to another when it is impossible to communicate face to face.

Accompanied by a concerned neighbor, you enter the residence of an unconscious elderly woman and encounter several small dogs. As you approach the patient, one of the dogs begins to growl at you. You should:

remain calm and ask the neighbor to secure the dogs in another room.

You are assessing a young woman with abdominal pain while awaiting an incoming paramedic crew. The patient is conscious, alert, and in stable condition. The dispatcher advises you that there is another call involving a patient in cardiac arrest. You should:

remain with the patient and advise the dispatcher to send another EMR unit to the cardiac arrest call.

While managing the airway of a semiconscious 50-year-old woman, you attempt to insert a nasal airway but meet resistance. You should:

remove the airway and try to insert it in the other nostril.

You are having difficulty providing rescue breaths to a nonbreathing elderly woman. You look in her mouth and note that she has loosely fitting dentures. You should:

remove the dentures and continue providing rescue breaths.

A device that receives a weak radio signal, amplifies that signal, and then rebroadcasts it is called aNo:

repeater.

A paramedic unit requests that you respond to a call involving an injury to an elderly woman. Upon your arrival, you assess the patient and have reason to believe that she has been abused. A relative of the patient is present at the scene. You should:

report your suspicions to the paramedics and document carefully.

Which organs are protected by the pelvis?

reproductive organs

A 33-year-old woman has a possible broken left ankle. She is in significant pain but is conscious and otherwise stable. This patient:

requires transport but without lights and siren.

Common functions of the EMS medical director include all of the following, EXCEPT:

responding to the scene of an emergency.

You arrive at the scene of a patient who, according to neighbors, is acting strange. Law enforcement personnel and a responding ambulance are en route but have not yet arrived. The patient, a middle-aged man, is sitting in a chair on his front porch. He appears sick and has slurred speech. As you get out of your response vehicle, the man shouts, "I have a gun and will shoot anyone who comes near me!" You should:

retreat to a safe place and wait for law enforcement personnel to secure the scene.

After blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, it:

returns to the left side of the heart.

A 70-year-old woman was found unconscious in her bed. She has a pulse, but is gurgling when she breathes. You should:

roll the patient onto her side, carefully sweep out her mouth with your finger, and reassess her breathing.

When inserting an oral airway in an adult, you should:

rotate the airway 180° until the flange rests on the patient's teeth.

If you are experiencing stress away from your job, you should:

seek assistance from a mental health professional.

When nerves send signals to the brain about what is happening to the body, the brain:

sends signals to the body in response to the sensory signals it received.

Difficulty sleeping may be a difficult sign of stress to recognize in emergency responders because:

shift work or rotating hours make normal sleep patterns hard to maintain.

A person who has had an obstruction from his or her airway removed by the Heimlich maneuver:

should be transported to the hospital for evaluation.

The major bones of the head include the:

skull and lower jawbone.

Which type of muscle carries out many of the body's automatic functions?

smooth muscle

All of the following are appropriate when communicating with a hearing-impaired patient, EXCEPT:

speaking loudly, directly in the patient's ear.

Events that the EMR would likely be required to report to a state or federal agency include all of the following, EXCEPT:

sports-related injuries.

A car screeches up to your station shortly before you hear a frantic knock at the door. When you answer the door, a young woman tells you that her father is choking. The patient, a 60-year-old man, is clutching his throat. You ask him if he is choking, but he does not respond to your question. You should:

stand behind the man and deliver abdominal thrusts.

Which of the following is NOT considered an advance directive?

standard of care

A patient is in the anatomic position when he or she is:

standing facing you with arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing outward.

The lungs are protected by the _________ at the front and by the _________ at the sides and back.

sternum, rib cage

A nonrebreathing mask works by:

storing oxygen in the reservoir bag, which the patient inhales during each breath.

You are assessing a conscious 5-year-old child who experienced a sudden inability to speak or cough while playing with a small toy. The child appears sleepy and has pale skin. You should:

suspect a severe airway obstruction.

Initial attempts to clear a patient's airway of foreign material should be performed by:

sweeping the mouth with your finger.

During a multiple-casualty incident, you and your partner are caring for patients until emergency medical technician (EMT) and paramedic units arrive. There are three patients, all of whom have bleeding from various wounds. After taking care of the first patient, you should:

take off your gloves and apply another pair before caring for another patient.

Which of the following is NOT a consideration when responding to an emergency scene?

taking the shortest route

Components of the quality improvement process, as identified by the Institute of Medicine, include all of the following, EXCEPT:

teamwork.

Advanced life support (ALS) providers often use ___________ to transmit electrocardiograms and other patient data to online medical control.

telemetry

You have just pulled your neighbor's 3-year-old daughter from a swimming pool. The child's father does not know how long she was submerged in the water. Your assessment reveals that the child is unresponsive, is not breathing, and has a weak pulse. You should:

tell the father to activate the EMS system as you initiate rescue breathing.

Which of the following is NOT a female reproductive organ?

testes

Which of the following immunizations and tests are recommended for EMS providers?

tetanus prophylaxis, hepatitis B vaccine, and TB skin testing.

The rate of a person's breathing increases when:

the body generates additional carbon dioxide.

Expiration occurs when:

the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward in the chest.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes an emergency medical responder (EMR)?

the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene

The 11th and 12th ribs are:

the floating ribs and are attached to the spine.

The presence of rigor mortis indicates that:

the patient is dead and cannot be resuscitated.

In most states, personal information regarding a patient cannot be released to someone not directly involved in that patient's care, unless:

the patient signs a release and understands the nature of the release.

During an EMS call, documentation should include all of the following, EXCEPT:

the patient's social security number.

Good communication means that:

the person being spoken to understands exactly what he or she is told.

There is no scientific documentation that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isn transmitted via urine, nasal secretions, or sputum, unless:

the secretions contain visible signs of blood.

The EMS system can be considered a component of public health because:

the services it provides are available to all people in a community.

A mild airway obstruction is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT:

unconsciousness.

Patients who have experienced carbon monoxide poisoning may have false pulse oximetry readings because:

their red blood cells are not saturated with oxygen.

The leg consists of the:

tibia and fibula.

The MOST important reason for notifying the dispatcher after you have turned over care of a patient to other EMS providers is:

to let the dispatcher know how long it will take before you are available for another call.

During your assessment of a 21-year-old man who fell from a roof, you note the presence of bruising on the medial aspect of the anterior trunk. What part of the body is this describing?

toward the midline on the front part of the torso

A cardiac arrest patient's MOST crucial contact with the EMS system occurs when:

trained EMRs arrive at the patient's side.

In which of the following phases of an EMS call is the EMR typically NOT involved?

transport to the hospital

Roles and responsibilities of the EMR include all of the following, EXCEPT:

transporting the patient to the hospital.

The EMR must possess the ability to:

treat patients using limited equipment.

When treating any critically ill or injured patient, it is important to:

treat the patient the same way you would want your family member treated.

To comply with the standard of care, the EMR must:

treat the patient to the best of his or her ability and provide care that a reasonable, prudent person with similar training would provide under similar circumstances.

When documenting the events of an emergency call, the EMR should include the:

treatment provided before EMS arrival.

Which bone is located on the medial aspect of the forearm?

ulna

You have arrived at the scene of a patient with respiratory distress. A responding ambulance is approximately 10 minutes away. After performing a primary assessment and correcting any life-threatening conditions, you should:

update the responding EMS unit on the patient's present condition.

Urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder via the:

ureters.

When communicating with older people who have a visual or hearing impairment, it is important to:

use the same communication skills you would for any other patient with similar conditions.

Thin-walled vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called:

veins.

In contrast to the prefix arterio-, the prefix vaso- means:

vessel.

Which of the following is NOT a normal part of the grieving process?

violence

If you have any doubts about the safety of a scene, you should:

wait at a safe distance and request law enforcement.

During an incident that may involve electrical hazards, you should:

wear a helmet with a chin strap and a face shield.

A pulse is felt:

when a wave of pressure is created by the heart as it forces blood into the arteries.

An emergency medical responder (EMR) has a legal duty to act:

while employed by an agency as an EMR.

You should NOT insert a nasal airway in a patient:

with a possible head injury.

CISDs are usually conducted:

within 24 to 72 hours following a major incident.

The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen occurs:

without conscious effort on your part.

Which of the following is an example of an internal distraction that may hinder an EMR's communication with a patient?

worrying about personal finances while at the scene of a car crash

The principle of implied consent assumes that an unconscious patient:

would wish to receive treatment.

You are attempting to communicate with a deaf patient; however, because of the patient's hearing impairment, you are having difficulty obtaining the information you need and you do not know sign language. The patient lives alone and has no family. You should:

write your questions on a piece of paper.

You are obtaining the vital signs of a 50-year-old man who is complaining of severe chest pain when he asks you if he is going to die. You should tell him that:

you don't know, but you are providing the best care that you can.

If a patient speaks to you when you ask if he or she can hear you:

you may assume that the airway is patent.

In general, you should never change or alter a patient care report, unless:

you need to correct an error to ensure that the information is accurate.