Euro Ch. 20 Test

The men elected to represent the Third Estate at the Estates General were primarily

Lawyers and government officials

Why did the conflict between the French monarchy and the Parlement reemerge after the Seven Years' War?

The monarchy sought to retain emergency taxes after the war ended.

Why did the French commisioners in Saint-Domingue abolish slavery?

They wanted to rally the rebel slaves to the French cause against the Spanish and English

The legal definition of the composition of the pre-Revolutionary Third Estate included

Everyone who was not a noble or a member of the clergy

Which of the following best describes the political system of Napoleon?

He frequently violated civil liberties through censorship, spies, and arbitrary arrests

As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reaction to womens' political activity?

The banned all women's political activity fearing them a distraction to women's proper domestic role

What was the political effect of the attack on the Bastille?

The king's plan to reassert his authority was stalled, permitting the Assembly to continue its work.

How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France?

The Church was allowed to practice religion freely, with the state controlling Church officials

The life-and-death political struggle between the Girondists and the Mountain resulted mainly from

The Girondists' more moderate policies

Abbe Sieyes's answer to the question, "What is the Third Estate?" was that it was

The true strength of the French nation

Why did members of the Convention turn against Robespierre on 9 Thermidor?

They believed Robespierre might soon have them arrested and executed

In the wake of the Great Fear, how did the National Assembly restore order?

They abolished all of the old noble and church privileges.

According to the text, in the summer of 1789 the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by

Revolutionary actions of French peasants and the common people of Paris

Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?

Several thousand Parisian women

Why was France unable to manage its debt, even though that debt was much smaller, relative to its population, than the debt of either Great Britain or Holland?

France lacked a central bank, a paper currency, or a system of national credit.

How did Louis XV damage the sense of his sacred authority?

He allowed his common-born mistress to exert tremendous cultural and political influence.

According to the text, the string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-1794 were largely due to

Patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft

On what basis have revisionist historians rejected the traditional interpretation that the French Revolution has its origins in growing tensions between the nobility and the bourgeoisie?

The Revolution clearly emerged from below as the peasants and urban poor fought long-term abuses.

All of the following statements regarding Napoleon's background is true EXCEPT

He gained training as a lawyer before joining the military

What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System?

The French middle class suffered as they were economically harmed by the French blockade of Britain

According to Olympe de Gouges,

Men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law

During the Hundred days...

Napoleon returned from exile to briefly rule France.

The National Assembly instituted all of the following reforms EXCEPT

Recognizing women as holding full civil rights

How did the French armies offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?

They presented themselves as liberators to the peasants and middle class, but plundered the land.

What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?

To use dictatorial powers to respond to threat to the French from without and within.

According to the text, the Directory continued French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments

Because big victorious armies kept men employed and could draw sustenance from conquered areas.

How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the Revolution change over its first two years?

Initial pleased with a weakened France, they came to feel threatened by its radical message.

Why did Great Britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s?

The Crown expected the colonies to help pay the costs of the Seven Years' War.

The National Assembly that ruled France form 1789 to 1792 passed laws

Broadening women's rights to seek divorce and inherit property.

All of the following were true of the Fench clergy on the eve of the French Revolutions except

They were under the complete control of the papacy.

How did the delagates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delgates to the Estates General/National Assembly?

They were younger and less cautious; many of them joined political clubs.

What act, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture, dd Napoleon consider seditious?

L'Ouverture's support of the abolition of slavery in Saint Domingue and a lifetime governorship

By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?

The central government used a planned economy, terror, and nationalism to create a total war effort

What two fundamental principles of the Revolution were codified into the Napoleonic Code?

The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and property

In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on

Interest payments on the debt