Euro melty oral quiz ch20

Why did the French commissioners in Saint-Domingue abolish slavery?

They were desperate to rally the rebel slaves to the French cause against the Spanish and English forces on the island. Explanation: later extended to all French territories, they intended to gain the freed slaves support in the war and wanted them to fight for them.

In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on

interest payments on the debt Explanation: France was in a lot of debt from the 7 Years' War and from helping out America's revolution. Their lack of a central bank, currency, and credit throughout the country in general continued to exacerbate their bad economy.

According to the text, the string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-1794 were largely due to

patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft. Explanation: People supported the revolution because they were French and fought to help other French people

In the wake of the Great Fear, how did the National Assembly restore order?

They abolished all of the old noble and church privileges. Explanation: The peasants had been revolting against their lords (didn't pay taxes, seized old lands and communally owned it, etc.) so this is how the assembly acknowledged this.

Which of the following incorrectly identifies Napoleon's background?

He gained training as a lawyer before joining the military. Explanation: Napoleon was born to an impoverished noble family where he fought for the independence. He then abandoned troops in Egypt to not let out his reputation get to be known.

As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reaction to women's political activity?

They banned all women's political activity, which they believed to be disorderly and a distraction from women's proper domestic duties. Explanation: The early feminist movement of the time had been picking up speed and the Jacobin guys decided that men should have = rights but women didn't deserve them. They continued to think that the woman's "proper" place was in the house and that she didn't need to vote or debate.

During the Hundred Days

Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly. Explanation: Napoleon staged an escape from exile in Elba and issued small appeals for support and marching into Paris. Gained support causing Louis XVIII to fleed. - short lived because the allies were united against him

Why was France unable to manage its debt, even though that debt was much smaller, relative to its population, than the debt of either Great Britain or Holland?

France lacked a central bank, a paper currency, and a means of creating credit to effectively borrow money. Explanation: France sucked at budgeting and the French people did not help. People were angry and kept rejecting the taxes.

What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System?

French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by the blockade of Great Britain. Explanation: Napoleon expected it to hurt Great Britain, but under the Continental System, the blockade of Great Britain was really bad for French artisans and the middle class.

By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?

The central government harnessed the explosive forces of a planned economy, revolutionary terror, and modern nationalism into a total war effort. Explanation: Gov set maximum allowed prices for certain prices (successful with bread) and introduced rationing during war times Reign of terror encouraged all around patriotism in general Gov sponsored patriotic songs, festivals, holidays

How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France?

The Catholic Church gained the right to practice religion freely, while the French state gained greater control over the nomination of church officers and church activities. Explanation: After the Protestant reformation, France had not been very stable in its support of Catholics. This deal between the Pope Pius VII and Napoleon granted religious freedom to catholics while giving Napoleon yet more power in France.

Which of the following best describes the political system of Napoleon?

Napoleon frequently violated civil liberties by censoring newspapers, creating a spy system, and arbitrarily arresting people suspected of subversive activities. Explanation: Harsh military, Order and unity was only achievable with authoritarian rule so freedom of speech and press were frequently violated along with privacy in order to destroy the opposition.

Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?

Several thousand Parisian women Explanation: The women marched to Versailles. This was because women could no longer look to the church and demanded action. They seeked to kill Marie Antoinette.

Why did members of the Convention turn against Robespierre on 9 Thermidor?

They believed that Robespierre might soon have them arrested and executed. Explanation: Robespierre had been arresting and executing everyone during the Reign of Terror, so these guys were afraid that they were gonna be executed too. They executed Robespierre before he could do that.

What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?

To use dictatorial powers to respond to threats to the French from without and within Explanation: This happened before the Reign of Terror, but it was still led by Robespierre, who was against any type of expression of opinion against the revolution.

According to the text, in the summer of 1789 the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by

revolutionary actions of French peasants and the common people of Paris. Explanation: The revolution became more radical because the people kept demanding radical changes with their riots and storming of palaces

The life-and-death political struggle between the Girondists and the Mountain resulted mainly from

the Girondists' more moderate policies. Explanation: The Girondists were a part of the moderate group of the National Assembly and the Mountain was their radical counterpart. Mountain eventually gained control.

abbé Sieyès's answer to the question, "What is the Third Estate?"

the true strength of the French nation. Explanation: Sieyes stated that the estates should work together and also said "confidence from below, authority from above."

All of the following were true of the French clergy on the eve of the French Revolution except

they were under the complete control of the papacy. Explanation: The clergy wouldn't even be in complete control of the papacy though because the Concordat hadn't happened yet and the Pope was still kinda not 100% on France's side yet.

According to the text, the Directory continued French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments

because big, victorious armies kept men employed and could draw sustenance from the conquered areas. Explanation: Since so many men were at war, more jobs were available at home. In addition to this, the money gained from plundering these areas was an additional profit to France.

The legal definition of the composition of the pre-Revolutionary Third Estate included

everyone who was not a noble or a member of the clergy. Explanation: The 3rd estate was 98% of the population and only held one vote.

The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that

broadened women's rights to seek divorce and inherit property. Explanation: This was one of the first movements towards equality between men and women in Europe- later reversed by the Jacobins.

The men elected to represent the Third Estate at the Estates General were primarily

lawyers and government officials. Explanation: These were the highest socially ranked men in the third estate, so they were chosen to represent the third estate. (They picked their smartest and highest powered people)

According to Olympe de Gouges,

men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law. Explanation: Olympe de Gouges said that women should be equal to men for everything that corresponds with the law. Whatever men are able to do, women should have the opportunity too.

The National Assembly instituted all of the following reforms except

recognizing women as holding full civil rights. Explanation: however, women tried to support their rights through the writing of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.

Why did Great Britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s

Great Britain expected the American colonies to help pay for the expenses incurred during the Seven Years' War, which protected the colonies from the French. Explanation: This lead to the tea party and angry colonists, eventually leading to the American revolution, which influenced the French revolution. They had little contribution from colonies.

What act, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture, did Napoleon consider seditious?

L'Ouverture had the colonial assembly in Saint-Domingue draft a constitution that reaffirmed the abolition of slavery and made L'Ouverture governorship for life. Explanation: Napoleon got pissed at L'Ouverture because he wrote a whole new constitution separate from France's without even asking. Since saint Dominigue was still French, Napoleon took this as a threat.

How did the French armies offer a mixed message to the people whom they conquered?

The armies presented themselves as liberators to the peasants and middle class, but also lived off of the land, requisitioning food and supplies and plundering local treasure. Explanation: This kind of speaks for itself... The soldiers showed up and were like "We're here to free you!!! Now give us your land and money" and it was like a deceptive conquer

What two fundamental principles of the Revolution were codified into the Napoleonic Code?

The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property. Explanation: Napoleon got a lot of support because people believed that they were getting what they fought against Louis 16th for

How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General/National Assembly?

They were younger and less cautious; many of them joined political clubs Explanation: The French revolution became more and more radical in ideas as time went on, and this representation of ideas was a good way of showing this change. (Less cautious, more radical)

. On what basis have revisionist historians rejected the traditional interpretation that the French Revolution has its origins in growing tensions between the nobility and the bourgeoisie?

Both the nobility and the bourgeoisie were riddled with internal rivalries that precluded identifying these two groups as unified blocs opposing each other. Explanation: The bourgeoisie were trapped in the 3rd estate since they were not born into the nobility, even through their increase in wealth. This was a problem because the 3rd estate was higher taxed and had very little political power

How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the Revolution change over the Revolution's first two years?

Initially pleased by the Revolution's weakening of France, they came to feel threatened by its increasingly radical message. Explanation: At first, the rulers of other European countries thought that the revolution would fail and it would result in greater power. Then, when the revolutionaries were beginning to succeed in their goals, it threatened to send a message to the people that rebellions against monarchies could be successful.

How did Louis XV damage the sense of his sacred authority?

Louis allowed his common-born mistresses to exercise tremendous influence culturally and politically, which led to scandalous depictions of the king and the court in pamphlets. Explanation: Madame de Pompadour (his mistress) was one of the bourgeoisie, not a noble She even convinced him (after they stopped seeing each other) to ally with Austria, and this contributed to the 7 Years' War that was to follow

What was the political effect of the attack on the Bastille?

The king's plan to reassert his authority was forestalled, permitting the National Assembly to continue its work. Explanation: Louis announced the reinstatement of his liberal finance minister and the withdrawal of his troops in Paris -> National Assembly now able to continue without intervention

Why did the conflict between the monarchy and the Parlement reemerge after the Seven Years' War?

The monarchy sought to retain emergency taxes after the war ended Explanation: The people were angered and rejected these taxes, keeping France in debt.