Evergreen Shrubs

Cupressaceae

-Gymnosperms -Trees and shrubs -Resinous and Aromatic -Leaves scale-like, linear or awl shaped -Seed cones globose, ovoid, or oblong

Microbiota decussata; Russian arborvitae

Ground cover, low mounding, less than 2' ----but can become taller in native habitat ----over a long period of time Native to Russia Drought tolerant, light shade tolerant plant Cold tolerant plant Hardiness zone; 3 Turns purple-red color in winter Triangle, flatted, compressed needles, soft ----texture Very small female cones, tiny brown cones

Rhododendron yakushimanum; Yak Rhododendron

Rounded, dense habit Foliage, petioles, and stems have a white ---pubescence, underside of leaves are white ---early in the season and becomes tan Hardiness zone: 5 Flowers in Early June into July Prefers low pH, moist soil, not drought ---tolerant, not salt or compaction tolerance Not good in extreme or urban stresses

Kalmia angustifolia; Sheep laurel

Rounded, dense habit, medium height but can be ratty and open Native to Maine Considered a weed in blueberry fields and ----forestry plantations Prefers low pH soil Potential drought tolerance in established ----plants Produces rounded capsules Rhizomatous plant Cold tolerant species Hardiness zone: 4,3 Opposite leaf arrangement Produces small rounded, pink flowers but flower color is variable, white-pink-red Flowers from June into July

Leucothoe fontanesiana; Drooping Leucothoe

Rounded, dense habit, mounded, small, habit Less than 6' tall, usually wider than tall Spring flowering plant Branches and stems are arching Not native to Maine but native to Eastern U.S. Prefers moist, low pH soil with good OM Not drought or salt tolerant, not urban plant Susceptible to foliage diseases New growth in spring can be bronze-purple ----Onset of cold weather can make foliage ----purple again but is not consistant Produces white spikes for flowers that ----become dry capsules Hardiness zone: 5,4 Tolerant of sun, when not stressed Cultivars: 'Girard's rainbow'- Open habit, uniform, ----produces purple-red-pink foliage in new ----growth and fall color

Rhododendron catawbiense; Catawba Rhododendron

Rounded, dense habit, typically 9' tall Native to southern U.S. in mountain areas Hardiness zone: 5 Produces light purple-pink flowers, the flower ---is a rounded raceme of many small flowers Ob-long leaf with pointed apex Flower scales are compressed to the bud Prefers low pH, moist soil, not drought ---tolerant, not salt or compaction tolerance Not good in extreme or urban stresses Flowers in mid may - early june Petals are overlapping Produces a dry capsule that opens up like a ----crown Cultivars: 'Calsap'- White flowers with dark red purple blotch in large truss, vigorous upright plant 'English Roseum'- light pink rose flowers on dense upright plant, good foliage 'Nova Zembla'- Red flowers (purple red), one of the more cold tolerant cvs. very popular

Kalmia latifolia; Mountain Laurel

Rounded, open habit Native to Maine Hardiness zone: 5 Produces huge inflorescences, that are pink ----red-white color, dense flowering Flowers in Late May- Early June Produces rusty-orange dry capsules Flower buds are at the terminal of the plant, ----look like asparagus tips Bark is brown-rusty color, fissured bark but ----not very noticeable Shade tolerant but less dense in the shade Cultivars: 'Bridesmaid'- Hardiness zone: 4 'Pinwheel' - Hardiness zone: 4 'Sarah'- Hardiness zone: 4 - Red buds open to dark pink flowers 'Snowdrift'- Hardiness zone: 4 light green foliage, white flowers 'Bullseye' - Hardiness zone: 5, white flower with red purple band 'Tiddlywinks'- Hardiness zone: 5, small habit, compacted and dense

Ilex x meserveae; Blue Holly

Cross between I. aquifolium x I. rugosa They are crossed to combine good habit and features with hardiness and tolerance Foliage has a good blue-green color Very short, stout stems Foliage has very pointed serrations Produces little white flowers Produces bright red, shiny, winter drupes Put in protected areas for winter conditions Not urban tolerant Good mulching and well drained soils Cultivars: 'China girl'- winter hardy, lighter green foliage, good fruit production 'Blue girl'- Shrubby upright somewhat open form, perhaps hardiest female 'Blue Maid'- Up to 15', broad pyramidal, good fruit production

Taxus x media; AngloJapanese Yew

Tolerant of drought, neutral-slightly alkaline soils, avoid wet soils Tolerates shearing, can be pruned regularly Salt tolerant, tolerant of compaction Radial foliage More tolerant of alkaline soil Cultivars: 'Tauntonii' - Rounded, more open, very wind, sun and heat tolerant, flat top habit, wider than tall, foliage can be yellow-green 'Densiformis' - Dark green, wider than tall, upright brancing 'Hicksii'- Upright, columnar shape

Taxus canadensis; Canadian Yew

Upright, evergreen, ground cover, with arching branches, not very ornamental Not site tolerant plant but is hardy in Maine Native to Maine Hardiness zone: 3,2 Prefers shade Fruits are naked seeds surrounded by a fruit ---like flesh Not good in heavy wet soil, best in acidic to neutral soil

Gaultheria procumbens; Creeping Wintergreen

Very low growing plant, grows wider than tall Native to Maine and most of Eastern U.S. Hardiness zone: 2 Not very heat tolerant Turns purple-green in colder weather Foliage is obovate, with serrations that are very sparse, produces small hairs on the margins of the leafs, foliage is also glossy Produces bright red berries Flowers are bright white and look like blueberry flowers, very cup shaped Not very easily pollinated Spreads by Rhizomes Prefers moderate moist, acidic soil Drought tolerance when established Prefers light sandy loam soils Has very good wintergreen scent Shade tolerant, and can't grow well in full sun but tolerates moderate sun Cultivars: 'Very Berry'- Heavy fruiting, good fall color, considered tender z 6-9 by stokes 'Dart's Red Giant'- Very large berries 'Macrocarpa' - Very large berries

Juniperus procumbens; Japanese Garden Juniper

Wide spreading, procumbent, low habit, less ----than a foot height but can mount in the ----center Slow growing plant, usually not seen in ----commercial landscapes Three leaves at a node (pluck tip to check) Has more volume than horizontalis Very site tolerant plant, does best in full sun, tolerates well drained sandy soils and pH Hardiness zone: 5,4* (protected spots) Cultivars: 'Nana' - Very dense, low growing 'Green mound' - Light green, dense, mounting cultivar

Juniperus chinensis; Chinese Juniper

Bigger habit than others, wide spreading, 3-4' Vase like, looks like they are holding their ----arms up to the side Foliage color and shape can be variable, leaves look like pubescent cones Juvenile foliage is more open and not as cone ----shaped Hardiness zone: 4 Does best in full sun, well drained soil, but tolerant of a range of pH Does poorly in heavy wet soils with poor air ----movement Decent salt tolerance Cultivars: 'Hetzii'- Large upright spreading, blue-green foliage, female (cones) 'Pfitzeriana'- Spreading, not as tall as 'Hetzii', gray green foliage, male 'Seagreen'- Arching spreading branches, mint green foliage, female

Pieris floribunda; Mountain Pieris

Can be 8-9' tall but usually shorter Dense, upright habit, usually wider than tall Does best in part sun-part shade but is shade ----tolerant Hairs on the margin of the leaf Hardiness zone: 4 Native to southern United States Tolerates acidic soil but also neutral to slight ----alkaline, some salt tolerance Cultivar: 'Mill Stream' 'Brouwer's beauty'- Hybrid between Pieris japonica x Pieris floribunda, called Pieris x 'Brouwer's Beauty', Its a intermediate between the two, Hardiness zone: 5

Taxus Cuspidata; Japanese Yew

Can be tree form, but also wide spread shrub habit, 6-9' tall in shrubs, up to 20' for tree Tolerates shearing, can be pruned regularly Salt tolerant, tolerant of compaction Regenerates foliage better than other plants Bark is plate-like and orange-red in color Foliage is in a v-shape, more upright Tolerant of drought, neutral-slightly alkaline soils, avoid wet soils Cultivars: 'Capitata'- Upright tree like form, can be 20' 'Densa'- Wide spreading habit, 6-9' tall

Rhododendron maximum; Rosebay Rhododendron

Native to Maine Largest of the species that hardy in Maine Very cold tolerant, very hardy large evergreen Habit becomes open over time Flowers in Early June-Early July, flowers are pink in bud, and has light pink-white color Petals on flowers are distinct and seperate Fruit is a dry capsule Underside of plant has rusty appearance, ---also can be seen on the buds and petioles Flower buds have loose leave on ---the base Hardiness zone: 4 Prefers low pH, moist soil, not drought ---tolerant, not salt or compaction tolerance Not good in extreme or urban stresses but is less tolerant than other Rhododendrons

Pieris japonica; Japanese Pieris

Open habit, small size Native to Japan Produces white, bell shaped flowers on a ----cluster of racemes Hardiness zone: 5,4* (protected parts) Heavy flowering plant, early spring flowers (early April) has very light fragrance Racemes are purple in the fall, dense color, ----which are the flower buds Produces bright red new foliage Tolerant of shade Tolerant of alkaline soils, but prefers pH ----below 7, and prefers moist OM, good ----drainage Cultivars: 'Mountain fire'- Consistant Red new growth, ----white flowers 'Dorothy Wycoff'- Dense compact form, dark ----red flowers buds open to pink/white flowers 'Valley Valentine'= dark red buds pink flowers ----dense upright plants

Rhododendron PJM Hybrids

Series of hybrids between R. Carolinianum x R. dacuricum car. sempervirens Leaf shape is intermediate in sides, but small ---compared to other Rhododendrons Flowers are lavender-purple-pink- white color Foliage is purple-green in color in the Fall More site tolerant than most Rhododendrons Prefers low pH, moist soil, can be drought ---tolerant when established, not salt or ---compaction tolerance, More tolerant of ---winter suns Flowers in Late April Early May Cultivars: 'Thunder'- Deep purple flowers 'Molly Fordham' - White flowers 'Olga'- Pink flowers

Ilex glabra; Ink Berry

Small plant, upright, rounded form Can loose lower leaves which creates legging Hardiness zone: 5 Avoid direct southern exposure for winter Dense foliage and good texture Native to Maine Good salt tolerance When established has good drought tolerance and tolerant of wet soils Early June flowering, Small white flowers Purple coloration on news stems, near buds Female plants produce dark black drupes Cultivars: 'Shamrock' - One of the hardier of cultivars, dense branching, may hold lower leaves more than others. Good winter color 'Compacta'- Compact form, dark black fruit, good retention, may lose lower foliage 'Densa' - Upright branching, dark foliage 'Nordic'- Male form, compact rounded form to 4' perhaps keeping it lower foliage

Juniperus communis; Common Juniper

Small, dense branching, but open foliage Native to Maine Most tolerant of junipers, Avoid heavy wet soils and shade Soft texture, branches are more procumbent Not as dense in the needles, spread open from stem Produces blue-berry looking cones Very tolerant of salt, winter winds Cultivars: 'Compressa'-Slow growing pryramidal or cone shaped 'Depressa'- Low growing squat vase shape 'Repanda' Ground cover ability, stays low to the ground

Buxus microphylla var. koreana; Littleleaf Boxwood

Small, dense habit Good for hedging and tolerates shearing Has a coopery-yellow color when it gets ----colder Slow growing plant Opposite leaves, lustrous, veiny texture Stems are squarish and grooved Flowers in early spring Not Native Flowers are fragrant Foliage smells less appealing Boxwood blight, new problem, browns foliage and gives it a moldy look, spots on stems, dead spots condensed spots Alright drought tolerance Does best in acidic soils, but tolerant of neutral to slightly alkaline Shallow root system, top 8"-9" Cultivars: 'Wintergreen'- Open lose branching, rounded --habit 'Green Mountain'- B. sempervirens x B. micro var kor, upright, conical form, good hardiness

Juniperus horizontalis; Creeping Juniper

Wide spreading, procumbent, low to the ----ground habit Scale like mature foliage Juvenile foliage is more open Produces blue waxy cones that look like ----berries Native to Maine Sit tolerant plant: tolerates acidic and alkaline soil, is salt tolerant, prefers coastal landscapes but is tolerant of dry soils and general urban conditions. Hardiness zone: 4,3 Susceptible to tip blight diseases Prefers well drained soil thats not too heavy Cultivars: 'Wiltonii'- ('Blue Rug') one of most popular cultivar, female cultivar, 'Blue Chip' - Blue colors cultivar, typical habit 'Bar harbor' - Turns plum-purple-bronze color in Fall, blue-green summer foliage color