Evolve: Growth and Development
The nurse is teaching hygiene practices to a 16-year-old patient who has recently had her first menstrual flow. Under which phase of development does the nurse classify the patient?
Middle adolescence
Which aspects of the "self" do children assess while forming an evaluation of their self-esteem? Select all that apply.
Moral worth Competence Sense of control Worthiness of love
A toddler wearing a diaper is impatient with the wet diaper and shows a desire to have it changed. Which toilet training readiness does this behavior indicate?
Psychological readiness
What should the nurse suggest when parents ask what to do about their preschooler's stuttering?
Speak clearly and do not complete the child's sentences.
What advice is appropriate for a growing child to prevent obesity? Select all that apply.
"You should drink fewer sweetened beverages every day." "You should eat small meals throughout the day." "You should watch television for less than 2 hours every day."
A father expresses concern that his 2-year-old daughter has become a "finicky eater" and is eating less. How should the nurse respond?
"Your daughter's behavior is expected in response to her slower growth."
How many teeth does a 10-month-old infant usually have? Record your answer using a whole number.
4
The nurse is teaching the mother of 24-month-old child effective ways of cleaning the toddler's teeth. Which actions facilitate access to the child's mouth and help stabilize the child's head for comfort? Select all that apply.
Sitting on the floor or a stool with the child's head resting between her thighs Using one hand to hold the child's chin and the other to brush the teeth Sitting on a couch or bed with the child's head resting in the mother's lap
The parents of a preschooler inform the nurse that their child often develops diarrhea and ask if there might be anything wrong with the child's stomach. Upon assessment, the nurse also finds that the child has poor oral care and is at risk for dental caries. What is the most probable cause for the child's health issues?
The child consumes excessive amounts of fruit juice.
After assessing a 2-year-old child, the nurse concludes that the child lacks physical readiness for toilet training. Which assessment finding supports the nurse's conclusion?
The child stays dry for 1 hour during the day.
Which symptoms present in a child indicate Turner syndrome? Select all that apply.
Webbed neck Low position of posterior hairline Shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples
The parents of a school-age child tell the nurse, "My child seems very hot or red in the face, has abdominal pain, and appears jittery." What does the nurse suggest as the reason for the child's signs and symptoms?
"The child is experiencing stress in some area of the child's life."
The parents of a school-age child tell the nurse that their child is tall, broad, and very active in sports, and so they are planning to enroll the child for strenuous competitive athletics. What is the best response from the nurse?
"The child is not ready for strenuous activities."
A child is born to a mother whose hepatitis B status is negative. While assessing the newborn, the nurse finds that the birth weight is 1.8 kg. Which action by the nurse is appropriate in this situation?
Administer HepB vaccine to the newborn 1 month after birth.
During physical examination of a 3-year-old child, the nurse finds that the child has only 15 teeth. Which foods should be included in the child's diet to promote tooth formation? Select all that apply.
Milk Boiled egg
The nurse is teaching the mother of a 2-year-old child teeth brushing techniques to ensure proper oral hygiene. Which action made by the mother indicates the need for further teaching?
Rinsing the mouth after brushing with a fluorinated gel
A 14-month-old toddler is able to recognize the shapes of objects and fit smaller boxes into larger boxes. Which type of cognitive development does this action indicate?
Spatial relationship
While interacting with a 4-year-old child, the nurse observes that the child exhibits which behavior congruent with Piaget's cognitive development theory?
The child is unable to see things from others' perspectives.
After assessing a 1-year-old child, the nurse concludes that the child has normal development. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion?
The child's toes hyperextend when the nurse strokes the heel upward across the foot.
What does the nurse expect the primary health care provider (PCP) to advise the parents after their child is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder?
"You may need to use a donor egg or sperm for future children."
The nurse is teaching safe transportation techniques to the parents of a baby who are from a low economic background. Which advice given by the nurse is appropriate?
"You should place the baby's car seat in the rear-facing position in the back seat."
Which stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory does the nurse observe in a 3-year-old child?
Anal stage
The nurse is teaching the parents of an 8-month-old infant about oral hygiene in infants. Which action by the parents indicates the need for further teaching?
Giving honey-coated pacifiers to the child
Which is an inborn error of metabolism that affects growth and development?
Hunter syndrome
While assessing a neonate who was born at 42 weeks gestation via vaginal delivery, the nurse finds that the neonate has a birth weight of 9 pounds. The nurse also assesses for Moro reflex and focal swelling or tenderness in the neonate. Why does the nurse perform these interventions?
To evaluate for clavicle fracture
The nurse is teaching a mother about the developmental behaviors of a 7-month-old infant. Which statement by the mother indicates the need for further teaching?
"I can leave my child with my new friend for some time."
The parents of a preschooler are worried, as the child is often seen talking to imaginary friends. The parents admit that they often scold the child for such behavior. What does the nurse inform the parents?
"The behavior is normal at this age and it will help counter loneliness."
A nurse in the pediatric clinic should be most observant for signs of cerebral palsy in a 6-month-old infant who was born:
During the 32nd week of gestation
The nurse observes that an infant has lost 5% of its body weight a few days after birth. Which reason does the nurse attribute to this weight loss?
Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment contraction
The nurse is applying skin ointment to acne lesions on a patient who has recently reached puberty. What does the nurse anticipate as the cause for the extensive acne?
Highly active sebaceous glands in "flush areas" of the body
Which reflex does the nurse assess in a newborn to determine auditory ability?
Startle reflex
An adolescent who has had type 1 diabetes for 5 years stops adhering to the therapeutic regimen. In light of the client's developmental level, the nurse concludes that the behavior is a reflection of a:
Struggle for identity
The American parents of an adopted Spanish preschooler inform the nurse that the child often stutters while speaking. Upon assessment, the nurse finds that there is no hearing impairment, brain injuries, or developmental disorders in the child. What does the nurse suspect is the cause for the stuttering?
The change in language exposure has caused stuttering.
A child who has persistent inattentive behavior is prescribed methylphenidate hydrochloride. Which behavior indicates that the child needs further treatment?
The child experiences difficulty keeping school supplies organized.
While assessing a stool sample from an infant, the nurse finds that the infant has passed golden-colored stool. What does the nurse interpret from this finding?
The infant is breastfeeding.
According to Freud, which aspect of one's life helps in the development of our personality?
The need for sensual pleasure
After assessing a 4-day-old newborn, the nurse anticipates that the newborn has impaired vision. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion?
The newborn has no corneal reflex after a light touch.
A 9-month-old infant has been prescribed iron supplements. The nurse teaches the infant's parents the measures to follow. During follow-up visits, the nurse observes that the iron deficiency anemia in the infant has not improved despite the treatment regimen. Which action of the parents does the nurse expect to be the reason for the lack of improvement?
Administering iron supplements with whole cow's milk
The nurse assesses a patient and determines that she has achieved thelarche. What clinical finding prompted the nurse's report?
Appearance of breast buds
A school-age child often steals money from home to buy chocolate. Upon being confronted by the parents, the child lies about stealing. The parents are worried that such behavior will steer the child towards criminal activities later in life. What is the best response from the nurse?
"Use admonition and ask the child to return the stolen money."
When assessing the reflexes of a 4-month-old infant, the nurse observes that the infant is extending an arm to the side while the head is turned. Which reflex does the nurse observe?
Tonic neck reflex
The nurse is educating the mother of an 8-year-old female about the sequences of maturational changes. Which response by the mother indicates effective learning?
"Appearance of breast buds is an initial indication of puberty."
The parents tell the nurse that their preschooler often awakes from sleep, screaming in the middle of the night. The preschooler is not easily comforted and screams if the parents try to restrain the child. What does the nurse instruct the parents?
"Intervene only if necessary to protect the child from injury."
A school-age child is mostly at home after school and gets engrossed in video games. Once a week, the child engages in swimming activity. The child's family also often orders fast food from restaurants. What does the nurse need to inform the parents about the child?
"The child is at risk for childhood obesity."
The nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about the calendar method of contraception. Which statement made by an adolescent indicates effective learning?
"This type of contraception requires a regular menstrual cycle."
During a follow-up visit, the nurse finds that the adolescent uses artificial tanning methods and has phototoxic reactions on the skin. What is the nurse's best response?
"You should wear goggles if you insist on using the tanning booth."
During a follow-up visit, the mother of a 10-month-old infant says, "My child lifts one foot to take a step, stands by holding the furniture, but does not attempt to stand alone without support, and walks while holding onto a hand." What is the accurate nursing response in this situation?
"Your child should be able to stand alone in another 2 months."
Which behavior is seen in children at the undifferentiated stage of spiritual development, as propounded by Fowler?
Children have no concept of right or wrong to guide their behaviors.
Which type of play will help develop a leader-follower type of relationship?
Cooperative play
The nurse teaches a mother about the dietary measures to be followed for her 5-month-old infant. During the follow-up visit, the nurse finds that the child has indigestion. Which action by the mother is responsible for this situation?
Feeding mashed sweet potatoes to the child
The nurse is counseling the parents of an adolescent child on the benefits of social development in the child's maturation process. Which statement by the nurse needs correction to convey an appropriate message to the parents?
Feelings of immortality in the child are undesirable and should be condemned.
When assessing a child's reflexes, the nurse places the child in the prone position and presses a thumb along the child's spine from sacrum to neck. The nurse finds that the child starts crying and urinates while flexing the extremities. Which reflex is the nurse assessing in the child?
Perez reflex
When assessing the development of a school-age child, the nurse concludes that the child has normal development according to Fowler's spiritual development theory. Which behavior helped the nurse reach this conclusion?
The child believes God will punish bad behavior and reward good behavior.
A worried mother reports that her teenage child wears unusual clothes and makeup and refuses to wear the clothes the mother buys. What does the nurse suspect as the cause for this behavior?
The child is displaying group identity in order to develop a personal identity.
The nurse is assessing an 8-month-old child's gross motor development. Which action by the child indicates late development?
The child is unable to stand by holding onto furniture.
While interacting with parents of children ranging in ages from 6 to 12 years old, the nurse suggests that the parents should avoid imposing too many expectations on their children. What is the rationale behind the nurse's suggestion?
To prevent inferiority complexes in the children
The parents of a toddler ask the nurse about the importance of play for a child. What is the best answer by the nurse?
"Play activities will help release the child's surplus of energy."
The nurse is caring for an infant who has been prescribed nystatin (Mycostatin). The nurse teaches the mother how to prevent aggravation of oral thrush. Which statements by the mother indicate the need for further teaching? Select all that apply.
"I should boil the pacifier for at least 20 minutes on alternate days." "I should apply the medication at least 20 minutes before feeding." "I should boil the reusable nipples for at least 5 minutes after washing."
The nurse finds that a 2-year-old child has impaired fine motor skills. The nurse recommends toys that will be beneficial for the child. Which statement by the child's parents needs correction?
"I should provide battery-operated cars."
The parents of a toddler who has been admitted to the pediatric unit for surgery to correct hypospadias ask the nurse when this defect happened. The nurse responds that it usually occurs during fetal development, in the:
First 12 weeks