EVR 1001 CH 15, Landing FSU

First developed in the ________, nuclear power showed the most growth during the ________.

1950s; 1970s and 1980s

What is the amount of time that it takes for the radiation in a sample of uranium-235 waste to be reduced by half?

700 million years

(DO NOT NEED TO MEMORIZE) Salinization is especially a problem around which inland sea? Kara Sea Black Sea Okhotsk Sea Caspian Sea White Sea

Caspian Sea

Which country leads the world in coal production and consumption by extracting and consuming approximately half of the world's annual coal yield? United States China Russia Canada India

China

Compare the two essays to predict how each author would respond to the other author's main argument.

Boyd: We don't need more wilderness. Most of Alaska is already wilderness. What we need is more oil.

Karen Wayland discusses her rationale for not drilling in ANWR. Review the statements below to identify one of her reasons.

Drilling for oil would require an extensive network of roads, pipelines, and airstrips, all of which would be harmful to the ecosystem.

Part of the debate about drilling for oil in ANWR centers on our national dependence on imported oil. Which of the following scenarios would decrease our foreign oil needs without using ANWR oil?

Federal policy mandating increased fuel efficiency for cars and trucks

Which of the following statements accurately describes nuclear fusion reactors? Fusion reactions can fuse three isotopes of hydrogen into one helium. Fusion reactions require very high temperatures. Fusion would be a more advanced technology if governments had provided some money for research or if attempts to develop it were more than just a few years old. Nuclear fusion occurs in Earth's crust.

Fusion reactions require very high temperatures.

Which of the following is true?

In a typical year, all people are exposed to radiation.

Which of the following currently appears to be the best option for protecting groundwater in areas where fracking is taking place?

Increase the use of intermediate casings.

Which of the following is true?

Indonesia uses a lot of coal in part because it has substantial coal reserves.

The bars on the graph are not of equal width. What does the width of each bar represent? the amount of energy saved by an investment, in kilowatt-hours per year the cost of conserved energy for each investment, in dollars per kilowatt-hour the amount of energy saved by an investment, in kilowatts per year the cost-effectiveness of each energy investment

the amount of energy saved by an investment, in kilowatt-hours per year

What does the y-axis show? the cost of conserved energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour the current price of energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour the cost of an energy investment the amount of energy saved, in kilowatt-hours per year

the cost of conserved energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour

What is energy intensity? a measure of the reduction of wasteful or unnecessary energy use the energy use per dollar of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the use of LED rather than incandescent light bulbs the capturing of excess heat during electrical generation

the energy use per dollar of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

What was the primary cause of the decline in oil prices in 2016 to only one quarter of the prices in 2008? a typographical error in a Black Friday sale ad the oil supply glut caused by fracking a prolonged peace in the Middle East the war against ISIS energy conservation and the use of renewable technologies

the oil supply glut caused by fracking

(DO NO MEMORIZE)What environmental problem that contributes to global warming is addressed by using amine solutions to treat the fumes of a coal-burning power plant? the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere the release of heat into the atmosphere the production of fine carbon particles and ash the production of acid rain

the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

When did the use of coal for cooking, heating, and other purposes begin? thousands of years ago, by Native Americans (and other ancient cultures) in the 1700s, by people who needed cooking fuel sources with the industrial revolution

thousands of years ago, by Native Americans (and other ancient cultures)

The United States and other industrialized nations devote about one-third of their oil use to __________.

transportation

Which of the following energy investments would be cost-effective to install? solar hot water heating gas stove ground source heat pump triple paned windows

triple paned windows

If the cost of energy rose to $.18 per kilowatt-hour, which of the following would be true? Investing in a solar hot water heating and a ground source heat pump would become cost-effective. The cost-effectiveness of all the investments would remain the same. Investing in a ground source heat pump and a gas stove would become cost-effective. Installing triple paned windows would no longer be cost-effective.

Investing in a solar hot water heating and a ground source heat pump would become cost-effective.

(DO NOT NEED TO MEMORIZE) During peak usage, what happens to the cost of electricity? It almost always increases. It almost always decreases. It depends on where the power plant is located. It depends on the time of the year. Cost of electricity always stays the same.

It almost always increases.

Which of the following is the reason the Paris Agreement had a goal of reducing the use of coal?

It is a large emitter of greenhouse gases.

Which of the following is true regarding 2BE?

It is found in many household products.

What does the moderator do in a nuclear fission reactor?

It slows down the neutrons so that they can react with the nucleus of a uranium atom.

What compound that results from hydraulic fracturing can contaminate groundwater? Methane Sulfur dioxide Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide

Methane

Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy source? Electricity Natural gas Solar energy Ocean energy

Natural gas

What is the current status of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the United States? The U.S. government is currently requiring all coal power plants to institute carbon capture and storage technologies by the year 2025. The rejection of Yucca Mountain as a carbon storage site has resulted in coal power plants storing carbon on-site until a permanent storage location can be approved. Technologies are not sufficiently reliable, and it is currently too energetically expensive for coal power plants to capture and store their carbon emissions. Carbon is now captured and converted to plastics at most coal power plants in the United States. Many coal power plants are currently voluntarily retrofitting their systems to capture carbon emissions.

Technologies are not sufficiently reliable, and it is currently too energetically expensive for coal power plants to capture and store their carbon emissions. Carbon is now captured and converted to plastics at most coal power plants in the United States.

One point of disparity between the essays concerned native Eskimos. Each author mentions only the tribe that fits with his or her point of view. Identify the correct combination of tribe and viewpoint.

The Gwich'in depends on caribou that live in ANWR.

Which of the following tends to be true in Indonesia?

The citizens and government support the use of coal

In his essay Ken Boyd gives his rationale for Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) oil drilling. Which of the following statements is one of his reasons?

The federal government owns 64% of Alaska, and 56% of that land is official "wilderness," so ANWR is not needed as additional "wilderness."

Which of the following appears most likely in the next decade?

Use of coal will decrease in developed countries and increase in developing countries.

How is the energy produced by nuclear fission used to produce electricity? The radiation is used to make plasma, which is harnessed directly for electricity. The fission process produces a strong magnetic field that moves electrons through loops of copper wire, thus making electricity. Water in the containment vessel is kept under high pressure and heat from the fission reactions that heat it to well over boiling. This is then used to boil another loop of water, which turns a turbine that drives a generator and makes electricity. Electrons from the fission are absorbed by spools of copper wire and generate electricity.

Water in the containment vessel is kept under high pressure and heat from the fission reactions that heat it to well over boiling. This is then used to boil another loop of water, which turns a turbine that drives a generator and makes electricity.

You are the CEO of a coal company in Indonesia. You commit to selling coal to the PLN through 2020. Which of the following is true?

You know the highest price you will get.

What is the cost of conserved energy for compact fluorescent lighting? about $.02 per kilowatt-hour about $.08 per kilowatt-hour about $.12 per kilowatt-hour about 1,500 kilowatt-hours per year

about $.08 per kilowatt-hour

How much energy would be saved by adding insulation to ceilings? about $0.06 per kilowatt-hour about 2,000 kilowatt-hours/year about 3,000 kilowatt-hours/year about 5,000 kilowatt-hours/year

about 2,000 kilowatt-hours/year

How much energy would the family save by investing in all of the features that are cost-effective at the current price of energy? about $.12 per kilowatt-hour about $.13 per kilowatt-hour about 7,000 kilowatt-hours per year about 9,000 kilowatt-hours per year about 13,000 kilowatt-hours per year

about 9,000 kilowatt-hours per year

Which of these energy investments is the least expensive to install? adding insulation to ceilings triple paned windows solar hot water heating cannot be determined from the graph

adding insulation to ceilings

All of the following are standard steps at a coal-fired power plant in the United States EXCEPT: rotation of a turbine. pulverization of coal. heating. carbon capture. cooling.

carbon capture.

(DO NOT NEED TO MEMORIZE) Many pollutants from coal-fired power plants are properly managed today. Which of the following is currently considered to be the biggest threat to the environment? sulfur dioxide oxygen carbon dioxide nitrous oxide methane gas

carbon dioxide

If trends since 2012 continue, which of the following countries will use the most coal?

china

All of the following, are forms of renewable energy EXCEPT: solar. coal. geothermal. wind. tidal.

coal.

(DO NOT NEED TO MEMORIZE) Once the carbon dioxide is captured from the fumes of a coal-burning power plant, something must be done with it. The option with the least environmental impact involves releasing the carbon dioxide into __________. deep underground caverns the air the oceans frozen lakes during the winter months

deep underground caverns

The practice of reducing wasteful or unnecessary energy use is called ________. energy conservation cogeneration technology reduction energy efficiency energy switching

energy conservation

What term describes the ability to obtain a given result while using less energy? cogeneration conservation energy efficiency CAFE standards

energy efficiency

Which of the following is most likely to support stricter federal regulations on fracking?

environmental defense fund

Which of the following is a method to gain additional power from coal? gasification carbon storage hydraulic fracturing pyrolysis

gasification

(DO NOT NEED TO MEMORIZE) Where is electricity made at a coal-fired power plant? control room silo boiler generator cooling tower

generator

What climate is most associated with acid rain?

humid continental (without dry season, cool summer)

The future of green, renewable energy in Indonesia appears to rely the least on which of the following?

hydropower

Which of the following is a renewable energy source?

hydropower

Where is radioactive contamination primarily found in Russia?

in areas of relatively high population density

Organizations like OPEC have formed ________. in order to take maximum advantage of developed nations dependence on imported oil to ensure that developing nations get their fair share of fossil fuels to develop technologies to conserve non-renewable energy resources to protect their national members' petroleum reserves for their own use as a military alliance to protect developed nations' energy reserves

in order to take maximum advantage of developed nations dependence on imported oil

In the United States, per capita energy use ________, and energy intensity ________. has been increasing since 1950; has also been increasing since 1950 increased sharply from 1950 to the 1970s but has since declined; has been declining since 1970 has been increasing since 1950; has been declining since 1950 increased sharply from 1950 to the 1970s but has since declined; decreased from 1950 to the 1970s but has since increased was stable from 1950 to 1970 but has since increased sharply; has been increasing since 1950

increased sharply from 1950 to the 1970s but has since declined; has been declining since 1970

The oil spill resulting from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster ________.

is the largest accidental oil spill in world history

You are a toxicologist and discover that 2BE has the same effects in humans as in rodents. What does it do to humans?

it causes tumors

Scientists currently assessing the environmental impacts of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico report that ________. Gulf productivity has already returned to normal and no further effects will be felt the damage was limited to wildlife kills immediately after the spill it may take years or decades before the full impacts are known the coastal marshes of Louisiana suffered no measurable damage the entire Gulf food web will eventually collapse

it may take years or decades before the full impacts are known

Of the five countries shown, ________ have essentially no domestic oil production.

japan and germany

Which of the following is least likely to be increasingly used to generate electricity as coal-fired power plants are phased out?

oil

(DO NOT NEED TO MEMORIZE)One-quarter of Scotland's electricity is generated by the third-largest coal-fired power station in Europe. In just three minutes, this power plant uses __________ of coal. 4 billion tons one train car (wagon) 1,000 pounds 4 million tons

one train car (wagon)

Crude oil is ________. formed less than 100 yards below the surface; in deeper places with more pressure, coal is formed refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics, and other products formed in a wide range of temperature and pressure circumstances composed of less than ten different hydrocarbon molecules usable in its raw form

refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics, and other products

(DO NOT NEED TO MEMORIZE) All fossil fuels, including coal, are considered an indirect form of ____________ energy. renewable solar geothermal nuclear wind

solar

Use MapMaster to determine which natural region is most associated with poor urban air quality.

steppe

Moving clockwise, label the steps of energy production in this diagram of a coal-fired power plant.

1. coal is burned 2. heat from combustion 3. steam turns 4. magnets are moved 5. steam Is cooled 6. air pollutants 7. toxic ash

What is Hubbert's peak?

A prediction, based on rates of extraction and new discovery, of when a country's or global oil production will be at a maximum and then start to fall

What is bitumen? A rare form of uranium A vitamin-enriched form of coal A bitter form of crude oil eaten by birds A thick type of petroleum formed in clay and sand

A thick type of petroleum formed in clay and sand

What correlation exists between acid rain and human population density in Russia?

Acid rain is more prevalent in regions that contain high population density.

(DO NOT MEMORIZE)How does a coal-fired power plant use the energy in coal to produce electricity? Burning coal heats wires to very high temperatures, which then generate electricity. Burning coal generates light that is converted into electricity. Burning coal heats air that spins the blades of a turbine and produces electricity. Burning coal heats water and creates steam that turns the blades of a turbine and generates electricity.

Burning coal heats water and creates steam that turns the blades of a turbine and generates electricity.

When generating equal amounts of energy, which of the following is true?

Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning natural gas.

From which of the nations below did the United States import the most crude oil in 2012? Iraq Iran Saudi Arabia Kuwait Canada

Canada

Which of the following countries exports the most oil to the United States? Kuwait Saudi Arabia Canada Venezuela

Canada

Polluted rivers are a major issue primarily in which part of Russia?

River pollution is prominent throughout Russia.

The country with the largest amount of domestic oil available for sale on the international market is ________. Iran Saudi Arabia the United States Japan Germany

Saudi Arabia

Which of the following is one of the two methods for mining oil shale? Deep-sea drilling Strip mining Fire treating Surface drilling

Strip mining

Which of the following is a problem when it comes to studying the effects of radiation?

There are no clinical trials being done on humans.

(DO NOT NEED TO MEMORIZE) What color smoke coming from a coal-fired power plant would indicate wasted fuel? red clear green black white

black

Chevron decides to frack near your home. Which of the following are they interested in obtaining?

natural gas

When it comes to radiation exposure, you agree with the linear no-threshold model. What do you believe?

no amount of radiation is safe

The results from Fukushima would be most applicable if a similar accident occurred at which of the following?

nuclear power plant

Alaskans benefit from the trans-Alaska pipeline because Alaska's state constitution requires approximately 25% of state revenues associated with the oil industry to be placed into a monetary fund called the Permanent Fund, which ________. is divided equally among the politicians in the state for running their offices pays for education of native Alaskans through scholarships is used for social infrastructure, such as hospitals, roads, and schools pays yearly dividends to all Alaska residents is used as a main source of funds to reduce environmental damage

pays yearly dividends to all Alaska residents

Read the following scenario and answer the question(s) below.In Johannesburg, South Africa, the South West Township (Soweto) was one of several areas established early in the last century for blacks to live away from the white ruling minority. On the hills surrounding Soweto, the company that provides South Africa's electricity, Eskom, built a large coal-burning power plant. The electricity was for white areas of Johannesburg, miles away from the plant. The residents of Soweto had no electrical connections.The fact that there is a high sulfur content of the coal burned in South African power plants means that the ________.

power plants contribute to acidic deposition

As of now, the Fukushima accident indicates that which of the following is most accurate when it comes to radiation exposure?

radiation hormesis

Secondary extraction of petroleum ________. causes less environmental damage than tertiary extraction uses solvents, water, or steam is less expensive than primary extraction allows the oil to be extracted to the last drop occurs immediately after primary extraction

uses solvents, water, or steam

Efficiency of coal-fired power plants can be nearly doubled by ________. switching to oil using household wastes along with the coal using coal with higher sulfur content adding wood chips to the coal using cogeneration

using cogeneration

Read the following scenario and answer the question(s) below.In Johannesburg, South Africa, the South West Township (Soweto) was one of several areas established early in the last century for blacks to live away from the white ruling minority. On the hills surrounding Soweto, the company that provides South Africa's electricity, Eskom, built a large coal-burning power plant. The electricity was for white areas of Johannesburg, miles away from the plant. The residents of Soweto had no electrical connections.Along with many other governmental reforms that began in 1994, the electrical plant just outside Soweto was closed in 2000, and other plants were brought into use. Some parts of Soweto were then wired for electricity. It is estimated, however, that only about 30% of the more than 1.2 million black inhabitants have electricity in their homes; the remainder either cannot afford the costs involved or live in areas that have no electrical access. These inhabitants probably use ________ for fuel.

wood and coal

Which of the following is least likely to fully support the U.S. Clean Power Plan?

world coal association