EVR 3 V2
(25)Large predators and omnivores, such as mountain lions and bears, roam these mountain ranges. Which of the following statements is true? Because of habitat fragmentation, the individual populations of these Sky Islands have more biodiversity than they did in the past. Because of extirpation, many of these individual populations have more biodiversity than they did in the past. Because of immigration and emigration, the individual populations of these Sky Islands have less biodiversity than they did in the past. Because of habitat fragmentation, the individual populations of these Sky Islands have less genetic diversity than they did in the past. Because of immigration and emigration, the individual populations of these Sky Islands have more biomass than they did in the past.
Because of habitat fragmentation, the individual populations of these Sky Islands have less genetic diversity than they did in the past.
A scientist plans to further investigate the impact of organic farming on biodiversity. Which groups of organisms should the scientist select? Beetles and other arthropods Soil microbes and plants Spiders Birds and mammals
Beetles and other arthropods
Natural: 1, 2, 3, 7 Manipulative: 4, 5, 6
1. Blood concentrations of BPA in college students are compared to their recent consumption of canned food items: --Natural 2. The feeding behavior of fish in streams that receive acidic runoff from strip mines is compared to the feeding behavior of fish in unaffected streams: --Natural 3. The deformity rate in baby birds from nests in pesticide-sprayed fields is compared to the deformity rate in birds from nests in unsprayed fields: --Natural 4. Tumor development is compared in mice exposed to five dosages of a known carcinogen in the laboratory: --Manipulative 5. Foraging activity levels are compared in tadpoles exposed to four concentrations of toxic metals in the laboratory: --Manipulative 6. Growth of corn plants is compared in field plots sprayed with three different dosages of weed killer: --Manipulative 7. BPA concentrations in the urine of people with diabetes are compared to BPA concentrations in the urine of people without diabetes: --Natural
Match the words in the left-hand column to the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column. Use each word only once.
1. The slowly increasing distance between South America and Africa is due to seafloor spreading. 2. Old Faithful Geyser at Yellowstone National Park in the United States acquires its energy from a hot spot. 3. Layered sedimentary rockexposed by erosion can be seen when looking at the Grand Canyon in the United States. 4. Australia is composed of relatively old and thick continental crust. 5. The extremely deep ocean Marianas Trench is a result of subduction. 6. seafloor crustfound in the Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe is composed of dense and relatively young rock. 7. The earthquakes that occur in Southern California generally occur above a fault.
Drag the numbers and terms on the left to answer the questions on the right. Not all terms will be used.
1.The DEQ study had a sample size of 69 and the FWS had a sample size of 270. 2. The FWS had a sample size that was about 4 times larger than the DEQ study. 3. While the FWS found all 9 wards to have 10% or more of the homes with high lead levels, the DEQ found only 2 wards to have 10% or more of the homes with high lead levels. 4. Overall, the DEQ study found about 9% of the houses sampled had high lead levels; the FWS found about 19% had high lead levels. 5. Based on the difference in their samples sizes, the results from the FWS are more reliable than the results from the DEQ.
What percentage of the studies showed a negative effect of organic farming on organisms? 13% 11% 8% 89%
11%
In which of the following years was the sea surface temperature more than 1ºC above the average temperature? Select all that apply. 1983 1987 1988 1991 1997
1983 1987 1997
Researchers have observed that declines in amphibian populations are more pronounced near cities and towns, and especially in habitats associated with waste water treatment facilities. Could high numbers of women taking birth control pills in these densely populated areas really be responsible for frog population declines? In this activity, you will reconstruct the connections underlying the hypothesis that human birth control is causing frog population declines near cities and towns.
2. Women who take birth control pills excrete large amounts of estrogen in their urine 3. Wastewater treatment plants do not filter estrogen from the water 4. Male frogs in ponds associated with wastewater effluent absorb estrogen 5. Male frogs that absorb estrogen become feminized and have reduced fertility 6. Reduced male fertility results in frog population declines
It takes ________ energy to produce aluminum from ore than to obtain it from recycled sources. 7 times less 20 times more 20 times less roughly the same amount of 7 times more
20 times more
What percentage of U.S. land area is in wilderness areas? 2.7% 4.5% 7.7% 99.9%
4.5%
Overall, how many studies showed a positive effect of organic farming on biodiversity? 41 66 13 9
66
What is the overall ratio of positive effects of organic farming to negative effects? 1:8.25 8:66 66:8 8.25:1
8.25:1
During what period did the number of pairs of bald eagles increase by the greatest percentage? 1992-1998 1986-1992 1994-2000 1974-1981 2000-2006
??? not 2000-2006
For each of the categories, select the option that is most likely to keep the public safe.
????
If the Sky Islands become rapidly warmer and drier, the endemic species there will ________. successfully adapt to changing conditions probably suffer a high extinction rate be forced to interbreed with other species to preserve genetic diversity move down the mountain slopes and displace species living at lower elevations move farther into the core area of the "sky island"
????NOT move farther into the core area of the "sky island" MAYBE (move down the mountain slopes and displace species living at lower elevations)
Where do large-scale strike-slip faults, which cut through the entire lithosphere, occur? At tactile plate boundaries At convergent plate boundaries At transform plate boundaries At divergent plate boundaries
At transform plate boundaries
Heavy landscape damage and water pollution have occurred in ________ as a result of ________. Appalachia; mountaintop removal mining for coal Mississippi; strip mining for uranium Canada; subsurface mining for oil sands San Francisco; placer mining for gold Florida; open pit mining of limestone
Appalachia; mountaintop removal mining for coal
__________, a commonly mined energy resource, is not a mineral. Potash Uranium Coal Limestone
Coal
In 2000, Damschen and her team cleared the central and experimental patches by removing all the forest vegetation from the patch areas. They then collected species richness data between 2001 and 2005 on their experimental patches. (They had to skip 2004 because of a prescribed burn.) The following graphs are possible results from the experiment. Drag the blue labels to match each description with the appropriate graph. Then, drag the pink labels to indicate how well each graph supports the hypothesis that corridors promote plant species richness by increasing connectivity between patches. The pink labels can be used more than once.
Connected patches had lower species richness than unconnected patches - not supported Connected patches had slightly higher species richness than unconnected patches - weakly supported Connected patches had significantly higher species richness than unconnected patches - strongly supported Connected and unconnected patches had similar species richness - not supported
Which of the following are responsible for the formation of the world's highest mountains, the Himalayas? Convergent plate boundaries Transform plate boundaries Divergent plate boundaries Tactile plate boundaries
Convergent plate boundaries
Which of the following correctly represents the basic layers of Earth from the innermost to the outermost? Core, mantle, and crust Crust, core, and mantle Crust, mantle, and core Core, crust, and mantle
Core, mantle, and crust
Mercury is to methylmercury as DDT is to ________. PBP POP PCB DEP DDE
DDE
Identify each author's primary criticism of the ESA and determine which statement below accurately describes one author's comments. Knight: Allowing private landowners to destroy habitat is the primary problem with the ESA. Davison: The problem is the shift away from ecosystem protection to individual species. Knight: The problem is labeling species as endangered that are already in recovery. Davison: The ESA itself is not the problem. Rather it is lack of enforcement of other local, state, and federal laws aimed at ecological integrity.
Davison: The ESA itself is not the problem. Rather it is lack of enforcement of other local, state, and federal laws aimed at ecological integrity.
Which of the following types of organisms would most likely be found in the understory of a forest? Epiphytes Birds of prey Deep water fish Decomposers
Decomposers
Drag the labels to identify the components of Hunt's experiment. Labels may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Dosage 0 ng/g BPA: CONTROL Dosage 20 ng/g BPA: TREATMENT Dosage 40 ng/g BPA: TREATMENT Dosage 100 ng/g BPA: TREATMENT 1. Dosage of BPA administered is: --independent variable 2. Length of time over which mice were exposed to BPA is a(n): --independent variable 3. The percentage of mice displaying genetic abnormalities is a(n): --dependent variable
The primary legislation for protecting biodiversity in the United States is the __________. Endangered Species Act Clean Water Act Clean Air Act Occupational Safety and Hazards Act
Endangered Species Act
Bob Davison describes the Endangered Species Act (ESA) as an effective tool for conserving biological diversity. What is his rationale for the value of focusing on individual species? Establishing public empathy for charismatic species provides an opportunity to educate people about lesser-known species. The public is not concerned about the economic costs of individual species recovery. The public tends to value intact ecosystems over particular plant and animal species. A focus on individual species is cheaper than protecting entire ecosystems.
Establishing public empathy for charismatic species provides an opportunity to educate people about lesser-known species.
If you want to avoid buying a "blood diamond," you should avoid purchasing ________. a synthetically produced diamond a diamond mined from a subsurface mine in the Ukraine a diamond from Sierra Leone any rose-colored diamonds a diamond that has been manufactured from mercury via alchemy
IDK but not a diamond mined from a subsurface mine in the Ukraine
All of the following statements are true of allergens EXCEPT: Allergens trigger an immune response when one is not necessary. Asthma can be triggered by allergies. Everyone is affected by an allergen at a high enough dose. Synthetic chemicals may trigger allergic reactions. A person's response to an allergen does not necessarily correlate with the degree of exposure.
Everyone is affected by an allergen at a high enough dose.
This figure shows population growth over time for a harvestable resource. Which of the following graphs depicts the population growth rate for this population? Figure A Figure B Figure C Figure D Figure E
Figure E
Damschen and her team were able to conduct a manipulative experiment to test their hypothesis: Connecting patches promotes plant species richness in the patches. They cleared 30 large patches of forest at the Savannah River Site so that the patches all started with a plant species richness of zero. Then they set up different treatments to simulate connectedness and lack of connectedness. They used strips of cleared land, called corridors, to connect patches. Below are 4 examples of ways Damschen and her colleagues could have designed their experiment. Identify what is wrong with each design.
Graph 1: This design does not control for distance from the central patch. Graph 2: This design does not control for area of the patch. Graph 3: In this design, there is no difference between the treatments. Graph 4: This design does not control for edge effects.
Knight suggests that many private landowners deliberately destroy endangered species habitat because they are not reimbursed by the federal government. Compare this with Davison's observations about the public. What action do you think Davidson would recommend based on his essay? Federal compensation for private landowners A thorough revision of the ESA Widespread private landowner protests against the federal government Greater educational efforts to help citizens understand the value of endangered species and ecosystems
Greater educational efforts to help citizens understand the value of endangered species and ecosystems
In his 2005 book, Last Child in the Woods, Richard Louv maintains that today's children ________. In his 2005 book, Last Child in the Woods, Richard suffer psychologically and emotionally from "nature deficit syndrome" should not be exposed to the dangers of natural ecosystems develop more balanced emotions in urban compared to natural settings should not participate in environmental education programs until high school have a better understanding of natural environments than their grandparents
In his 2005 book, Last Child in the Woods, Richard suffer psychologically and emotionally from "nature deficit syndrome"
Within which of the following layers of Earth does plate tectonic movement occur? Asthenosphere Core Mantle Lithosphere
Lithosphere
Which of the following best describes the Yellowstone Plateau landscape in 1900? More than half of the landscape was occupied by forests in which shade-tolerant trees were becoming established. Most of the landscape was occupied with forests made up of young lodgepole pines. All of the forest stages occupied about the same amount of area. More than half of the landscape was covered by forests made up of mature shade-tolerant trees.
More than half of the landscape was occupied by forests in which shade-tolerant trees were becoming established.
Can you identify the steps in the scientific method that correspond to Hunt's experiments?
OBSERVATION: The eggs of mice in plastic cages washed with harsh soap displayed problems during cell division that caused genetic abnormalities QUESTION:Could bisphenol A from the plastic be affecting the mice in the damaged cages? HYPOTHESIS:The frequency of genetic abnormalities in mice is affected by exposure to bisphenol A PREDICTION:If mice are exposed to elevated levels of bisphenol A, the frequency of genetic abnormalities in these mice will increase.
This type of mining often results in highly contaminated areas (holes in the ground called quarries) when toxic sulfides from the ore react and produce sulfuric acid. Mountaintop removal mining Open-pit mining Strip mining Subsurface mining
Open-pit mining
The "dirty dozen" POPs targeted by the Stockholm Convention include ________. PCBs Bt toxin and isopropyl alcohol Roundup and glyphosate BPA and radon Dr. Pepper and Mountain Dew
PCBs
At the end of the __________ period, close to 90% of all species are thought to have gone extinct. Triassic Cretaceous Permian Cambrian
Permian
Which of the following describes a scenario involving pesticide drift? Pesticides contain carcinogens that cause cancer in the workers using the chemicals. Pesticides run off into a local waterway that flows into a nearby fishing lake, killing some of the sensitive species of fish that live in the lake. Pesticides are copied by companies producing generic varieties, but the generic varieties have greater toxic effects than the original pesticides. Pesticides leach into groundwater aquifers, sickening those who use the aquifers for drinking water. Pesticides being used in a mountain valley are carried by air currents into the surrounding hills, killing amphibians living in the hills' streams.
Pesticides being used in a mountain valley are carried by air currents into the surrounding hills, killing amphibians living in the hills' streams.
For which group of organisms is evidence of positive effects the strongest? Beetles Plants Soil microbes Birds and mammals
Plants
Which of the following statements about cloning organisms is true? Cloning mammals is a more viable strategy than habitat protection for increasing the biodiversity of species on the earth. Producing cloned animals and keeping them in zoos does not increase biodiversity of the species. Cloning of mammals tends to produce viable organisms that survive to reproductive age. Cloning of mammals is not possible.
Producing cloned animals and keeping them in zoos does not increase biodiversity of the species.
________ are examples of indoor chemical hazards. Radon and asbestos BPA and PCBs DDT and DDE Wastewater toxicants Petroleum and pesticides
Radon and asbestos
________ is a naturally occurring substance that seeps up from the ground and is potentially toxic to people. DDE Bisphenol A Radon gas Crude oil
Radon gas
Peyton Knight gives several reasons why the ESA should not be considered a success. Which of the following reasons does he include in his essay? Species recovery cannot be described as a success because of the high costs for the federal government. Species listed as endangered are more likely to go extinct than non-listed species. Several ESA "success" stories are species that were already on the increase before their ESA listing. The federal government has failed to enforce other environmental laws.
Several ESA "success" stories are species that were already on the increase before their ESA listing.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the edge effect in the Amazon? Fragmented areas lose species at a slower rate. The edge effect does not exist here. There is more diversity found in fragmented areas. Small fragmented populations lose more species and lose them faster than large fragmented populations.
Small fragmented populations lose more species and lose them faster than large fragmented populations.
If the ESA were revised by Congress, which combination of provisions would both authors consider? Tighter restrictions on which species can be listed as endangered or threatened Strengthened enforcement of all federal ecosystem laws and money earmarked for private landowner compensation Offering land swaps for endangered species habitat while eliminating other federal laws that duplicate the intent of the ESA Limiting the ESA to only include species found on public land
Strengthened enforcement of all federal ecosystem laws and money earmarked for private landowner compensation
Which of the following phrases best describes goals behind the resource-management strategies that do not deplete the resource? Maintenance of species diversity in ecosystems Preservation of natural areas Soil conservation Sustainable use of natural resources
Sustainable use of natural resources
Which of the following statements regarding forestry is false? Clear-cutting is often utilized because it is the most cost-efficient method for harvesting timber. The acreage of land covered by forest decreased from 1990 to 2010 in all major world regions. Timber in the United States can be legally harvested on private land, but not on federal or state forests. While forest fires can destroy forest, small fires are sometimes intentionally set and managed to clear underbrush and prevent larger, catastrophic fires.
The acreage of land covered by forest decreased from 1990 to 2010 in all major world regions. Timber in the United States can be legally harvested on private land, but not on federal or state forests.
Which statement is most likely to have described how the landscape changed in the 12 years after the 1988 fires? The percentage of the landscape in old-growth stage forest increased. The percentage of the landscape in old-growth stage forest decreased. The percentage of the landscape in old-growth stage forest stayed the same. It is not possible to make a prediction based on the data in this graph.
The percentage of the landscape in old-growth stage forest decreased.
Assume that the scales for graphs (a) and (b) are identical. Compare the graphs. Which of the following statements is true? Assume that the scales for graphs (a) and (b) are identical. Compare the graphs. Which of the following statements is true? The toxicant shown in (b) has a lower LD50 compared to the toxicant shown in (a). Graphs (a) and (b) show results for the same toxicant, but graph (b) shows a higher dose than graph (a). The toxicant shown in (b) has a higher toxicity than the toxicant shown in (a). Graphs (a) and (b) show results for the same toxicant, but graph (a) shows a higher dose than graph (b). The toxicant shown in (b) has a lower toxicity than the toxicant shown in (a).
The toxicant shown in (b) has a lower toxicity than the toxicant shown in (a).
Which of the following statements is supported by the data in the graph? An increase in sea surface temperature causes the incidence of cholera to increase. There is a positive correlation between sea surface temperature and the incidence of cholera. There is a negative correlation between sea surface temperature and the incidence of cholera. There is no relationship between sea surface temperature and the incidence of cholera.
There is a positive correlation between sea surface temperature and the incidence of cholera.
Coltan ore contains ________. cobalt coal aluminum tantalum uranium
tantalum
How do resource managers achieve maximum sustainable yield? They raise the average temperature so that enzymes work faster and growth is greater. They keep the population at 50% of the carrying capacity, thus maximizing the growth rate. When they use up the resource in the area they manage, they move on to a fresh area. They supplement the available natural food with processed, high-nutrient feed.
They keep the population at 50% of the carrying capacity, thus maximizing the growth rate.
How do endocrine disruptors affect human health at very low doses? They mimic or block hormones that direct reproductive and developmental processes. They prevent the secretion of digestive enzymes. They interfere with nervous system function. They stimulate the liver to make excessive growth hormones.
They mimic or block hormones that direct reproductive and developmental processes.
How do toxicants get transported over vast distances? Toxicants are carried by the wind as well as the waters of streams and the oceans. Human beings carry toxicants on their skin, which become released into the water when they bathe. Toxicants are transmitted through electromagnetic waves within Earth, the oceans, and the air. Animals deliberately carry toxicants with them across Earth.
Toxicants are carried by the wind as well as the waters of streams and the oceans.
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides can displace large volumes of water in the ocean and trigger which of the following natural disasters? Mass wasting Lahars Tornadoes Tsunamis
Tsunamis
Why do urbanized societies need stretches of uninhabited and undeveloped land? Uninhabited and undeveloped lands are saved so that we can develop them in the future. Uninhabited and undeveloped lands are set aside to provide space for future generations as populations grow. We need to preserve them to extract resources in the future. Uninhabited and undeveloped lands provide natural resources that, in turn, provide the ecosystem services and the psychological relief needed to support urban populations.
Uninhabited and undeveloped lands provide natural resources that, in turn, provide the ecosystem services and the psychological relief needed to support urban populations.
There are multiple ways Hoffman & Kloas could have designed their experiment. Match each description of an experimental design (one is the actual design they used) to the graph setup that matches the data that would be collected by that experiment. In the next part, you will look at data on these graphs.
WRONG
Which of the following best describes an umbrella species? a particularly showy species that people will want to protect because it is so attractive a species that, if removed, will cause the community to collapse and be reduced in its biodiversity a species, such as a large oak tree, that protects the soil beneath it from heavy downpours and prevents erosion a species whose protection will result in the protection of a large number of species that require the same habitat
a species whose protection will result in the protection of a large number of species that require the same habitat
Which of these leads to uncertainty in our ability to predict how long a mineral resource will last? changing rates of mineral recycling changes in product technologies that use minerals development of new extraction technologies all of the above
all of the above
European rabbits were introduced into Australia and quickly spread, reproduced, and became a terrible pest. They eat up to $600 million worth of food and pasture crops annually and have damaged the populations of many native plants and the populations of animals that eat the plants. Twice in the past 50 years, rabbit diseases have been introduced to try to control the population, with some success. This is a case where ________. an invasive species has caused overharvesting habitat alteration resulted in decreased biodiversity an invasive species has reduced the genetic diversity of native species an extirpation has occurred climate change has decreased the genetic diversity of native species
an invasive species has reduced the genetic diversity of native species
You have been appointed as a chief advisor for the MIDAS project. As far as costs of restoration and reclamation of mining sites, you should strongly recommend that ________. the U.S. EPA should oversee the operation and pay for it the Afghan central government should take responsibility for all costs incurred the U.S. military should take responsibility for all costs incurred any corporation wishing to invest should post a bond for reclamation and hire Afghans to do the work the costs be shared by the Afghan central government and also by the most powerful tribal leaders
any corporation wishing to invest should post a bond for reclamation and hire Afghans to do the work
Paper parks are ________. areas protected on paper but not in reality due to lack of funding portions of the national parks where timber harvesting is permitted portions of the wilderness areas where timber harvesting is permitted land trust areas where timber harvesting is permitted parks established where timber harvesters formerly harvested wood for paper mills
areas protected on paper but not in reality due to lack of funding
Several times a year volcanoes erupt along the Aleutian Island chain in southern Alaska. What geologic feature is responsible for these hazardous events? convergent plate boundary continental collision transform plate boundary divergent plate boundary
convergent plate boundary
The leading cause of death in the world today is __________. disease natural disasters injuries starvation
disease
At ________ plate boundaries, tectonic plates are pushed away from each other when magma rises to the surface, creating new crust. convergent subvergent divergent trench transform
divergent
What would one call trees planted in a stand at the same time? step-laddered even aged uneven aged terraced
even aged
"Edge effects" become particularly problematic when ________. wildlife corridors are developed in urban landscapes forests undergo biodiversity changes as a result of climate change trying to manage and protect island biodiversity preserves have a very large area and a roughly circular shape formerly large habitats are reduced to small fragments
formerly large habitats are reduced to small fragments
Global biodiversity exists in a number of patterns. The largest and most obvious of these is that biodiversity is __________. distributed evenly across Earth's surface greatest at the equator and drops as you move farther north or south greatest at high elevations but drops as you descend higher at the start of a river than at its end
greatest at the equator and drops as you move farther north or south
What does the red graph line represent? cholera mortality rate time, in four-year intervals incidence of cholera sea surface temperature
incidence of cholera
Which of the following can spread quickly as a result of human mobility? infectious diseases noninfectious diseases earthquakes obesity
infectious diseases
The greatest species diversity is found in which of the following groups? birds mammals flowering plants insects fish
insects
Conservation biology is different from other fields of science discussed in the book because __________. it is based only on computer simulations and ignores real-world data even when the evidence does not support a hypothesis, conservation biologists continue to test that hypothesis until they find evidence to support it it is an applied and goal-oriented science, with implicit values and ethical standards conservation biologists ignore the scientific method
it is an applied and goal-oriented science, with implicit values and ethical standards
More greenhouse gas emissions will indirectly lead to ________. globalization loss of ecosystem services overharvesting an increase in invasive species human population growth
loss of ecosystem services
Longer projected lifetimes for scarce minerals can be achieved with all of the following, EXCEPT: finding more available substitutes for these minerals. researching more efficient extraction techniques. exploring for new mineral reserves. lowering prices for products using these minerals. recycling.
lowering prices for products using these minerals. recycling.
The flat line at the left in (b) probably represents ________. competing effects of some other substance whose effect wasn't measured the fact that no toxicant was introduced until the response line begins to rise the fact that there is no biological effect of the toxicant at low doses that no data were collected for the flat line area no visible effect because the body's physiological processes can cope with low doses of a toxicant
no visible effect because the body's physiological processes can cope with low doses of a toxicant
What does the y-axis show? percentage of landscape occupied by a forest stage relative frequency of forest fires between 1700 and 1988 total area occupied by a forest stage, in square miles time, in 50-year intervals
percentage of landscape occupied by a forest stage
Within a political context, what does risk management influence with regards to environmental health and toxicology? policy assessment science perception
policy
According to critics, the U.S. General Mining Act of 1872 ________. had pollution and remediation clauses that were too strict made mining unprofitable except for the largest corporations allowed mining in urban centers with dense commercial development opened mining rights to foreign nations that staked claims on U.S. land practically gave away resources located on public land
practically gave away resources located on public land
Land trusts are ________. municipal government entities private nonprofit groups federal government entities corporations state government entities
private nonprofit groups
An effective strategy for protecting the endemic species of the Sky Islands could be to ________. prevent immigration and emigration between the Islands protect as many adjacent Sky Islands as possible, giving wildlife corridors to move between mountaintops protect the smallest Sky Islands and leave the rest open to logging and development introduce drought tolerant species into all the Sky Islands protect one large Sky Island at each end of the mountain chain and allow logging and development in the others
protect as many adjacent Sky Islands as possible, giving wildlife corridors to move between mountaintops
The dwindling supplies of rare strategic metals such as indium, tantalum, and platinum may be extended if we rigorously ________. reduce demands for social and economic justice relax environmental requirements for mining increase demand for the products in which they are used exploit known deposits more efficiently recycle existing supplies
recycle existing supplies
Alligators in polluted lakes in Florida have been shown to have a higher prevalence of ________ than alligators in uncontaminated lakes. mercury poisoning reproductive abnormalities lead poisoning and poaching lung cancer suicide
reproductive abnormalities
A(n) ________ is a solid aggregation of ________. element; crystals mineral; rocks mineral; crystals rock; minerals crystal; rocks
rock; minerals
Examples of valuable nonmetallic minerals extracted by mining include ________. gold, platinum, and copper sand, gravel, and phosphates lead, cadmium, and mercury radon, radium, and sodium nitrogen, hydrogen, and neon
sand, gravel, and phosphates
What does the left y-axis show? time, in four-year intervals sea surface temperature anomaly, in degrees Celsius sea surface temperature anomaly, in degrees Fahrenheit sea surface temperature, in degrees Celsius incidence of cholera, as a percentage of the normal rate
sea surface temperature anomaly, in degrees Celsius
Between 1700 and 1985, the dominant forest stage on the Yellowstone Plateau progressed from establishment stage to old-growth forest, in a pattern typical of secondary succession. supported not supported cannot be determined from the graph
supported
Prescribed burns would be used in forests ________. that have heavy recreational use to warn people about the dangers of fires plagued with insects as a cheaper alternative to pesticides that have high densities of endangered species, such as tropical rain forests that are subject to severe wild fires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth to convert primary forests into secondary forests
that are subject to severe wild fires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth
Minerals are components of ________. sedimentary rocks organic components of Earth's crust the troposphere the lithosphere soil horizons
the lithosphere
The Pacific "ring of fire" is a volcanic area where ________. there are many earthquakes and active plate boundaries there is severe coastal erosion sedimentary rock is being formed from igneous rock pyroclastic flow has caused landslides there is a great deal of mass wasting
there are many earthquakes and active plate boundaries
A migratory bat species pollinates agave plants in northern Mexico on its way to the southwestern United States where it spends the summer eating insects and reproducing. Farmers spraying pesticides affect these bats, which eat the insects and also feed them to the baby bats. This could be the start of a story about ________. an umbrella species threats to a keystone species an extirpation insect biodiversity sustainable agriculture
threats to a keystone species
For the Afghan people, which of the following would be the most useful benefit from mining profits? training for Afghan mining technicians and establishment of Afghan mining institutes use of the U.S. military to provide security at mines creation of improved roads into and around mining sites for corporate transport and mining machinery establishment of high-end tourist hotels for visiting foreign mine executives and their families permanent enclaves of foreign scientists and mine managers located near mining sites
training for Afghan mining technicians and establishment of Afghan mining institutes
Within which section of a biosphere reserve is agriculture practiced sustainably, in a limited manner? View Available Hint(s) buffer zone Twilight Zone core area transition zone
transition zone
What is the process in which forest plants release water back into the atmosphere? deforestation snag transpiration clear-cutting
transpiration
Fire history in an open pine woodland ecosystem would be best determined by ________. tree ring scars the density of vegetation soil chemistry charcoal in the soil ambient air temperature
tree ring scars
Many environmental advocates believe that biofuel made from palm oil is not an appropriate replacement for fossil fuels such as petroleum because ________. tropical forests must be cleared to plant oil palms human rights are being violated because of the palm oil slave trade burning palm oil actually puts more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than burning gasoline it is better to use palm oil in snack foods oil palm plantations take land away from coffee growers
tropical forests must be cleared to plant oil palms
Currently, what sorts of forests are being lost more rapidly than others? tropical rainforests city forests temperate rainforests boreal forests
tropical rainforests
Drag corridors to the 5 locations that would maximize connectivity between the patches. You can use any combination of north-south and east-west corridors. Drag an X to each of the 5 locations where you do not want a corridor. Labels can be used more than once.
x - - x x x | x | -
Which of the following can help humans mitigate the negative impact of floods? zoning laws to reduce building in flood zones diking rivers banning the requirement for flood insurance damming rivers
zoning laws to reduce building in flood zones
