Ex. 18

Click and drag the following structures in the correct sequence respective to their positions in relation to the nephron. Start with the structure nearest the glomerulus on top and the structure furthest away on the bottom.

#1 Glomerular capsule #2 Proximal convoluted tubule #3 Descending limb of nephron loop #4 Ascending limb of nephron loop #5 Distal convoluted tubule #6 Collecting duct #7 Papillary duct in renal papilla

Click and drag the following structures in the correct sequence respective to their positions in the pathway of urine flow in a male. Start with the structure nearest the papillary duct in the renal papilla on top.

#1 Minor calyx #2 Major calyx #3 Renal pelvis #4 Ureter #5 Ureteral opening #6 Urinary bladder #7 Prostatic urethra #8 Membranous urethra #9 Spongy urethra #10 External urethral orifice

Click and drag the following structures in the correct sequence to indicate their respective positions in the blood pathway within the kidney, beginning with the blood vessel closest to the abdominal aorta.

#1 Renal artery #2 Segmental artery #3 Interlobar artery #4 Arcuate artery #5 Cortical radiate artery #6 Afferent arteriole #7 Glomerulus #8 Efferent arteriole #9 Peritubular capillary (or vasa recta) #10 Cortical radiate vein #11 Arcuate vein #12 Interlobar vein #13 Renal vein

Cortical nephrons represent about __________ of the nephrons.

85%

Which of the following is not a function of the kidney? Regulation of blood pressure Regulation of blood pH Regulation of water and electrolyte concentrations in the blood Secretion of renin and erythropoietin All of these are functions of the kidney.

All of these are functions of the kidney.

The external urethral sphincter is composed of involuntary smooth muscle. T/f

False

Distinguish between a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.

Renal corpuscle- include glomerulus and glomerulus capsule; filtrates Renal tubule- path leading from the capsule to collecting duct

Match the structures of the kidney with their correct descriptions by selecting from the drop-down list.

Renal cortex- Superficial region around the renal medulla Calyces- Extensions of renal pelvis containing urine Renal pyramid- Conical mass of tissue within renal medulla Renal papilla- Projection with tiny openings into a minor calyx Renal sinus- Hollow chamber within kidney Nephron- Microscopic functional subunit of kidney Renal column- Located between renal pyramids Renal pelvis- Superior, funnel-shaped sac at end of ureter inside the renal sinus Hilum of kidney- Medial depression for blood vessels and ureter to enter kidney chamber

Which of the following does not represent one of the processes in urine formation? Secretion of renin Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion

Secretion of renin

What is the functional significance of the diameter difference between these two blood vessels?

The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus. When the afferent arteriole is larger, more blood would flow into the efferent arteriole, resulting in increased blood pressure in the glomerulus. This hydrostatic pressure allows filtration to occur.

Juxtamedullary nephrons represent about __________ of the nephrons.

`15%

Which blood vessel, the afferent arteriole or the efferent arteriole, has the larger diameter?

afferent

If an electron micrograph of a nephron segment revealed very highly developed microvilli, then you are most likely looking at cells of the ____________ .

afferent arteriole.

Glomerular filtrate collects in the ____________ before entering the first portion of the renal tubule, called the ____________ .

capsular space, proximal tubule

Within the kidney, several nephrons merge and empty their forming urine into a common

collecting duct

A blockage in the ____________ would prevent filtrate from reaching the collecting duct.

distal tubule

The renal corpuscle includes the glomerulus and the

glomerular capsule.

The renal corpuscle consists of a capillary called the ____________ and a capsule of epithelial cells.

glomerulus

Nephrons that have very long loops are classified as ____________ nephrons.

juxtamedullary

The microscopic functional unit of the kidney is a

nephron

A virus that specifically attacks ____________ would damage the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule

podocytes

Which structure is highlighted and indicated by the leader line?

renal hilum

When comparing the position of the two kidneys,

the right is slightly inferior to the left

the __________ is the tube from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

ureter

The ___________ is the tube that exits the urinary bladder.

urethra

The trigone is a triangular, funnel-like region of the

urinary bladder