Ex Phys- CH 10 quiz
Research indicates that several months of endurance training results in significant changes in both lung structure and pulmonary function.
False
Research indicates that several months of endurance training results in significant changes in both lung structure and pulmonary function. True False
False
T/F: Research indicates that several months of endurance training results in significant changes in both lung structure and pulmonary function.
False
T/F: The pulmonary system does not limit VO2 max in elite endurance athletes that exhibit exercise-induced hypoxemia.
False
The pulmonary system does not limit VO2 max in elite endurance athletes that exhibit exercise-induced hypoxemia.
False
The central chemoreceptors that influence the control of breathing respond to changes in the
PCO2 and H+ of cerebral spinal fluid
The central chemoreceptors that influence the control of breathing respond to changes in the H+ of mixed venous blood. PCO2 and H+ of cerebral spinal fluid. PO2, pH, and PCO2 of arterial blood. PCO2 and H+ of mixed venous blood.
PCO2 and H+ of cerebral spinal fluid.
An increase in alveolar ventilation (at rest) resulting in hyperventilation will reduce arterial ______ and increase ______. PCO2; pH O2; pH pH; PCO2
PCO2. pH
An increase in alveolar ventilation (at rest) resulting in hyperventilation will reduce arterial ______ and increase ______.
PCO2; pH
According to Dalton's law, the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of pressures of each gas in the mixture.
True
During exercise, a right shift in the oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve insures that more oxygen is unloaded from hemoglobin to the working muscle compared to rest.
True
T/F: Pre-cooling the body before performing prolonged exercise in a hot and humid environment has been shown to significantly improve performance.
True
In healthy and untrained subjects, the alinear rise in minute ventilation observed during incremental exercise (i.e., ventilatory threshold) could be due to
a decrease in arterial pH
In healthy and untrained subjects, the alinear rise in minute ventilation observed during incremental exercise (i.e., ventilatory threshold) could be due to
a decrease in arterial pH.
The alinear rise in ventilation observed during incremental exercise (i.e., ventilatory threshold) is thought to be principally due to
a decrease in arterial pH.
Exercise-induced hypoxemia that may occur in elite endurance athletes during heavy exercise is likely dueto
a diffusion limitation secondary to a rapid red blood cell transit time.
Small changes in arterial PCO2 have ______________ effect on ventilation compared to small changes in PO2.
a greater
At a low PO2, myoglobin has _______________ affinity for O2 than hemoglobin.
a higher
An increase in blood temperature and a decrease in blood pH would result in _____________ in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.
a rightward shift
Studies reveal that ventilation drifts upward during constant-load submaximal exercise performed in a hot and humid environment. This is likely due to
a significant increase in blood temperature
Activation of rectus abdominis muscles would result in
active expiration
Activation of rectus abdominis muscles would result in
active expiration.
According to Fick's law of diffusion, the rate of diffusion of a gas across a tissue is directly proportional to the tissue area. diffusion coefficient of the gas. difference in partial pressure of the gas on the two sides of the tissue. all of these answers are correct
all of these answers are correct
In a healthy individual resting at sea level, which of the following characteristics of arterial blood are correct?
all of these answers are correct
Which of the following statements about myoglobin are true? myoglobin binds oxygen myoglobin shuttles oxygen from the cell membrane to the mitochondria myoglobin exists in relatively large quantities in slow-twitch muscle fibers all of these answers are correct
all of these answers are correct
In a healthy individual resting at sea level, which of the following characteristics of arterial blood are correct? PO2 of approximately 100 mm Hg. oxyhemoglobin saturation of 97-98%. oxygen content of 20 ml O2/100 ml blood. all of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct.
The volume of gas that reaches the gas-exchange zone of the lung is termed
alveolar ventilation
The volume of gas that reaches the gas-exchange zone of the lung is termed anatomical dead space. minute ventilation. alveolar ventilation. tidal volume.
alveolar ventilation
The volume of gas that reaches the gas-exchange zone of the lung is termed
alveolar ventilation.
The volume of gas that reaches the respiratory zone (gas-exchange zone) of the lung is termed
alveolar ventilation.
A decline in arterial PO2 to 70 mm Hg or below would likely result in
an increase in alveolar ventilation
A decline in arterial PO2 to 70 mm Hg or below would likely result in
an increase in alveolar ventilation.
A decline in arterial PO2 to 70 mm Hg or below would likely result in a decrease in alveolar ventilation. an increase in alveolar ventilation. no change in alveolar ventilation. a prolonged breath hold.
an increase in alveolar ventilation.
A decrease in arterial PO2 below 70 mm Hg would likely result in
an increase in alveolar ventilation.
An increase in blood temperature and a decrease in blood pH would result in _____________ in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. a rightward shift a leftward shift no change none of these answers is correct
b WRONG
Carbon dioxide is transported in arterial blood principally as carbaminohemoglobin. dissolved CO2 in solution in the blood. bicarbonate. carbon monoxide.
bicarbonate
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood principally as
bicarbonate.
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs across approximately 300 million alveoli. in the conducting zone. in the respiratory zone. both across approximately 300 million alveoli and in the respiratory zone are correct answers
both across approximately 300 million alveoli and in the respiratory
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs
both across approximately 300 million alveoli and in the respiratory zone are correct answers
Compared to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, the myoglobin dissociation curve _______.
both is much steeper at PO2's below 20 mm Hg and reaches a plateau at a much lower PO2 are correct
The most important muscle of inspiration is/are the
diaphragm
The most important muscle of inspiration is/are the
diaphragm.
In the standing position, blood flow to the base of the lung is ______________ blood flow to the apex.
greater than
Ventilation may drift upward during constant-load submaximal exercise performed in a hot and humid environment due to
higher blood temperature.
Exercise-induced hypoxemia that often occurs in elite endurance athletes during heavy exercise is likely due to
impaired alveolar ventilation resulting in hypoventilation
Exercise-induced hypoxemia that often occurs in elite endurance athletes during heavy exercise is likely due to
impaired alveolar ventilation resulting in hypoventilation.
Exercise-induced asthma could impair pulmonary gas exchange by
increasing airway resistance
Exercise-induced asthma could impair pulmonary gas exchange by reducing blood flow to the lung. lowering the drive to breathe. causing bronchodilation. increasing airway resistance.
increasing airway resistance
Exercise-induced asthma could impair pulmonary gas exchange by
increasing airway resistance.
Exercise-induced asthma would reduce airflow by
increasing airway resistance.
Most of the O2 contained in the blood
is bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin
Most of the O2 contained in the blood exists in solution as a dissolved gas. is bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin. is in the form of carboxyhemoglobin. is in the form of deoxyhemoglobin.
is bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin
Most of the O2 contained in the blood
is bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin.
The term ventilation refers to the
mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs
The term ventilation refers to the
mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
The respiratory control center is located in the
medulla oblongata
The respiratory control center is located in the
medulla oblongata.
The ventilatory central chemoreceptors respond to changes in the
pH of cerebral spinal fluid.
The carotid bodies are chemoreceptors that are sensitive to changes in arterial _______.
pH, PCO2, and PO2
The carotid bodies are chemoreceptors that are sensitive to changes in arterial _______. H+ and K+ concentrations pH, PCO2, and PO2 pH and K+ concentrations PO2 only
pH, PCO2, and PO2
The carotid bodies are chemoreceptors that are sensitive to changes in arterial
pH, PCO2, and PO2.
In a pulmonary function test, a FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.60 is
suggestive of airway obstruction
In a pulmonary function test, a FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.60 is
suggestive of airway obstruction.
A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) ratio of 0.64 would indicate
that blood flow is higher than ventilation in this region of the lung
A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) ratio of 0.64 would indicate
that blood flow is higher than ventilation in this region of the lung.
Most of the O2 that is transported in the blood is in
the form of oxyhemoglobin.
The amount of gas moved per breath is called
tidal volume.
Which of the following is NOT an important function of the pulmonary system? to cool the airways. to provide an interface for gas exchange between the external environment and the body. regulation of acid base balance during exercise. None of these answers is correct
to cool the airways
The primary purpose of the pulmonary system is
to provide an interface for gas exchange.
Myoglobin is a red pigment found in skeletal muscle that serves to
transport O2 from the cell membrane to the mitochondria.
Which of the following statements about pulmonary physiology is correct?
- The PO2 of inspired air at sea level is approximately 159 mm Hg - The percentage of CO2 in the air is 0.0003 - The percentage of O2 in the air at sea level is the same as at high altitude - All of these answers are correct***
In a healthy individual resting at sea level, which of the following characteristics of arterial blood are correct?
- oxyhemoglobin saturation of 97-98% - PO2 of approximately 100 mm Hg - oxygen content of 20 ml O2/100 ml blood - all of these answers are correct***
Which of the following statements about myoglobin are true?
1. myoglobin shuttles oxygen from the cell membrane to the mitochondria 2. myoglobin exists in relatively large quantities in slow-twitch muscle fibers 3. myoglobin binds oxygen
During exercise at sea level, young, healthy untrained subjects generally maintain exercise arterial PO2 within
10-12 mm Hg of resting values
During exercise at sea level, young, healthy untrained subjects generally maintain exercise arterial PO2 within
10-12 mm Hg of resting values.
Under normal conditions at sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli region of the lung is
100 mm Hg
Under normal conditions, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is
100 mmHg.
Under normal conditions at sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli region of the lung is 760 mm Hg. 159 mm Hg. 125 mm Hg. 100 mm Hg.
125 mm hg
A by-product of anaerobic glycolysis in red blood cells that is thought to alter the O2-Hb dissociation curve is
2-3 DPG
A by-product of anaerobic glycolysis in red blood cells that shifts the O2-Hb dissociation curve to the right at high altitude is
2-3 DPG
Under normal conditions, the characteristics of arterial blood include
=PO2 of 100 mmHg. =oxyhemoglobin saturation of 97-98%. = oxygen content of 20 ml O2/100 ml blood.
The primary drive to increase ventilation during exercise is due to input from peripheral chemoreceptors. input from central chemoreceptors. input from skeletal muscle mechanoreceptors. none of these answers is correct
A &B WRONG
At a low PO2, myoglobin has _______________ affinity for O2 than hemoglobin. a higher a lower the same none of these answers is correct
A higher
Studies reveal that ventilation drifts upward during constant-load submaximal exercise performed in a hot and humid environment. This is likely due to a lower arterial PO2. a higher arterial PCO2. a significant increase in blood temperature. all of these answers are correct.
A significance increase in blood temperature
