Exam 1 BIOL 1082 Connect Questions

A motor protein that functions alongside actin to allow for cell movement is __________.

A motor protein that functions alongside actin to allow for cell movement is myosin.

Although they provide cells with structure, the fibers of the cytoskeleton assemble and disassemble ________ and result in cells changing shape from one moment to the next.

Although they provide cells with structure, the fibers of the cytoskeleton assemble and disassemble rapidly and result in cells changing shape from one moment to the next.

The enzymes found in the lysosomes degrade lipids exclusively.

False

The inner membrane of chloroplasts and mitochondria is likely derived from the cell membrane of the host.

False

After products leave the endoplasmic reticulum, they head to the ______ for further processing, modification, and repackaging.

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that arise from the

Golgi apparatus.

In the inner layer of the membrane, the _______ head points inward towards the internal environment.

In the inner layer of the membrane, the hydrophilic head points inward towards the internal environment.

In the outer layer of the membrane, the _______ head points outward towards the external environment.

In the outer layer of the membrane, the hydrophilic head points outward towards the external environment.

Select the facts that support the endosymbiotic theory.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes. Mitochondria are about the same size as most bacteria.

Molecules like _____ can move across membranes easily, but other molecules like _____ require energy to pass through.

Molecules like water can move across membranes easily, but other molecules like sugar require energy to pass through.

Molecules of ______ are embedded within the membrane to give it fluidity, and _______ are embedded within the membrane to aid in the transport of molecules.

Molecules of cholesterol are embedded within the membrane to give it fluidity, and proteins are embedded within the membrane to aid in the transport of molecules.

Often referred to as the "bones and muscles" of an animal cell, the cytoskeleton functions in _____, such as vesicle transport of materials, and ________, determining a cell's shape.

Often referred to as the "bones and muscles" of an animal cell, the cytoskeleton functions in movement, such as vesicle transport of materials, and support, determining a cell's shape.

Once the proteins and lipids are modified, the _____________ sorts and packages them into new ____________ to be transported to their new destination.

Once the proteins and lipids are modified, the Golgi apparatus sorts and packages them into new vesicles to be transported to their new destination.

Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes located on the __________________, while lipids are synthesized by the __________________________.

Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while lipids are synthesized by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

The ______________, which can be thought of as a transfer station, receives the ___________ and modifies them as they move through the stacks fo flattened saccules.

The Golgi apparatus, which can be thought of as a transfer station, receives the vesicles and modifies them as they move through the stacks fo flattened saccules.

The cell membrane is composed of a ________ bilayer.

The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

The cytoskeleton is made of three types of protein fibers: __________ ___________, which serve to support the cell itself; __________ ____________, which serve to support the nucleus and plasma membrane; and __________, which serve to maintain the shape of the cell and aid in organelle movement.

The cytoskeleton is made of three types of protein fibers: actin filaments, which serve to support the cell itself; intermediate filaments, which serve to support the nucleus and plasma membrane; and microtubules, which serve to maintain the shape of the cell and aid in organelle movement.

These membranes form ___________ to transport these newly synthesized proteins and lipids to other parts of the cell.

These membranes form vesicles to transport these newly synthesized proteins and lipids to other parts of the cell.

This means that there are ______ layers of ________.

This means that there are two layers of phospholipids.

This means the ______ tails point toward each other in the center of the plasma membrane.

This means the hydrophobic tails point toward each other in the center of the plasma membrane.

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNA, similar to that of prokaryotes.

True

Lysosomes function in the destruction and recycling of old organelles.

True

Two other motor proteins, __________ and dynein, move along microtubules to help with organelle movement.

Two other motor proteins, kinesin and dynein, move along microtubules to help with organelle movement.

Generally speaking, what is an endosymbiont?

a microorganism that lives within another cell, performing specific functions for its host

Red blood cells put in a hypotonic solution will

be destroyed by hemolysis.

Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily?

both CO2 and water will easily pass through

Facilitated diffusion requires

carrier proteins

Mitochondria

carries out cellular respiration abundant in human muscle cells found in plant and animal cells

Red blood cells are also called

erythrocytes

The lysosome contains ________ enzymes.

hydrolytic

Human erythrocytes function best in a

isotonic solution

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic medium will

lose water.

Red blood cells in an isotonic solution are

lozenge shaped.

Chloroplasts

not found in animal cells contain chlorophyl ultimate source of food for living things carrys out photosynthesis

Which of the following cells would be expected to contain the most active lysosomes?

phagocytosing white blood cell

Place the following organelles of the endomembrane system in the order they are used in the synthesis, packaging, and the export of proteins.

ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum, transport vesicle, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicle, plasma membrane

Red blood cells put in a hypertonic solution will

shrivel and become crenated.

Osmosis is best defined as the movement of

water molecules across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.