Exam 1- Chapter 4

The ___________ is the term researchers use to characterize the overall collection of national, state and local governments in the United States.

intergovernmental system

the right of municipal governments to enact their own legislation in certain administrative areas.

home rule

A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service that maintains a minimum national standard is called a(n)

mandate

According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is

plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end (establishing a national bank)

Suppose Congress funds elementary education by giving states a grant. The states may then designate the specific educational programs (elementary, secondary or vocational) to receive the funds. This is an example of a _________ grant.

block

In response to the use of national mandates and restraints that have become so dominant, theorists have developed a new theory known as _____ federalism.

coercive

The ___________ gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states.

commerce clause

The constitution expressly gives the federal government the power to _____________ within the states.

create a postal system

The Great Depression represented a shift away from __________ and toward

dual federalism; cooperative federlism

The "necessary and proper" clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution is an example of a(n) "__________ clause."

elastic

In the last 200 years, Congress has tremendously increased the scope of the national government by using

elastic clause & enumerated powers

Two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people

federalism

a power NOT specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried our is called

implied power

According to the text, one could see the rise of coercive federalism as simply shifting the pluralist struggle from

state capitals to Washington DC

Conflicts related to power-sharing between states and the national government are settled by

the supreme court

The complexity of the American federal system encourages

pluralism

In Dred Scott, the Supreme Court decided that Congress had no power to

prohibit slavery

The national government has come to rely increasingly on its _______ power to shape state policies.

regulatory

A(n) _____ forbids state governments from exercising certain powers.

restraint

A government unit created to perform particular functions, such as fire protection and water purification and distribution is known as a(n)

special district

supreme court favored what in different time lines

1995-present: states rights 1930-1995: expansion of national authority

dual federalism

-national government limited by constitutional purposes -each unit is sovereign within its sphere -tension

amendment dealing with proponent of states rights and enumerated powers

10th

The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote

cooperative federalism

types of categorical grants

formula and project grants

submitting redistricting plans to the Justice Department for approval.

preclearance

The power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes complete or partial responsibility for a state government function is known as

preemption

The power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes complete or partial responsibility for a state government function is known as

preemtion

The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as

redistricting... lines are drawn by state legislators

The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that

there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause.