exam 1 - cog & affective bases of behavior
affect as feedback principle (clore & schiller)
helps us evaluate what type of cognitive processing to use
affective primacy hypothesis
- emotional evaluation before semantic (meaning) - cortex responds before conscious awareness of stimuli (affective priming) - No evidence that evaluation (emotion) separate from (or before) meaning/semantic
affective immediacy principle
current affect attributed to present situation
Affect as information hypothesis
emotion (affect) provides explicit and implicit feedback for cognition (appraisal) ("is this a threat based on my emotion) - direct & indirectly helpus us understand, appraise & informs devision/responses
Affective Independence Hypothesis
emotion and cognition are processed separately --- NOT well supported, they are interdependent
Clore & Schiller: Core Affect as Information
- evolutionary roots of emotion (core affect) -arousal & valence/ pleasantness as fostering very responses - affect as cognitive information (quick, unconscious, nearly automatic) - via evaluation (appraisal) - language as inherently evaluative, connoting valence to others - social expression of emotion via language & expressions - focus on situations (longer term) mood states may impact this process - aka how do affective reactions influence evaluative judgement? -affective judgment principle: current mood applied to object/situation -bad weather and negative mood, esp when not aware of mood
Lai et al. 2012: is cognition or affect processed first?
- ontology: classifying something by its category, uses semantic processing - affective primacy hypothesis: emotion before eval/appraisal - quickest when the context is affective for words - NOT true for images - congitive (non affective primacy hypothesis: evaluation/appraisal (classification of stimuli) before emotions -semantic processing of objects first when the context is non affective - not true for words - which is correct: DEPENDS on context and type of stimuli , neither thoery more true
Affective Automaticity Hypothesis
- strong stimuli direct attention and evaluation automatically (hard-wired) - but deliberate attention required even for basic emotion (like fear) - "low route" - quick, amygdala/thalamus for fear - still requires cognition (cortex involvement) to identify & respond to stimuli
positive affect + cheater merch (Arod/armstrong)
negative reaction to merch --> increases intensity/confidence in evaluation (either post or negative)
Fredrickson's Broaden and Build Model
positive moods - top down, relational, category level, global thinking - broad attention, more creative, less influenced by persuasion - undoing impact of neg affect, increased dopamine - BUT more susceptible to priming, stereotypes/heuristic, false memory negative moods - bottom up, item level, local thinking, skeptical (stop) thinking - narrowing attention/focus (anxiety, sadness) - reject weak arguments, endorse strong
