Exam 1- Community Health

Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th century

Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs

What are some statements that indicate an understanding of caring for clients of various cultures

"The focus is on understanding the traditions, beliefs, and values of a client's culture" "I will be aware of my own cultural background and beliefs when attending to clients who belong to different cultures"

Which questions asked by the novice nurse would be the most reflective of an understanding of the role of a public health nurse

"Which groups are at the greatest risk for problems?"

How should a nurse resolve an ethical dilemma

1. Gather information from multiple sources 2. Examine their own values critically to formulate an opinion regarding the matter 3. verbalize the problem and hold discussion on issue 4. Evaluating the outcome of the plan of action overtime

What are the steps of the COPHC approach

1. establish rapport 2. defining and characterizing the community 3. identify and prioritize the community health needs (may include meeting with local health providers)

Which statement best describes community based nursing

A practice in which care is provided for individuals and families

Which public health nurse most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role

The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies

What is community-based care

providing individual care for patients in a community setting. Performing the job of a nurse in a community setting Focus: illness care of individuals and families across the lifespan

Which action would the public health nurse take to enhance primary prevention efforts in the described community -lower incomes -high rate of pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents -sidewalks in poor condition -No access to trails for physical activities such as walking or biking

Advocate to local community leaders to prioritize the area for infrastructure improvements

Making sure that the essential community- oriented health services are available defines which of the core public health functions

Assurance

What role is the nurse expected to have in a community-based nursing practice if there is a sudden spread of malaria

Epidemiologist

Which role is the nurse expected to have in a community-based nursing practice if there is a sudden spread of malaria

Epidemiologist

Which step would a nurse new to a population health role in a local community take initially when using a community-oriented primary health care approach (COPHC) to design and deliver health services

Establish rapport and trust with the local population

Which ethical principles govern the nurses behavior when making difficult decisions about a clients care at the point of care

Clinical ethics

What is the American nurses association (ANA)

Code of ethics which reviews and revises the code regularly to reflect changes in practice.

Which intervention would reflect an organizational-level approach to help prevent development of COPD

Collaborate with local employers to develop smoke and tobacco free workplaces

What is assessment

systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the population's health status, and making information available about the health of the community

What is the difference between the deontological and utilitarian system of ethics

Difference is the focus on outcomes. Utilitarianism takes into the consideration the usefulness of an action and measures the effect that act will have. Deontology look to the presence of principles regardless of the outcome or consequences

What are activities that reflect secondary prevention interventions in relation to health promotion

Encouraging regular dental checkups, teaching the procedure for breast examination

Two clients in the same medical facility receive differing levels of care due to the lack of financial resources of the family of one of the clients. The nurse in charge tries to resolve the the ethical dilemma at hand. The nurse collects all relevant information regarding the problem from multiple sources. Which action would the nurse take next?

Examine own values regarding the issue at hand based on the information obtained

How can one describe the characteristics of the secondary level of prevention

Focus on individuals who are ill or have health problems and are in danger of developing further complications or worsening conditions (think early detection) Focus on individuals with health problems and illnesses, activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt interventions, includes screening techniques and treating diseases at early stages

What is tertiary prevention

Focused on interventions that prevent complete disability or reduce the severity of a disorder or its associated disabilities

What does community health nursing primarily focus on?

Health care of individuals, families, and groups in a community

Which services do community health centers provide in preventative and primary care services?

Health screenings, physical assessments, disease management

When talking to a women's group at the senior citizens' center, the nurse reminded them that the only way the center would be able to afford to provide transportation services for them would be for them to continue to write letters to their local city council representatives requesting funding for such a service. What was the nurse trying to accomplish through this action?

Help the women engage in political action

Describe case management

Improving care coordination and reducing service fragmentation for individuals and families

What is the role of the legislative branch

Makes laws

The nurse is caring for a child whose parents refuse a life-saving surgery for the child stating that surgeries are against their belief system. Which step would the nurse take first to resolve this ethical dilemma

Obtain information from the child, the parents, healthcare workers, and other sources

According to the social-ecological model, what do organization level interventions target

Policies, rules and regulations at community organizations

What is primary prevention

Precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to clients considered physically and emotionally healthy (health education programs, immunizations and physical and nutritional fitness activities are examples)

What are the levels of prevention

Primary, secondary and tertiary

In which way is public health nursing different from community health nursing

Public health nursing focuses on a population

What is public health nursing versus community health nursing

Public health nursing focuses on a population or a collection of individuals who have one or more personal, or environmental characteristics in common, whereas community health nursing has a primary focus on the healthcare of individuals, families and groups in a community.

Which action would the nurse take when implementing a tertiary preventive program for cognitively challenged children

Teach children how to feed themselves

Which agencies have the power to implement Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement

The Joint Commision National Committee for Quality Assurance

What are social determinants of health

The conditions in the environment where people are born, live, work, play worship and age that can impact health

What is the basic assumption stated by healthy people 2030 as it relates to public health efforts

The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community

Which agencies have the power to implement medicare and medicaid reimbursement

The joint commission (TJC), national committee for quality assurance (NCQA), community health accreditation program (CHAP), accreditation commission for health care (ACHC)

Which goal is the main focus of community health nursing

To improve quality health in a population

A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse

To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health care benefits

Which statement best describes the goal of community oriented nursing

To preserve, protect, promote or maintain health and prevent disease

What are some examples of international healthcare organizations

United nations WHO

Which of the following actions would most likely be preformed by a public health nurse?

Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment

What are the core functions of public health

assessment, policy development, and assurance

What is community oriented nursing and what is the goal

broader focus. Focus is on the health care of entire communities or populations as well as the health care of individuals, families, and groups (exist in primary prevention of pyramid) GOAL: to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore, and protect health for the community and the population within in

What is policy development

efforts to develop policies that support the health of the population including using a scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions

What is the role of the executive branch

enforces laws

What is the focus of public health nursing

focuses on a population or a collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common

What is population health

health of population as a whole including the distribution of health outcomes and disparities in the population

What are essential health benefits

health services deemed necessary, relatively similar in different countries (ex. in the US, ambulance, emergency services, hospitalization, pregnancy, lab services...)

Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing?

healthcare of communities and populations

What is the role of the judicial branch

judges laws (and people who violate them)

What is assurance

making sure that essential community oriented health services are available

What is population health management

prevent disease and disability and promote and protect the community as a whole