exam 1 envs

aquatic ecosystems because top consumers live much longer than producers.

A reverse biomass pyramid is typical of

nitrogen fixation

The majority of the air we breathe is composed of diatomic nitrogen. Unfortunately, most of that gas cannot be used by living organisms in this state. It must be converted into a usable form in a process called ____________, a process that is primarily carried out by bacteria but can also result from lightning.

carrying capacity

The maximum population of a particular species that an ecosystem can support without that ecosystem being negatively impacted, such as the maximum number of rabbits that can live in a forest without a massive loss of vegetation is known as the __________ of that ecosystem.

critical number

The minimum number of individuals of a species required to sufficiently maintain a population of that species, such as the minimum number of wolves needed in an ecosystem in order to have a healthy population of wolves is known as the __________.

Eumaeus atala

Which one of the following is a proper scientific name of an organism?

true

. Biodiversity has three components: species diversity, genetic diversity in species, and ecosystem diversity.

climatic conditions, especially temperature and moisture.

. The main categories of biomes are based on differences in component organisms' response to

hypothesis

1. You observe a flowing artesian well during a vacation trip. You ask yourself, "How does the water flow out of the ground without needing to be pumped out?" You decide that this must happen because there is higher pressure underground forcing out the water. This assessment is your

False

A J-shaped growth curve indicates a population that has achieved a dynamic balance between biotic potential and environmental resistance.

region will naturally recover and eventually become forest again

About 10% of a large forest experienced a severe fire that burned all but the largest trees. Soon after the fire, the landowner consulted biologists to ask what should be done to the burned region. The biologists explained that if the landowner does nothing, the

to allow for uncertainties, it should be much lower than MSY.

According to the "precautionary principle", how should the total allowable catch relate to maximum sustained yield (MSY)?

false

Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and may produce methane gas (CH4).

loss of natural services

At the mouth of the Mississippi River in Louisiana, the loss of coastal wetlands due to human activities contributed to the severity of storm damage caused by recent and severe hurricanes. This loss of coastal wetlands therefore represents a

N2

Bacterial denitrification is an anaerobic process that converts NO3 - to __________.

6CO2

Complete the following reaction of cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 →__________+ 6H2O

C2H12O6

Complete the following reaction of photosynthesis: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → _________________ + 6 O2

a detritus-feeding decomposer feeding on the wastes of a consumer eating a producer.

Dung beetles feeding on the waste of cattle grazing on hay in a field represent

A) one trophic level does not consume the entire trophic level below it. B) some of the calories consumed drive cellular activities and do not add mass C) some ingested materials are undigested and eliminated. .... ALL OF THE ABOVE

Energy is lost as it moves from one trophic level to the next because

use the energy of sunlight or inorganic chemicals to manufacture organic molecules.

Green plants and chemoautotrophic organisms are classified as producers because they:

500

If the carrying capacity for a population of fish is 1000 fish, _______fish should be harvested to achieve maximum sustainable yield (MSY).

microscopic algae in the water.

In a lake, resources would include

false

In general, the optimal population for harvesting the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is at the carrying capacity of the population.

false

In most energy conversions, entropy decreases as heat is released during the conversion.

true

Invasive species can be disruptive in a new ecosystem because the native species have not evolved with these organisms.

false

Methane (CH4) is an inorganic molecule because it has no C-C bond.

food web.

Nutrients cycle through plants, animals and soil in an ecosystem. Scientifically, the combination of all the feeding relationships that exist in an ecosystem is called

true

Nutrients essential for plant growth are mostly returned to the soil by decomposers.

silent spring

Rachel Carson's book ______________________ describes the environmental effects of _________.

limiting factors

Reducing the input of inorganic nitrogen to University Lake is expected to result in a decrease in the abundance of algae in the lake. If this happens, it would be an example of the law of ____________.

Acclimation

Several million years ago, North American foxes were a single species. However, the fox population became separated into geographically isolated sub-populations during periods of glaciation, and eventually the high-latitude and temperate-latitude sub-populations became distinct species with characteristics best suited to the environments in which they lived. This evolution of two species from a single species is an example of which ones of the following?

reduces intraspecific fighting and ensures adequate resources for some members of a species.

Territoriality

precautionary

The ___________principal requires that resource managers must favor resource protection where there is uncertainty.

habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, population, and overexploitation.

The acronym HIPPO identifies the five major factors contributing to extinction today. These are

energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another.

The first law of thermodynamics states that

a steady biotic potential but decreased environmental resistance.

The grasshopper population in a prairie is limited in large part by the number of birds in the region. Following a terrible storm that killed many of the birds, the grasshopper population exhibits exponential growth. This happens because the grasshoppers experienced

it is expensive and inefficient to get most of your dietary calories from meats.

The information of an energy pyramid reveals that

intrinsic values.

The philosophy of the Endangered Species Act primarily reflects

top-down and bottom-up population regulation.

The relationship between the moose and wolf populations on Isle Royal reveal

stewardship.

The statement, "The Earth was not given to you by your parents, it was lent to you from your children" best reflects

sustainability.

The term that applies to whether or not a process can be continued indefinitely is

too many users of a resource

The tragedy of the commons is a result of

true

Threatened and endangered species receive special protection from human activities such as hunting and habitat destruction because these activities are density dependent.

true

Wetland ecosystems are determined by depth, salinity, and permanence of water and fall into two general categories: coastal (tidal) and inland (non-tidal).

tropical rainforest.

What type of biome would you expect to find in a region where temperatures are warm and precipitation is abundant year round?

natural resources (goods) and services provided by ecosystems.

Which of the following best describes ecosystem capital?

They are transitional regions between ecosystems and may contain unique species

Which of the following best describes ecotones?

all the plants, animals, and microbes in a geographic area.

Which of the following describes a biotic community?