Exam 1
Which statement is most accurate regarding temperatures at a given latitude in marine environments versus continental environments?
Compared to marine environments, continental environments are colder in winter and warmer in summer.
Which of the following properties of a globe is incorrect?
Due to the slight flattening of the earth in polar regions, parallels increase in length as one nears the pole
The term "geography" was reportedly coined by which Greek scientist?
Eratosthenes
The relationship between the size of an area on a map and its actual size on the earth's surface is called the
Map Scale
Which of the following are NOT air mass source regions?
Maritime polar and marine west coast
The stage in the demographic transition model in which the death rate and the birth rate remain at low levels is
Stage 4
Which of the following does NOT describe a characteristic of world population distribution?
The majority of the world's population resides in developing countries of the Southern Hemisphere
Which of the following explains why there are significantly more males than females in some regions of the world, including south and west Asia?
There is a cultural preference for males that has meant neglect and death for girls.
The demographic transition model was developed to explain the population history of:
Western Europe
The landform often formed at the mouth of a heavily silted stream is called
a delta
The separation of South America from Africa was caused by
a divergent plate boundary in the mid-Atlantic Ocean.
Which of the following distance measures refers to absolute distance?
a one-mile walk
When real estate agents say that "location matters," they are referring t
a relative location.
Which one of the following locations in the world is most associated with the greatest concentrations of population
continental margins in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere
Typical summer storms or showers in tropical and continental climates are a type of ___________ precipitation
convectional
What type of precipitation is caused by air being heated at the surface of the earth?
convectional
Rainfall is caused by
cooling of saturated air.
The circulation of winds in the Northern Hemisphere is
counterclockwise around lows, clockwise around highs
A zone of subduction is associated with the occurrence of
deep-sea trenches and mountain ranges.
The systematic study of human population is
demography
Spatial interaction is affected by
distance, accessibility, and connectivity.
The portions of the earth's surface permanently inhabited by humans make up the
ecumene.
Geographic information systems:
emphasize the use of the map as a means of information storage
The line that encircles the globe halfway between the poles, perpendicular to the axis, is the
equator
Which of the following groups contains processes caused only by mechanical weathering?
frost action, root action, development of salt crystals
The first step in developing a GIS is to create a digital record of geographic information known as a:
geographic database
When neither the Northern nor the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the noon sun's vertical rays are felt at
he equator.
A pressure gradient force causes winds to flow from
high pressure areas to low pressure areas
Absolute location:
is a precise position on the surface of the globe.
What type of map symbol do contour lines represent
isoline
The system of angular measurement for specifying a location north or south of the equator is known as:
latitude
The angle of the sun's rays at a given time and date is most influenced by a location's
latitude.
The Coriolis effect means that wind appears to deflect toward the
left in the Southern Hemisphere and toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere.
A relatively new remote sensing technology that utilizes an airborne laser to transmit light out to an object is known as:
lidar
Karst topography is created by chemical weathering of ___________ rocks.
limestone
Fine-grained, windblown silt deposits are known as
loess
Which of the following is a wind-deposited material?
loess
An intrusive igneous rock is formed from
magma that cools slowly beneath the earth's surface.
The Richter scale
measures the energy released by an earthquake
The breaking up of rock by freezing and thawing is the result of
mechanical weathering
Which of the following rock types is formed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions within the earth's crust acting on the other two major types of rocks?
metamorphic
The theory of continental drift was formulated because
of the remarkable fit of the continents.
Geography as a discipline
originated in ancient Greek interest in the nature of the universe and the varying character of the known parts of the earth
The type of precipitation that is associated with hills and mountains is called
orographic.
Geographically, a hurricane is most likely to develop
over warm ocean waters.
The breakup of rock into smaller fragments of the same material is called
physical weathering.
Total population divided by arable land, which provides an expression of population pressure exerted on agricultural land, gives
physiological density
When the average total fertility rate of a population drops to the replacement level,
population continues to grow for a generation or more.
Even with a total fertility rate of 2.1, some countries may experience continued increase in the number of people due to ______
population or demographic momentum
Energy from the sun is transformed into heat
primarily at the earth's surface and secondarily in the atmosphere.
Which of the following characteristics of a population is not evident from a population pyramid?
race structure
Zero population growth (ZPG)
refers to an exact equation of births and deaths
The attributes of a place
represent the current state of continuing processes of change and development.
The most important erosional agent is
running water.
The ratio between the measurement of something on the map and the corresponding measurement on the earth is known as
scale
Which group of coastal features exists as the result of erosion by sea waves?
sea cliffs, headlands, embayments
Rapid increases in life expectancy are characteristic of the __________ stage of the demographic cycle.
second
Coal and petroleum occur in the group of rocks classified as
sedimentary
If a map is called conformal, then it is correct in terms of:
shape
Which is NOT a likely consequence of global warming?
shorter growing seasons
A temperature inversion is of concern in Los Angeles becaus
smog can increase to dangerous levels in the stagnant air.
Which of the following landforms results mainly from the effect of mass wasting or mass movement
talus
The amount of incoming solar radiation available at various places on the earth depends mainly on
the angle at which the sun's rays strike the earth and the number of daylight hours.
An example of a formal region is
the area of France where the Breton language is spoken.
Total fertility rates refer to:
the average number of children that would be born to each woman at the current year's rate for women that age
The word geography is derived from Greek words meaning
the description of the earth.
Which one of the following best identifies the cultural landscape?
the natural landscape as modified by human occupancy
As geographers use the term, scale tells us
the relationship between earth distance and map distance.
Geography is BEST described as
the study of how and why human and physical attributes vary from place to place on the surface of the earth
Reductions in death rates globally can be attributed to:
the use of antibiotics, vaccinations and pesticides
General purpose maps that depict the shape and elevation of terrain, and usually portray the surface features of relatively small areas, are known as:
topographic maps
The Fujita scale is used to measure the strength of
tornadoes.
Geography differs from disciplines such as geology, meteorology, and cultural anthropology in that it
uses data from related disciplines to study spatial relationships.
The statement "1 inch to 1 mile" is an example of what type of scale?
verbal
The major volcanic belt is located near the major earthquake and fault zones because
volcanoes, earthquakes, and faults tend to be concentrated at or near plate boundaries.
Each time zone extends across approximately how many degrees of longitude?
15
Which of the following representative fractions would show the most detail on a map?
1:24,000
What total fertility rate is required to just replace the world's existing population?
2.1
Which of the following are correct latitude and longitude coordinates?
45 degrees South, 120 degrees East
If sea level temperature is 100°F, what is the temperature at an altitude of 10,000 feet? (Use the lapse rate.)
65°F
The distance between each degree of latitude is approximately:
69 miles
The continent with the highest total fertility rates overall is
Africa
A bronze marker fixed in the ground and represented by a small x on a topographic map is known as a:
Benchmark
A set of imaginary lines that intersect at right angles to form a system of reference for locating points on the surface of the earth is known as the:
Geographic Grid
By 2050, which country is projected to surpass China as the worlds most populated country?
India
The essence of a geographical information system (GIS) is
Information Layering
Which of the following is not true of the natural landscape?
It determines how people live in a particular place
Which of the following statements about karst topography is NOT true?
It is found in arid regions.
The Malthusian theory is based on which of the following assumptions?
Population tends to increase more rapidly than do the food supplies to support that population.
Human systems in geography include
Population, political, cultural
Monsoon circulations occur most noticeably in
South and Southeast Asia
A street address is an example of
absolute location.
The location of Chicago at 41° 49' N latitude and 87° 37' W longitude is an example of
absolute location.
Since humans are the active agents in human-environmental interactions, people in general
are frequently unmindful of the dangers of inappropriate environmental exploitation.
A choropleth map and a cartogram are both examples of the portrayal of geographic information based on:
area symbols
Which type of map projection shows true directions from one central point to all other points?
azimuthal
In the Northern Hemisphere, the trade winds blow
between the subtropical high and equatorial low
The theory of the demographic transition holds that
both birth and death rates decrease with urbanization
What are the three processes in which diastrophism is involved?
broad warping, folding, faulting