Exam 1 OB trans

The nurse is counseling a female patient diagnosed with anovulation as a cause of infertility. Which information does the nurse provide to the patient? Select all that apply. 1. Methods for dietary planning 2. Consultation for myomectomy 3. Refrain from unprotected sex 4. Surgical correction of fallopian tubes 5. Instructions for clomiphene citrate

1. Methods for dietary planning 5. Instructions for clomiphene citrate

The telephone triage nurse receives a call from a patient who is 5 days postoperative total abdominal hysterectomy. The patient states that her pain is not relieved with the medications and that she has noticed blood in her urine. The nurse instructs the patient to report immediately to the emergency department. What does the nurse suspect as the surgical complication? 1. Possible complication related to the anesthesia 2. Possible injury to the ureters or bladder 3. Possible hemorrhage from the internal incision 4. Possible peritoneal venous thromboembolism

2. Possible injury to the ureters or bladder This is correct. Bloody urine and unmanaged pain could indicate a ureter injury from the surgery.

The nurse is providing education to the patient that is receiving a bisphosphate medication for osteoporosis. Which instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan to reduce side effects and enhance absorption while taking bisphosphates? Select all that apply. 1. Take the medication with a small meal at the same time. 2. Take the medication with at least 8 oz. of water. 3. Remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking a dose. 4. Take the medication on an empty stomach. 5. Take the medication with a calcium supplement.

2. Take the medication with at least 8 oz. of water. 3. Remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking a dose. 4. Take the medication on an empty stomach.

The nurse is providing postoperative care to a patient who underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy 12 hours ago. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions? Select all that apply. 1. Assist the patient with ambulation. 2. Maintain the Foley catheter for 48 to 72 hours postoperatively. 3. Monitor intake and output and characteristics of urine. 4. Maintain bedrest while taking narcotic pain medications. 5. Initiate antiembolism therapy as ordered.

1. Assist the patient with ambulation. 3. Monitor intake and output and characteristics of urine. 5. Initiate antiembolism therapy as ordered.

A patient arrives to the family practice clinic for her annual examination. The nurse's assessment data includes thin, 35-year-old female, history of weight loss surgery and total hysterectomy, BMI is 19, patient has been taking corticosteroids for severe asthma. Which of the following is an expected diagnostic screening for a potential health problem? 1. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan 2. Serum electrolyte levels and vitamin D 3. Serum cholesterol and diabetic screening. 4. Papanicolaou (Pap) Smear

1. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan This is correct. The dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is indicated for this patient because she has the following risk factors: corticosteroid use, low BMI, and surgical menopause.

A college-aged female patient states that she understands the risk of sexual assault with overdrinking. She asks the nurse what health risks are associated with excessive alcohol intake for her age. What diseases or conditions should the nurse include in her response? Select all that apply. 1. Infertility 2. Cancer of mouth 3. Hypertension 4. Brain shrinkage 5. Osteoporosis

1. Infertility 2. Cancer of mouth 4. Brain shrinkage

The nurse is preparing to teach the community about risk factors for the second most common cancer of the female reproductive system. Which of the following groups of women are at higher risk for this cancer? Select all that apply. 1. Menopausal women with an intact uterus who receive hormonal therapy 2. Women who have undergone treatment for breast cancer 3. Women who have many pregnancies and nursed their infants 4. Women who smoke and have many sexual partners 5. Women with a long-standing history of polycystic ovarian syndrome

1. Menopausal women with an intact uterus who receive hormonal therapy 2. Women who have undergone treatment for breast cancer 5. Women with a long-standing history of polycystic ovarian syndrome

The nurse is assessing a 25-year-old female patient when the patient becomes tearful. The patient states that she has thin milky discharge from her nipples and two small masses on her left breast. She has lost over 40 pounds in the past year due to intensive exercises and finds that she needs to wear a sports bra during her sessions. The patient states that she is afraid that she will become the first member of her family to have breast cancer. Besides a negative mammogram, what other symptoms would correlate with this being a benign finding? Select all that apply. 1. Milky discharge from nipples 2. Extensive weight loss 3. Painful masses 4. Mood swings 5. Multiple masses

1. Milky discharge from nipples 3. Painful masses 5. Multiple masses

The nurse is assessing a 42-year-old patient who presents to the gynecology office with complaints of pelvic pressure, backaches, menorrhagia, and urinary frequency. The health care provider has diagnosed the patient with leiomyoma of the uterus. What are the treatment options for this condition? Select all that apply. 1. Routine pelvic examinations to assess rate of disease process 2. Oral contraceptives to control the bleeding and pain 3. Myomectomy for women who desire pregnancy 4. Hysterectomy for women who do not desire pregnancy 5. Antibiotic therapy with NSAIDS for symptom management

1. Routine pelvic examinations to assess rate of disease process 3. Myomectomy for women who desire pregnancy 4. Hysterectomy for women who do not desire pregnancy

The nurse is providing education on the prevention of heart disease for adult females ages 35 to 44 years old. Which of the following would be most appropriate for this disease process? Select all that apply. 1. Taking a brisk walking for 50 minutes three times a week 2. Consuming a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains 3. Obtaining a varicella vaccine, if no evidence of immunity 4. Recognizing the importance of smoking cessation 5. Taking calcium supplements, if lactose intolerant

1. Taking a brisk walking for 50 minutes three times a week 2. Consuming a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains 4. Recognizing the importance of smoking cessation

. A 32-year-old female patient arrives to the emergency department with heavy uterine bleeding. The nurse finds that the patient had a positive pregnancy test 1 month prior to the visit. What is the potential medical management for this patient's issue? 1. Endometrial biopsy 2. Dilation and curettage 3. Colposcopy 4. Laparoscopy

2. Dilation and curettage This is correct. The patient may be experiencing an incomplete abortion and will need the remnants of the pregnancy removed.

A 55-year-old postmenopausal female patient presents to the family practice clinic for her annual examination. The nurse notes that the patient has lost inch in height. Upon further investigation, the nurse discovers that the patient has a slow-healing fracture of the left radius. What screening will most likely be initiated at this time for the patient? 1. Assessment for domestic violence 2. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan 3. Follicle-stimulating hormone 4. Serum levels of calcium and vitamin D

2. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan This is correct. The postmenopausal patient has experienced height loss and has a fracture. This indicates a need to screen for osteoporosis.

The nurse is providing care to the adult female patient who presents to the emergency department with a suspected myocardial infarction (MI). Which symptom indicates a possible MI for the female patient? 1. Chest pain that radiates to the right arm and jaw 2. Episodic nausea/indigestion and palpitations 3. Sudden onset of trouble walking, and loss of balance 4. Swelling of the feet and shortness of breath

2. Episodic nausea/indigestion and palpitations This is correct. Often, the female patient will experience gastrointestinal issues as a sign of a MI and will often ignore these symptoms, believing them to be heartburn.

The nurse is assembling data for an education session at the local women's shelter. The majority of the guests at the shelter are 25- to 35-year-old American Indian women with young children. What is the leading cause of death for this population? 1. Situational depression 2. Risk-taking behaviors 3. Poor prenatal care 4. Poor dietary choices

2. Risk-taking behaviors This is correct. This could increase the likelihood for accidents, such as not wearing seat belts. Native American women have a high risk for death from accidents at this age.

The nurse is counseling a patient regarding pregnancy. The patient lost her first two pregnancies in the second trimester of gestation for undetermined reasons. Which initial advice does the nurse provide for this patient? 1. Consider adoption. 2. Seek genetic studies. 3. Plan for fertility tests. 4. Attend grief counseling

2. Seek genetic studies. This is correct. Following two spontaneous abortions, the nurse initially suggests genetic studies in order to identify any genetic factors that may have caused the loss of previous pregnancies.

What is the common risk factor for hypertension, abnormal menstrual cycles, osteoarthritis, and high-risk pregnancies? 1. Polycystic ovarian syndrome 2. Diabetes mellitus 3. Body mass index over 32 4. Sedentary lifestyle

3. Body mass index over 32 This is correct. A BMI of >30 indicates obesity, which could cause the listed symptoms.

11. The nurse is assessing a 16-year-old sexually active patient in the family practice clinic. The patient's symptoms include breakthrough vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, nausea, and fever. The health care provider obtains cultures of the cervical epithelial cells during a Pap smear and orders doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for 7 days for her and her partner. The nurse understands that this prescription is consistent with the treatment of which medical diagnosis? 1. Herpes 2. Condylomas 3. Chlamydia 4. Gonorrhea

3. Chlamydia This is correct. Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI in the United States and the leasing cause of preventable infertility. This is diagnosed by cultures of cervical epithelial cells and is treated with antibiotics. The partner needs to be treated to prevent infection.

The nurse is counseling a female patient who has unsuccessfully attempted to become pregnant through a variety of methods and treatments for infertility. Which psychosocial manifestation is the nurse most likely to recognize? 1. Close connections with extended family 2. Strong intimate relationship with her partner 3. Difficulty accepting pregnancy if it does occur 4. Greater focus on career and job opportunities

3. Difficulty accepting pregnancy if it does occur This is correct. Once pregnancy is achieved, the woman often has difficulty perceiving herself as a pregnant woman.

A female carries one positive genetic marker for Huntington's disease. Her partner does not have any markers for the disease. For which reason is it so important for this family to identify persons with the genetic marker? 1. The Huntington gene is recessive. 2. All of the couple's offspring will have the disease. 3. Symptoms do not manifest until 30 to 50 years of age. 4. The expression of the disease is varied by individual.

3. Symptoms do not manifest until 30 to 50 years of age. This is correct. Huntington's disease does not exhibit symptoms until the gene carrier is between 20 and 50 years of age, which is after many of the carriers have already had children. The disease is perpetuated by lack of knowledge regarding the presence of the gene

The nurse is discussing genetically linked diseases with a couple planning a pregnancy. The female states, "I am concerned because there is a history of sickle-cell disease in my family." Which information from the nurse is correct? 1. Any offspring will have the disease. 2. Only male children will have the disease. 3. The male partner needs genetic testing. 4. The couple should not become pregnant.

3. The male partner needs genetic testing This is correct. The nurse needs to advise the male partner to have genetic testing to determine whether he is also a carrier of the sickle-cell gene. If both partners have the gene, 25% of the offspring will have the disease, 50% will be carriers, and 25% will be neither.

An infertile couple learns that the female is unable to produce viable eggs. The male partner suggests the use of a surrogate as a means of having a child. The female states, "I don't want your baby with another woman!" The nurse is aware of which psychosocial issue with this couple? 1. The male blames the female for the infertility. 2. The female is jealous of the surrogate's fertility. 3. The male needs to have a child with his genes. 4. The female is experiencing self-esteem issues.

4. The female is experiencing self-esteem issues. This is correct. The nurse is aware that the diagnosis and treatment of infertility can cause self-esteem issues. The female partner is likely to be feeling "less of a woman" because of the inability to conceive. She may also have feelings of shame for having a "defective" body.

The nurse is assessing a 59-year-old female patient for her annual examination. The patient had a full hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy 1 year ago for a noncancerous condition. The patient states that she wants to stop her menopausal hormone therapy at this time, and she will try black cohosh if the symptoms persist. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. "Hormone therapy is the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms." 2. "Hormone therapy becomes less effective within 2 years of treatment." 3. "Hormone therapy is most effective with alternative medicines use." 4. "Hormone therapy is most effective when combined with lifestyle changes."

1. "Hormone therapy is the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms." This is correct. Per the North American Menopause Society, hormone therapy is the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms.

10. The nurse is caring for a 33-year-old female patient who has just undergone laparoscopic removal of endometrial lesions. Which statement by the patient illustrates her understanding of the disease process and prognosis? 1. "I realize that this is not a cure for the issue, but I want to have more children within the next year." 2. "I'm happy to know that the surgeon has been able to cure me of this disease without a hysterectomy." 3. "I realize that my type 2 diabetes will be cured now that I have those lesions removed." 4. "I understand that I will not have to have a colostomy now that the growths were removed from my bowels."

1. "I realize that this is not a cure for the issue, but I want to have more children within the next year." This is correct. Endometriosis may recur after surgical interventions, but the laparoscopic surgery is used for women with severe symptoms who are infertile and desire pregnancy

. The nurse is providing care to the 24-year-old patient in the OB/GYN clinic. The patient states that she thinks she may be pregnant because she has missed three menstrual cycles. The patient says, "This couldn't be happening at a worse time. I have been training heavily for a triathlon in 4 months." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. "Secondary amenorrhea, or no menses for 3 months, is not always a sign of pregnancy; it may be due to your heavy athletic activity." 2. "Pregnancy during times of stress such as heavy athletic activity can occur when precautions are not followed." 3. "If the pregnancy test is negative, the physician will need to perform a diagnostic laparoscopy to rule out a neoplasm." 4. "Amenorrhea may occur at times of nutritional disturbances. Are you eating a well-balanced diet?

1. "Secondary amenorrhea, or no menses for 3 months, is not always a sign of pregnancy; it may be due to your heavy athletic activity." This is correct. Heavy athletic activity may cease ovulation and menstrual cycles

The nurse is counseling a couple who just learned their 16-week fetus tested positive for a serious genetic disorder. Which action by the nurse is inappropriate upon learning that the couple plan to continue the pregnancy? 1. Determine whether termination is still a consideration. 2. Explain they will experience grief, which is normal. 3. Provide additional information about the disorder. 4. Refer them to a disorder-specific support group

1. Determine whether termination is still a consideration. This is correct. Once the couple has decided to continue the pregnancy, it is inappropriate and unnecessary for the nurse to determine pregnancy termination is still a consideration. It is likely that counseling from family and medical personnel has helped with their difficult decision.

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) support group. One of the teaching points will include diet and weight loss to decrease hirsutism and acne. What is the reasoning for this rationale? 1. Diet and exercise will promote weight loss, which will decrease hyperandrogenemia. 2. Diet and exercise will decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. 3. Diet and exercise will decrease serum lipid levels and lower the risk for cardiovascular disease. 4. Diet and exercise will increase the frequency of ovulation and menstruation and increase fertility.

1. Diet and exercise will promote weight loss, which will decrease hyperandrogenemia. This is correct. Hyperandrogenemia can lower testosterone levels, which can reduce the degree of acne and hirsutism.

The nurse is providing care to a 46-year-old female patient. The patient appears hesitant when asked of her sexual history, and the nurse discovers that the patient is a lesbian. What education should the nurse provide to this patient pertaining to her health? 1. Lesbians often are at higher risk for menstrual disorders, abnormal insulin production, and infertility. 2. Lesbians often are at higher risk due to lower socioeconomic disparities than their heterosexual counterparts. 3. Lesbians often refuse choices in health care such as the HPV vaccine as many feel they are not at risk. 4. Lesbians often have fewer health issues than their heterosexual counterparts due to their strong support systems.

1. Lesbians often are at higher risk for menstrual disorders, abnormal insulin production, and infertility. This is correct. These are signs and symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome, which lesbians are at higher risk for than are their heterosexual counterparts.

The nurse is providing care to the 35-year-old female patient at the family practice clinic who is in the office for her annual physical examination. Which tests should the nurse recommend are the most appropriate for this patient? Select all that apply. 1. Papanicolaou test every 5 years 2. Mammogram every 2 years 3. DEXA screen every 2 years 4. HPV every 5 years 5. HIV testing every 5 years.

1. Papanicolaou test every 5 years 4. HPV every 5 years

Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual as part of the individual's clinical care. Which example does the nurse associate with genomic medicine? 1. Screening of neonates for inherited, treatable genetic diseases 2. Creating drugs specifically for the treatment of cancer 3. Conducting trial studies to determine how drugs effect individuals 4. Tracing and gaining knowledge about how genetic mutations occur

1. Screening of neonates for inherited, treatable genetic diseases This is correct. An example of genomic medicine is screening of neonates for inherited, treatable genetic diseases

Which nursing interventions would best correlate with the nursing diagnosis of At risk for disturbed sleep patterns related to night sweats? 1. Take a cool shower before bedtime. 2. Avoid medications such as fluoxetine. 3. Eat a consistent carbohydrate prior to bedtime. . Avoid liquid intake 2 hours prior to bedtime.

1. Take a cool shower before bedtime. This is correct. This would facilitate a cooler body core prior to going to bed and may decrease hot flashes.

A patient at 37 weeks gestation arrives at the labor and delivery unit and reports a rupture of her membranes. Which factor causes the nurse to anticipate the HCP will prescribe a medical method of labor induction? 1. The fetus is viable and the barrier for a sterile uterine environment is breached. 2. The fetus is at risk for "drying out" and causing the mother to have a dry birth. 3. The mother must be maintained on complete bedrest until contractions begin. 4. The mother is at risk for developing an infection and passing it to the fetus.

1. The fetus is viable and the barrier for a sterile uterine environment is breached. This is correct. The nurse anticipates a prescription for a medical method of labor induction because the fetus is viable and the sterile environment of the uterus is breached when the embryonic membranes rupture

The nurse is providing care for the 34-year-old patient diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Which interventions would correlate to the common symptoms of this syndrome? Select all that apply. 1. The patient has been unsuccessful with the ability to conceive. 2. The patient has a history of painful and irregular menstrual cycles. 3. The patient has noticed a drastic weight loss and dry skin. 4. The patient has chronic back pain and gastrointestinal issues. 5. The patient has heart palpitations and hypertension.

1. The patient has been unsuccessful with the ability to conceive. 2. The patient has a history of painful and irregular menstrual cycles. 5. The patient has heart palpitations and hypertension.

The nurse is assessing a 33-year-old female patient who comes to the family practice clinic with complaints of excessive menstrual bleeding with bleeding between periods for the past 6 months. The health care provider has performed an endometrial biopsy and has discontinued the patient's oral contraceptives. What is the rationale for this treatment? 1. This condition is often associated with use of oral contraceptives and may subside upon discontinuation. 2. This condition is often associated with type 2 diabetes and must be controlled with a different type of birth control. 3. This condition is often associated with hyperplasia of the endometrial tissue, which is exacerbated with oral contraceptives. 4. This condition is often associated with ovarian cysts, which are exacerbated with the use of oral contraceptives.

1. This condition is often associated with use of oral contraceptives and may subside upon discontinuation. This is correct. Metrorrhagia is the most significant form of menstrual disorder. If not caused by endometrial cancer, it is typically associated with use of an IUD and use of oral contraceptives

9. A patient at 34 weeks gestation is undergoing an ultrasound. The nurse notes that the amniotic fluid is estimated at between 500 and 600 mL. Which deduction does the nurse make from this finding? 1. Oligohydramnios is present. 2. Fluid is normal for gestation age. 3. Polyhydramnios has formed. 4. Follow-up ultrasound is warranted.

1.Oligohydramnios is present. This is correct. The volume of amniotic fluid at 34 weeks gestation should peak at 800 to 1,000 mL. The current volume indicates oligohydramnios, which is indicative of a decrease in placental function. The newborn is at increased risk for congenital renal problems.

The nurse is assessing the 19-year-old female patient in the women's health clinic. She reports that for the past several months, she has had lower abdominal pain, elimination issues, and mood swings, and her acne is worse the week before menstruation. The health care provider has prescribed oral contraceptives. The patient asks the nurse for the reason for the prescription. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? 1. "Pregnancy should be avoided because the hormonal shift would place the fetus at risk for birth defects." 2. "The hormones in the oral contraceptives can maintain estrogen-progesterone hormones to alleviate discomfort." 3. "Oral contraceptives may provide an increase in the hormones to help with your possible infertility issues." 4. "Oral contraceptives may balance the chemical changes in your brain to alleviate the depression symptoms."

2. "The hormones in the oral contraceptives can maintain estrogen-progesterone hormones to alleviate discomfort." This is correct. PMS may be controlled, with oral contraceptives, as PMS might be related to hormonal changes related to the menstrual cycle. Estrogen-progesterone hormones found in oral contraceptives may provide relief from the symptoms.

The nurse is educating a 24-year-old female patient who was newly diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The patient was prescribed an antidiabetic medication. Which medication effects should the nurse educate the patient about? Select all that apply. 1. A period of initial weight gain 2. A change in her integumentary system 3. Low blood sugar until her hormones stabilize 4. Decreased likelihood of pregnancy 5. A decrease in abdominal obesity and weight

2. A change in her integumentary system 3. Low blood sugar until her hormones stabilize 5. A decrease in abdominal obesity and weight

The nurse works in an infertility clinic and is interviewing a male patient whose partner has been unable to conceive. Which finding obtained during a health history will cause the nurse greatest concern? 1. The patient is a passionate gardener. 2. The patient had a vasectomy reversed. 3. The patient rides a bicycle daily to work. 4. The patient is concerned about infertility.

2. The patient had a vasectomy reversed. This is correct. The fact that the patient had a vasectomy reversed causes the nurse greatest concern about male infertility. A vasectomy reversal can result in the development of sperm antibodies that decreases sperm motility.

A 48-year-old female patient presents to the OB/GYN clinic for her annual examination. She states that she has had the following symptoms: mood swings, irregular menstrual cycles, forgetfulness, food cravings, and a decrease in libido. Which of the following does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? 1. Menopause 2. Perimenopause 3. Postmenopause 4. Pregnancy

2. Perimenopause This is correct. Given the patient's age and current symptoms, the patient is experiencing perimenopause.

The nurse is providing care to a 72-year-old female patient. While providing care, the nurse instructs the patient to slowly rise from a sitting or prone position. What is the pathophysiological reason for this instruction? 1. The patient is at higher risk for fractures due to postmenopausal osteoporosis. 2. The patient is at higher risk for hypotension due to decreased baroreceptor sensitivity. 3. The patient is at higher risk for falls due to decreased muscle strength and balance. 4. The patient is at higher risk for adverse drug reactions due to decreased hepatic function.

2. The patient is at higher risk for hypotension due to decreased baroreceptor sensitivity. This is correct. The normal physiological changes of aging include decreased baroreceptor sensitivity, thus increasing the risk for falls due to hypotension.

The nurse is providing preoperative education on the laparoscope-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Which statement by the patient verifies understanding of the procedure? 1. "I will use a mild douche solution to keep the surgical area clean." 2. "I'm relieved that I won't have any visible scars on my abdomen." 3. "I understand that there will be some light vaginal bleeding for several days." 4. "I understand that I must remain on bedrest until cleared by the surgeon."

3. "I understand that there will be some light vaginal bleeding for several days." This is correct. There will be some light bleeding for several days, and the patient should be instructed to notify the surgeon if bleeding increases.

The nurse is teaching a class about embryonic and fetal development to couples in the early stage of pregnancy. For which reason does the nurse emphasize the first 8 weeks of gestation? 1. Pregnancies often abort before or at this time of development. 2. Lack of size and movement prevents confirmation of pregnancy. 3. All organ systems are developing during this period. 4. Factors that can interrupt the pregnancy are no longer a concern.

3. All organ systems are developing during this period. This is correct. At 8 weeks the primary germ layers have transformed into a clearly defined human. The embryo is now a fetus with all major organ systems formed. The nurse emphasizes this period because interfering factors for development should be avoided up to this point.

The nurse is assessing a 64-year-old female patient. The patient states that she is able to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by drinking a quart of cranberry juice a day. Which health condition, if present in this patient, contraindicates the use of cranberry juice? 1. Hypertension, managed with lisinopril 2. Diabetes type 1, managed with insulin 3. Atrial fibrillation, managed with warfarin 4. COPD, managed with inhaled steroids

3. Atrial fibrillation, managed with warfarin This is correct. Studies have shown that cranberry juice can affect the liver and interfere with warfarin (Coumadin) levels. Cranberry juice should not be taken with warfarin (Coumadin), aspirin, or medications that effect the liver.

The nurse is providing education for disease prevention to the adult female patient. Which factor puts the patient at a higher risk for multisystem disease processes such as cardiac issues, gynecological issues, and cancers? 1. Consuming two glasses of wine a week 2. Smoking two packs of cigarettes a day 3. Having a body mass index of over 32 4. Having poor intake of calcium and vegetables

3. Having a body mass index of over 32 This is correct. A BMI of over 30 indicates obesity, which increases the risks for many disease processes, such as cardiac, endocrine, musculoskeletal issues, and gynecological disorders.

The nurse works in a urologist's office. A male patient is scheduled for routine fertility testing. For which test does the nurse refrain from making preparation? 1. STI screening 2. Hormonal levels 3. Sexual functioning 4. Ejaculate analysis

3. Sexual functioning This is correct. Sexual functioning is not routinely measured by a test. If the patient voices concern about sexual functioning, vascular studies may be performed

A female patient is concerned about an inability to become pregnant after trying for 1 year. Which information collected during a health history causes the nurse the greatest amount of concern about possible infertility? 1. The patient works as a ballroom dance instructor. 2. The patient is turning 37 years old this year. 3. The patient has hot flashes and mood swings. 4. The patient was treated for a pelvic inflammatory disease while in college.

3. The patient has hot flashes and mood swings. This is correct. Premature ovarian failure, which is menopause prior to age 40, is a cause of female infertility. At age 37, the client is experiencing some manifestations of early menopause (hot flashes and mood swings). This finding causes the nurse greatest concern and prompts additional assessment.

During the nurse's assessment of a 44-year-old female patient in the family medicine clinic, the patient becomes tearful and states she may be pregnant, as she has some unintentional weight gain, mood swings, and irregular menstrual cycles. The urine hCG reveals that the patient is not pregnant. What is the possible reason for her symptoms at this time? 1. The patient has a false pregnancy. 2. The patient is menopausal. 3. The patient is perimenopausal. 4. The patient may be pregnant.

3. The patient is perimenopausal. This is correct. The patient's age and symptoms are indicative of perimenopause.

A patient at 13 weeks gestation asks the nurse how her baby is nourished during pregnancy. Which information does the nurse use to explain the process to the mother? 1. Fetal waste products and CO2 pass through the placenta to the mother. 2. The placenta is a special organ developed to create nutrients and oxygen. 3. The mother's blood and fetus's blood mix for an exchange of nutrients. 4. Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen pass through the placenta from mother to baby.

4. Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen pass through the placenta from mother to baby. This is correct. Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen are transported across the placenta membrane from the mother to the fetus by a mechanism of diffuse and active transport.

The nurse is developing a plan of care for the 65-year-old obese female patient who states she wishes she could lose the weight but has no stamina for activity. Which nursing intervention would best correlate with the patient's statements? 1. Provide information on local gyms and exercise groups. 2. Provide information on choosemyplate.gov. 3. Provide information on the overall health risks of obesity. 4. Provide guidelines on how to increase daily activity as tolerated.

4. Provide guidelines on how to increase daily activity as tolerated. This is correct. By facilitating an incremental increase in activity, the patient's stamina may increase, which was the statement made by the patient.

The nurse is assessing a 72-year-old female patient in the women's health clinic. The mildly obese patient's history includes 7 vaginal births, 2 of which necessitated forceps deliveries, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. The patient states that she has become incontinent of urine, has a history of frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs), and has a sense of fullness "down there." What would be an appropriate nursing intervention to help the patient with her symptoms? 1. Instruct the patient to stop urinating midstream at least twice a day. 2. Instruct the patient to eat a high-fiber diet and increase fluid intake. 3. Instruct the patient to add probiotics to their diet while taking antibiotics. 4. Instruct the patient to bear down effectively while having a bowel movement.

1. Instruct the patient to stop urinating midstream at least twice a day. This is correct. This is the Kegel exercise, which helps improve pelvic muscle strength for a mild cystocele. Key words in this question are frequent UTIs, urinary incontinence, multiple births, two of which were forceps deliveries, which further traumatizes the pelvic floor.

The nurse is arranging education for the menopausal support group regarding the approaches to treat the symptoms. Which of the following would be components of current treatments? Select all that apply. 1. Moderately intense exercises 2. Balanced diet, rich in calcium 3. Alternative medicine such as black cohosh 4. Over-the-counter sleep aid 5. Hormone therapy

1. Moderately intense exercises 2. Balanced diet, rich in calcium 5. Hormone therapy

The nurse at a family practice clinic is providing care to a 47-year-old obese patient. The patient states that she realizes that she has put on extra weight but is reluctant to go to any exercise classes. She states that she often has to cross her legs when she sneezes and cannot do any exercises with her legs crossed. The health care provider has prescribed tolterodine (Detrol). What is the rationale for this medication? 1. Tolterodine is used to treat overactive bladders and to decrease urinary frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence. 2. Tolterodine is used to improve the tone and tissue in the urethral and vaginal areas. 3. Tolterodine is used to facilitate weight loss by acting as an appetite suppressant. 4. Tolterodine is used to improve blood flow to the pelvic muscles to decrease urinary tract infections.

1. Tolterodine is used to treat overactive bladders and to decrease urinary frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence. This is correct. Tolterodine (Detrol) inhibits cholinergic bladder contractions, thereby decreasing urinary frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence

A female patient with a history of infertility is scheduled to have a hysterosalpingogram. Which findings can be detected with this procedure? Select all that apply. 1. Tubal occlusions 2. Uterine fibroids 3. Cervical irritation 4. Bicornate uterus 5. Vaginal infection

1. Tubal occlusions 2. Uterine fibroids 4. Bicornate uterus

The nurse is assessing a 22-year-old female patient who arrives at the family clinic. The patient has finished her prescription for a urinary tract infection and now reports a milky discharge from her vagina and has a fishy odor. After microscopic examination of the vaginal discharge, the health care provider prescribed metronidazole gel to be inserted vaginally. What is the suspected medical diagnosis for this patient? 1. The patient has gonorrhea due to lowered immunity after antibiotic therapy. 2. The patient has bacterial vaginosis due to recent disruption of normal vaginal flora. 3. The patient has genital condylomas due to the recent UTI treatment. 4. The patient has candida vaginitis due to recent disruption of normal vaginal flora.

2. The patient has bacterial vaginosis due to recent disruption of normal vaginal flora. This is correct. Disruption of normal vaginal flora can increase the likelihood of bacterial vaginosis, and the symptoms are often described as milky vaginal discharge with a distinct "fishy" odor.

The nurse is providing care to a 75-year-old female patient diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following would be the priority nursing diagnosis? 1. At risk for falls related to impaired balance 2. Knowledge deficit related to new 3. Impaired physical mobility related to pain and skeletal changes 4. Ineffective health maintenance related to continued immobility

3. Impaired physical mobility related to pain and skeletal changes This is correct. The patient will experience skeletal changes, and often pain due to pathological fractures. In order to prevent further exacerbation of the disease process, the nurse will need to develop a plan of care that includes increasing physical mobility, especially weight-bearing exercises to increase bone density.

A patient who has just received confirmation that she is pregnant is distressed because she has a seizure disorder that she manages with carbamazepine. Which is the nurse's greatest concern? 1. The carbamazepine may be discontinued. 2. The pregnancy is likely to end with fetal demise. 3. The fetus will experience loss of vision and hearing. 4. Carbamazepine is teratogenic and causes neural and facial defects.

4. Carbamazepine is teratogenic and causes neural and facial defects. This is correct. Carbamazepine is prescribed as an anticonvulsant medication that is classified as a teratogenic drug that causes neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, and intrauterine growth restriction. This is the nurse's greatest concern

The nurse is assessing a 70-year-old female patient in the family practice clinic. The patient states that she has been experiencing sudden heavy vaginal bleeding the past 3 months. What is the expected diagnostic procedure for this patient? 1. Cervical conization 2. Colposcopy 3. Dilation and curettage 4. Endometrial biopsy

4. Endometrial biopsy This is correct. The patient will need to have an endometrial biopsy to determine the cause of postmenopausal bleeding. The patient's age is past the average age of menopause.

An infertile couple voices concern to the nurse about assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The nurse agrees that ART has created numerous dilemmas. Which potential questions does the nurse discuss with the couple? Select all that apply. 1. Which partner has ownership of the embryos? 2. Should a child be told about donors or surrogates? 3. Are there parental rights for sperm donors? 4. Does a fertility donor have financial obligations? 5. What happens to any surplus embryos?

1. Which partner has ownership of the embryos? 2. Should a child be told about donors or surrogates? 3. Are there parental rights for sperm donors? 5. What happens to any surplus embryos?

A male patient is diagnosed with low sperm count as the cause of infertility. Which interventions will the nurse recommend to improve the patient's sperm count? Select all that apply. 1. Yoga or relaxation techniques 2. Surgical repair of an inguinal hernia 3. Switch to underwear made from cotton 4. Avoidance of showers with hot water temperature 5. Consultation to change hypertension drugs

1. Yoga or relaxation techniques 2. Surgical repair of an inguinal hernia 5. Consultation to change hypertension drugs

The nurse is providing care to a 35-year-old female patient who complains of low back pain, pain with defecation, pelvic pressure, and premenstrual spotting. The health care provider has prescribed the hormonal therapy Lupron for this condition. What is the goal of this prescription? 1. To prevent pregnancy at this time to promote healing 2. To suppress menstruation and further growth of the tissue 3. To prevent retrograde menstruation outside the uterine cavity 4. To increase blood flow to decrease the endometrial lining

2. To suppress menstruation and further growth of the tissue This is correct. This is the goal of GnRH agonists, which suppresses menstruation and further growth of tissue

After counseling with an obstetrician about infertility, a couple is advised to undergo testicular sperm aspiration. The nurse is aware that the procedure may be recommended for which infertility? 1. Blocked fallopian tubes 2. Unsuccessful vasectomy reversal 3. Poor cervical mucus production 4. Diminished sperm motility

2. Unsuccessful vasectomy reversal This is correct. An unsuccessful vasectomy reversal is treated with testicular sperm aspiration. Other reasons for this infertility treatment are the absence of a vas deferens, an extremely low sperm count, or absence of sperm in ejaculated semen.