Exam 1 Practice Questions

A nurse is teaching a client with osteoporosis about dietary selections. What client statement indicates the teaching was effective? a. "I will decrease my intake of red meat." b. "I will eat more fruits to increase my potassium intake." c. "I will eat more dairy products to increase my calcium intake." d. "I will decrease my intake of popcorn, nuts, and seeds."

"I will eat more dairy products to increase my calcium intake."

What is a primary cause of Heart Failure? a. Low Cholesterol b. Cancer c. Smoking d. Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis

During a cardiac catheterization, which symptoms should the nurse place highest priority on? a. Pressure at the insertion site b. Urge to cough c. Flushing sensation d. Chest Pain

Chest Pain

Which of the following is an expected finding of an older adult with physiologic vision changes? a. Reports of watery eyes b. Decreased ability to distinguish colors c. Finds it easier to drive at night rather than in the daytime d. Holds objects close to the face

Decreased ability to distinguish colors

The son of patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases asks the nurses how carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged across the pulmonary capillaries and and the alveoli, the nurse responds it is a process of? a. Filtration b. Osmosis c. Active Transport d. Diffusion

Diffusion

True or False: As a result of the physiologic changes that happen with aging, the older adult has an increased metabolic rate and requires on average 200 calories more than a middle-aged adult. True or False

False

List in order the top five leading causes of death in older adults. cancer, heart disease, stroke, Chronic lower pulmonary diseases, unintentional injuries

Heart disease Cancer Unintentional injuries Chronic lower pulmonary diseases Stroke

Which of the following is not an appropriate recommendation for an exercise program for the patient with heart failure? a. Remember to wait two hours after a meal before permforming exercise activity b. High intensity training will provide the most benefit c. After exercising for 30 minutes, have a rest period with a cool-down activity d. Begin with low impact activities such as walking

High intensity training will provide the most benefit

Which of the following is not an expected physiologic change in the integumentary system in the older adult? a. Decreased sensory receptors b. capillary fragility c. decreased subcutaneous fat and muscle tone d. Increased secretion of natural oils and perspiration

Increased secretion of natural oils and perspiration

A patient is being brought down to radiology to have an echocardiogram performed. Which action should the nurse perform to prepare the patient for the procedure? a. Inform the patient that the test will last 30 minutes and will not be painful b. Have the patient sign an informed consent for the invasive procedure c. Inform the patient that they will be given a medication that will make them lose consciousness d. Educate the patient not to have anything to drink or eat two hours prior to the procedure

Inform the patient that the test will last 30 minutes and will not be painful

A patient, after having an echocardiogram, was just diagnosed with mitral stenosis. The narrowing of this valve will impede the circulation of blood moving through which structures of the heart? a. L Ventricle to Aorta b. L atrium to L ventricle c. R atrium to R ventricle d. R ventricle to pulmonary artery

L atrium to L ventricle

A family member of a patient with left sided congestive heart failure is trying to figure out how the oxygenated blood from the blood gets into the periphery. To help the family understand, which chamber of the heart ejects oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation? a. Right Ventricle b. Left Atrium c. Right Atrium d. Left Ventricle

Left Ventricle

A cardiologist is speaking with a nurse about a patients myocardial infarction location after the cardiac catheterization was performed. The physician explains that there was a blockage in the large artery that supplies the anterior wall of the left ventricle. As the nurse, which of the arteries is he referring to? a. Right coronary artery (RCA) b. Left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) c. Posterior descending coronary artery (PDA) d. Circumflex coronary artery

Left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)

A patient with a history of chronic heart failure is admitted to the emergency department with severe dyspnea and a dry, hacking cough. Which action should the nurse do first? a. Ask the patient their allergies b. Check the cap refill c. Listen to breath sounds d. Listen to bowel sounds

Listen to breath sounds

The nurse is examining a patient's food and ankle after a patient reports pain in the foot after stepping on a nail in the road 3 days ago. The patient has a prominent red streak running up his foot and ankle. Which of the following does the nurse suspect is happening? a. Lymphagitis b. Local inflammation c. Cellulitis d. Elephantiasis

Lymphagitis

The nurse on a cardiac telemetry floor is reviewing the lab results for a patient who was recently transferred from the critical intensive care unit (CCU). After reviewing, the nurse notes that the cardiac troponin T level was performed during his time in the CCU. The nurse knows that this test was performed to assist in diagnosing which condition? a. Myocardial Infarction b. Atrial Fibrillation c. Raynaud's disease d. Stable Angin

Myocardial Infarction

A nurse on a cardiovascular floor is teaching her nursing student about the importance of measuring an ankle brachial index (ABI) to measure the degree of stenosis. She explains a baseline should be done for patients with certain risk factors, which risk factor would not indicate an ABI needs to be performed. a. Patient is 45 years old b. Patient has a history of 20 years of smoking c. Patient has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. d. Patient has decreased pedal pulses bilaterally.

Patient is 45 years old

After a nurse is done getting the history and physical from a patient with complex medical issues. Which assessment finding indicates the patient is at an increase risk for developing heart failure? a. Patient is 72 years old b. Patient has a potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L c. Patient is caucasian d. Patient takes Furosemide 20 mg/day

Patient is 72 years old

The most abundant electrolyte in the extracellular fluid, sodium, is regulated by all of the following except: a. antidiuretic hormone b. thirst c. renin-angiotensin aldosterone system d. potassium intake

Potassium intake

The nurse is caring for a patient that they suspect has digoxin toxicity. In addition to the physical assessment, which electrolyte should the nurse closely monitor? a. Sodium level b. Potassium level c. Chloride level d. Phosphorus level

Potassium level

Which health promotion strategy can improve an older adult's ability to taste and smell? a. Recommend eating cold foods rather than hot b. Recommend increased salt on foods c. Recommend decreased alcohol intake d. Recommend smoking cessation

Recommend smoking cessation

A patient was just diagnosed with cellulitis. On physical assessment, which finding does the nurse expect to find? a. Red, swollen skin with inflammation spreading to surrounding tissues b. Painful skin that is swollen and pale in color c. Cold, red skin d. Small, localized blackened area of skin

Red, swollen skin with inflammation spreading to surrounding tissues

A nurse is gathering a health history from an older adult patient with physiologic hearing changes. Which communication technique should the nurse use during their conversation? a. Reduce background noise b. Speak with a high-pitched voice c. Sit side-by-side with the patient d. Make sure a family member is present during the discussion

Reduce background noise

A patient has been having trouble talking and says that every time they walk they get short of breath. The provider orders an exercise stress test for the patient. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the patient prior to the procedure? a. Remember to wear a loose fitting shirt with buttons b. Remember to wear firm boots to the procedure c. Not to smoke his cigarette 30 minutes before the procedure d. Make sure to have breakfast prior to the procedure

Remember to wear a loose fitting shirt with buttons

A patient has been having trouble talking and says that every time they walk they get short of breath. The provider orders an exercise stress test for the patient. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the patient prior to the procedure? a. Remember to wear firm boots to the procedure b. Not to smoke his cigarette 30 minutes before the procedure c. Make sure to have breakfast prior to the procedure d. Remember to wear a loose fitting shirt with buttons

Remember to wear a loose fitting shirt with buttons

All of the following are potential consequences of poor sleep in the older adult except: a. Reduced quality of life b. Increased risk for falls c. Restless leg syndrome d. Cognitive decline

Restless leg syndrome

The majority of bone infections are caused by which organism? a. Escherichia coli b. Pseudomonas c. Proteus d. Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

Which of the following signs/symptoms should a nurse consider when taking care of an older adult with suspected pneumonia? a. The baseline body temperature in the older adult is about 1 degree Fahrenheit lower than younger adults b. The older adult is more likely to have a productive cough compared to a younger adult c. The white blood cell count on average is lower in older adults compared to younger adults d. The older adult is more likely to experience dizziness compared to a younger adult

The baseline body temperature in the older adult is about 1 degree Fahrenheit lower than younger adults

Which patient is most likely to experience polypharmacy? a. The older adult with no chronic conditions and recent hip replacement b. The older adult with no chronic conditions and substance use disorder (alcohol) c. The older adult with diabetes, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease d. The older adult with dementia and hyperlipidemia

The older adult with diabetes, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease

The nurse prepares a patient for a total hip replacement. What information will likely postpone the surgery? a. The patient reports periodic heartburn. b. The patient's platelet count is 250,000/mm3. c. The patient reports burning with urination d. The patient's hemoglobin is 15 g/dl.

The patient reports burning with urination.

A patient presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of increasing shortness of breath. After taking the history and physical, the nurses notes the patient has a history of left sided heart failure. The patient is now becoming increasingly agitated and coughing up pink-tinged, foamy sputum. The nurses recognizes the signs and symptoms and notifies the HCP of suspected? a. acute pulmonary edema b. right sided heart failure c. pneumonia d. cariogenic shock

acute pulmonary edema

Which of the following is inappropriate management for a patient with hypercalcemia? a. administer phosphorus b. administer thiazide diuretics c. administer bisphosphonate therapy d. administer calcitonin

administer thiazide diuretics

The nurse provides care for a client in Buck traction. Which is the most important nursing action to maintain effective traction? a. give pain medication regularly b. remove weights immediately when client reports discomfort c. encourage the client to limit body movements d. allow weights to hang freely at all times

allow weights to hang freely at all times

A nurse walks into room and a patient is experiencing problems with completing of daily activities because of an underlying cardiovascular disease. When the nurse takes the patient's vital signs, the patient has exertion fatigue and an increased blood pressure. Which observation by the nurse best indicates patient progress? a. verbalizes the benefits of physical activity b. ambulates 15 feet further every day c. chooses a healthy diet that limits sodium intake d. sleeps with only awaking once during the night

ambulates 15 feet further every day

A patient presents to the emergency department stating they have severe, ripping pain. The nurse suspects this patient is suffering from: a. aortic dissection b. aortic aneurysm c. aortoilliac disease d. cardiogenic shock

aortic dissection

A patient was recently diagnosed with right sided heart failure. The nurse explains to the patient signs and symptoms the patient needs to look out for. These can include: Select all that apply. a. ascites b. jugular vein distension c. crackles in the lungs d. hepatomegaly

ascites hepatomegaly

The nurse is teaching the patient about their new diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Which modifiable risk factor should the nurse discuss about decrease the formation of atherosclerosis? a. cholesterol level b. age c. gender d. family history

cholesterol level

The nurse has finished performing a physical assessment on her morning patient and she notices the legs have edema and a pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities. The nurse suspects the diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency. Which other assessment finding should the nurse expect to see? a. skin hyperpigmentation b. absent pedal pulses c. intermittent claudication d. circular ulcer

circular ulcer

A HCP recently diagnosed your patient with Raynaud's disease, the patient asks what might trigger the vasospasm from occuring? a. cold weather b. hot weather c. rain d. wind

cold weather

An older adult female has a bone density test that reveals severe osteoporosis. What does the nurse understand can be a problem for this client due to the decrease in bone mass and density? a. diabetes b. hypertension c. cardiac disease d. compression fractures

compression fractures

A health care provider diagnoses primary osteoporosis in a client who has lost bone mass. For which client is primary osteoporosis most common? a. young menstruating woman b. young child c. elderly man d. elderly postmenopausal woman

elderly postmenopausal woman

A patient with heart failure just had an ICD placed. The patient during recovery is experiencing anxiety. What action should the nurse not do to promote physical comfort and provide psychological support? a. have the patient lay down in the bed b. talk about the side effects of acute decompensation c. provide supplemental oxygen for the patient d. have the patient sit in a recliner

have the patient lay down in the bed

The nurse is planning care for a patient with a fluid imbalance. The nurse knows that water and electrolytes from from the arterial capillary bed into the interstitial fluid. What is the reason this occurs? a. oncotic pressure b. hydrostatic pressure c. venous pressure d. active transport

hydrostatic pressure

Which electrolyte imbalance poses the greatest risk for cardiac arrest? a. hyperkalemia b. hypernatremia c. hypermagnesemia d. hypercalcemia

hyperkalemia

Which electrolyte imbalance is a patient with SIADH at risk for? a. hypernatremia b. hyperkalemia c. hyponatremia d. hypokalemia

hyponatremia

A burn patient is admitted to the floor that you are assigned. Upon your initial assessment, the patient has signs and symptoms of third spacing. Based on this change in states, what imbalance does the patient exhibit? a. hypervolemia b. hypernatremia c. hypovolemia d. hyperkalemia

hypovolemia

A patient was recently diagnosed with left sided heart failure. When the nurse explains what this means to the patient which is correct? a. inability of the right ventricle to fill or eject sufficient blood into the pulmonary circulation b. inability of the left ventricle to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation

inability of the left ventricle to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation

Which aspect should a nurse include in the teaching plan for a client with osteomalacia? a. include calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D supplements b. avoid green, leafy vegetables c. avoid any activity or exercise d. avoid dairy products

include calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D supplements

An older adult patient is admitted for end stage liver disease. Because the patient is an older patient, what signs and symptoms is part of the normal aging process? a. over hydration b. spongy skin c. skin turgor is not able to be assessed d. inelastic skin turgor

inelastic skin turgor

Mr. Miller was just diagnosed with arterial insufficiency and he states that when he walks he gets a muscular, cramp-like pain that is relieved when he sits down. He questions the nurse what this might be and she tells him that this is called: a. intermittent claudication b. thrombophlebitis c. orthopnea d. Thromboangiitis obliterans

intermittent claudication

A family member is caring for an older adult client with osteomalacia in the home. When the home health nurse comes to evaluate the client, what should be a focus point of the visit? a. making sure the client is receiving a daily bath b. ensuring that the client is eating enough c. making sure the client has adequate financial resources d. observing for safety hazards that could be a fall risk

observing for safety hazards that could be a fall risk

Which of the following can cause hypophosphatemia? a. hypoglycemia b. hypoparathyroidism c. oncogenic osteomalacia d. hypercalcemia

oncogenic osteomalacia

The nurse receives a patient from the emergency room being admitted for anginal pain and dyspnea. In order to continually monitor the patients respiratory status, which item is best to monitor the patient's respiratory status? a. count respirations b. oxygen flowmeter c. pulse oximetry d. cardiac telemetry

pulse oximetry

A client sprains an ankle while playing tennis and is brought to the emergency department. What is the priority action by the nurse? a. rest, ice, compression, elevation b. exercise, ice, compression, elevation c. rest, heat, compression, exercise d. heat, compression, analgesics, exercise

rest, ice, compression, elevation

One primary prevention strategy a patient can make to help reduce the change of developing peripheral vascular disease is to? a. stop smoking b. wear sunscreen c. lessen exercises to two times a week d. pushing self during exercises

stop smoking

The nurse provides care for a patient immediately following a right BKA. The nurse is most concerned if which observation is made? a. the patient reports a throbbing headache b. the patient periodically naps c. the patient voices concern about being able to use a prosthesis d. the patient reports persistent pain at the operative site

the patient reports persistent pain at the operative site

Ageism can be defined as: a. the process of aging, beginning at age 65 b. the impairment of physical function due to age c. the prejudice or discrimination against older adults d. achievement of life satisfaction as an older adult

the prejudice or discrimination against older adults

The nurse identifies which sign or symptom as an early indication of fluid volume deficit? a. thirst b. weak pulse c. weakness d. hypotension

thirst

A client presents to the ED reporting increasing shortness of breath. The nurse assessing the client notes a history of left-sided heart failure. The client is agitated and occasionally coughing up pink-tinged, foamy sputum. The nurse should recognize the signs and symptoms of what health problem? true or false

true

Fluid overload and decreased tissue perfusion result when the heart cannot generate cardiac output (CO) sufficient to meet the body's demands for oxygen and nutrients. true or false

true