Exam 1 Practice Questions

The Pure Food and Drugs Act regulated pharmaceutical manufacturing and sales; when was this law passed?

1906

The Harrison "Narcotics" Act regulated opioids and cocaine; when was this law passed?

1914

What year was the prohibition of alcohol ratified but implemented in the next year?

1918

When dealing with research on drug use by adolescents and young adults, why would there bias in information gathered?

As only those students who are in classrooms can be surveyed, high school dropouts, who are more likely to use drugs, are excluded from the research data.

Who drafted the bill that later came to be known as the Harrison Act?

Dr. Hamilton Wright, the father of American narcotics laws

T or F According to the 1960s experiments on self-administration of morphine by monkeys, only those monkeys who were initially made physically dependent on the drug continued pressing the lever for their morphine intake.

False

When dealing with research on drug use by adolescents and young adults, why would there be discrepancy in honesty of their answers?

In most cases, there is no way of confirming a student's claims on a questionnaire.

Addiction is a controversial and complex term because __________.

It has different meanings to different people.

When dealing with the correlation between gender and rate of substance use, which gender is more likely to indulge in substance use?

Males are more likely to indulge in substance use than females.

__________ is a narcotic and the primary active chemical in opium from which heroin is derived.

Morphine

Symbolic impacts

These cause people who promote such laws to gain immediate social status by being identified with political power and as supporting goodness, morality, and decency.

Instrumental impacts

These refer to the consequences to those affected by the implementation of such laws, including those who are arrested and their families, and those whose livelihood depend upon the implementation of these laws.

T or F Any drug that produces effects might produce some benefit when used carefully and has the potential to produce harm when abused.

True

T or F The broadest impact on drug use in the US during the late 19th century and early 20th century came from the widespread legal distribution of patent medicines, which were dispensed by traveling peddlers and were readily available at local stores for self-medication.

True

According to a study from the 1970s that pointed out a typical sequence of involvement with drugs, arrange the stages of drug involvement in the order in which they occur, beginning with the first stage. Use of beer or wine Marijuana Use Use of hard liquor and/or cigarettes

Use of beer or wine Use of hard liquor and/or cigarettes Marijuana use

Why is it logical for deviance-prone young people to use beer or cigarettes as their gateway substances?

because they are more widely available than psychoactive drugs

How does a regular drug user overcome his or her body's tolerance toward a particular drug to experience the desired effect of the drug?

by increasing the dose of the drug

What were the main concerns that motivated the federal government to pass laws that placed restrictive regulations on the sale and use of psychoactive drugs?

crime, toxicity, and dependence

A typical problem faced by people while classifying substances as drugs is ________.

differentiating between food and drugs

Peele and others argued that substance dependence should not be classified as a disease because it ________.

does not have many of the characteristics of classic medical diseases

________ typically refers to the use of prescribed drugs in greater amounts than, or for purposes other than, those prescribed by a physician or dentist.

drug misuse

The notion that ______ forms the basis of arguments in favor of passing laws to regulate drug use and drug users.

drug use changes a user's personality in a lasting way

According to a study conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, identify the risk factors most likely associated with marijuana use among adolescents.

engaging in frequent fighting, stealing, or other antisocial activities having friends who use marijuana perceiving that substance use is prevalent at one's school

A drug that is unlawful to possess or use is known as a(n) ______ drug.

illicit

More than half of all federal prisoners are convicted on charges of _______.

illicit drug use

What are the personality traits that are frequently and increasingly being associated with the tendency to develop substance dependence?

impulsivity and sensation-seeking

Many drug users are motivated to continue using substances because the behavior of taking a drug _______.

is reinforced by the effect of the drug

A criticism of the research work focused on explaining dependence through dopamine levels is that this model ________.

is too simple

Under the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, Schedule 1 drugs have ______ in the US.

no currently acceptable medical use in treatment

Examination of the lives of alcohol-dependent individuals reveals that alcohol dependence _________.

often exists within a dysfunctional family

In the early 1800s, the most reliable and effective medicine of medical doctors, used for a variety of conditions but most notable as a pain reliever, was _______.

opium

Until the 1920s, following the passage of the Harrison Act, most users of opioids continued to receive them legally through _________.

private physicians or public clinics

As FDA officials investigated more and more cases, they determined that many violations of the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act were unintentional and caused primarily by poor manufacturing techniques and an absence of _______.

quality-control measures

A procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated is known as _________.

reinforcement

In psychology, _______ is a procedure in which a behavioral event is followed by a consequent event such that the behavior is then more likely to be repeated.

reinforcement

According to the 1956 Narcotic Drug Control Act, anyone caught _____ could receive the death penalty.

selling heroin to a person younger than 18

When a person's substance use is recurrent, and the problems lead to significant impairment or distress, that person is diagnosed with _______.

substance-use disorder

Although the basic categorization of illicit drugs in schedules is similar in most American states, ________.

there are large differences in the penalties

According to research conducted on personality types that typically tend to be involved in drug-taking behavior, ________.

there is a relationship between a user's personality and drug-taking behavior

After the Narcotics Division in the US arrested around 25,000 physicians between 1919 and 1929 for supplying opioids and cocaine to dependent users, __________.

there was no legal way to obtain these drugs then

In 1929, Congress viewed the enormous expenditure for imprisoning drug offenders as an indicator that something was wrong with the current system and decided that ________.

users should be cured rather than repeatedly jailed

Until 1912, the US Food and Drug Administration tested products and pursued any that _________.

were adulterated or didn't properly list any important ingredients

After the 1965 Drug Abuse Control amendments, for the first time, the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs faced widespread disregard of drug laws by young people who ________.

were not members of the underprivileged and criminal classes

According to the early medical models of substance dependence, when was the dependence said to be cured?

when a user no longer had withdrawal symptoms

People understanding the term addiction ranges from those who apply the term broadly to anyone who is especially interested in an activity to those who apply the term only to people _________.

whose lives have been completely taken over by substance use