Exam 1 Questions

skeletal system

Support, protection, mineral storage, and blood cell formation

mandibular fossa; temporal bone

The _________ articulates with the mandibular condyle and is part of the ________ bone.

papillary

The area of the skin that contains blood vessels supplying the epidermis

epithelial cells damaged or lost at the surface are continually replaced thru divisions of stem cells

The epithelia demonstrates several important characteristics. Which answer defines regeneration?

patella; tibia

The patellar ligament attaches the ____ to the ______

phalanges distal to the first metacarpal

The pollex is composed of the:

vertebrosternal

The sixth rib is classified as

Systematic

The study of the heart, blood, and blood vessels is which of the following approaches?

responsiveness

The vital property of living things that causes them to take actions in response to changes in the environment

squamous suture

This cranial suture separates the temporal bone from the parietal

medial tibial condyle

What bone feature articulates with the medial femoral condyle?

endosteum

What osteogenic connective tissue layer lines the marrow/medullary cavity

flexion

What type of motion occurs at the neck when the chin is drawn closer to the sternum

microvilli

Which cell structure is responsible for increase in surface area to permit more absorption?

Macrophages

Which cell type present in the connective tissue proper belongs to both the fixed cells and the wandering cells?

atlas and occipital condyles

Which of the following are bones or bone features that articulate directly with one another at the joint

Spinous process

Which of the following features is present on all vertebra and projects posteriorly forming the bumps that you feel down your spine?

Os coxa or coxal bone

Which of the following is considered part of the pelvic girdle?

melanocytes

Which of the following is involved in the coloring of the skin?

increasing bone length during growth

Which of the following is not a reason why bone remodeling occurs:

anterior, ventral

Which of the following pairs consists of anatomical equivalence?

Shaft

Which of the following parts of the hair is location outside of the body?

the frontal bones forms the lateral portion of the eye orbit

Which of the following statements is false

ellipsoid joint

Which of the following synovial joint is a biaxial joint?

The stratum basale is composed of a single cell layer that is attached to the basal lamina and contains stem cells

Which statement is correct about the layers of the epithelium?

Halocrine

Which term defines the mode of secretion involving the rupturing of the cell membrane causing cell death?

Epithelial tissue

a sheet of cells that covers an exposed surface or lines an internal cavity or passageway. Includes tissue and glands that excrete mucus

Transitional epithelia

found in bladder. can be two shapes: squamous and cuboidal. Squamous when bladder is full, and cuboidal when bladder is empty. Permits expansion and recoil.

Simple cuboidal epithelia

found in glands and ducts

Stratified cuboidal

found in the lining of some ducts (rare)

Stratified columnar

found in the salivary gland duct.

Simple columnar

found in the stomach. one layer that is thicker, provides protection from the stomach acids

Mode of secretions

merocrine, apocrine, and halocrine (simplest to most complex). Merocrine releases secretions to the surface. Apocrine will release the apical portion of the cell, nuclei is still intact. Halocrine: cell division replaces lost cells, cells produce secretions increasing in size, and eventually burst releasing cytoplasmic content.

lateral rotation the humerus at the shoulder

moving the arm in the transverse plane so that the medial aspect is now on the lateral side

Stratified squamous

offer protection. found on the skin, mouth, throat, vagina

Functions of epithelial tissue

provide protection, control permeability, provide sensation, produce secretions

Classification of epithelia

simple, stratified. simple squamous, stratified squamous,

irregular

A verterbra is an example of what type of bone

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Actually has one layer but it appears to have more than one. Found in the respiratory system.

they start to die

As cells are pushed from deeper layers of the epidermis towards the surface:

lumbar hyperlordosis; anterior

Bob is an overweight patient with an excessively large beer belly.

Characteristics of epithelia

Cellularity (cells bounded closely together), polarity (uneven distribution of organelles towards the bottoms), attachment (all epithelial are attached to a basal lamina), avascularity (no blood vessels), arranged into sheets/layers, regeneration (stem cells)

Simple squamous

Don't offer much protection. the lining of heart and blood vessels

epiphyseal plate

In younger individuals who are still growing, the diaphysis and epiphysis are separated by:

Upper left

Most of the stomach is located in which quadrant:

cartilaginous amphiarthrosis

the joint between the two pubic bones is an example of what type of joint

hinge joint

the joints between phalanges are example of a

manubrium

the sternal end of the clavicle articulates with the

Glandular epithelia

two types: exocrine, and endocrine. Exocrine release secretion to the surface. Endocrine discharge their secretions to the interstitial fluid.

radial head; radial notch

what are the bone features that allow supination/pronation?

greater trochanter

which bone feature is a muscle attachment site that would attach with a muscle involved with movement at the hip joint

reducing friction in a tendon

which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid