Exam 1 Quizzes

True or false - BMI is a measure of body composition. a. true b. false

false

The vast majority of diagnosed cases of diabetes in the U.S. are ____________________. a. type I b. type II c. type III d. gestational

type II

The Paleolithic era ended with what is commonly referred to as the "agricultural revolution," and occurred in about __________________ BCE. a. 100,000 b. 50,000 c. 10,000 d. 2,000

10,000

If a 20 year old college student with a resting heart rate of 70 beats per minute wanted to exercise at 60% of her heart rate reserve, what heart rate would she target? (HINT! How can you estimate her maximal heart rate?) a. 78 b. 130 c. 148 d. 200

148

According to data from CDC, there was an obvious increase in the rates of adult obesity in the US, a trend that began in about _____________. a. 1770 b. 1900 c. 1980 d. 2005

1980

As highlighted in the paper by Booth and Hawley (2015), a dramatic increase in the rate of acceleration in diabetes prevalence occurred in about _____________. a. 10,000 BCE b. 1900 c. 1980 d. 1992

1992

According to the study by Hayes et al. (2005), the average non-athletic adult exhibits a ratio of activity energy expenditure: resting energy expenditure of about ___________, a ratio indicating a level of physical activity that is probably insufficient for optimal health. a. 1:5 b. 1:2 c. 1:1 d. 2:1

1:2

According to a paper that we discussed in class (Mandsager et al., 2018), in heart patients, mortality is about two times higher in those who's cardiorespiratory fitness is in the lowest ________ percentile, compared with the rest of the sample. a. 10 b. 25 c. 50 d. 90

25

Cardiac rehabilitation programs have been shown to be capable of reducing the likelihood of a future events in heart patients, and reduces heart-related mortality by about _______% in many large follow-up studies. a. 6 b. 12 c. 20 d. 26

26

A MET is an abbreviation for "metabolic equivalent," and is typically assigned an oxygen uptake (VO2) of __________________ ml/kg/min. a. 3.5 b. 5.0 c. 10.0 d. 100.0

3.5

"Detraining" is a training principle that emphasizes how quickly fitness can decrease when exercise is terminated, and was highlighted in a study we discussed showing that 20 days of bed rest resulted in reductions in aerobic fitness similar to that associated with ________ of ageing. a. 60 days b. 1 year c. 10 years d. 30 years

30 years

According to the CDC, between ______________% of adults in Georgia were obese as of 2017. a. < 20 b. 20-25 c. 25-30 d. 30-35

30-35

While there are exceptions, most studies that examine the causes of chronic disease indicate that genetics explains about ___________% of the variation in health-related outcomes, with lifestyle factors explain most of the rest. a. 10-20 b. 30-50 c. 60-80 d. 90-95

30-50

MET-minutes or MET-hours are common units for quantifying the volume of physical activity someone does, and exercising at 5 METs for 60 minutes would result in an accumulation of _________________ MET-minutes of activity a. 5 b. 30 c. 60 d. 300

300

Someone exercising at an intensity of 10 METs would exhibit a VO2 of about ___________ ml/kg/min. (HINT! - what is the VO2 associated with 1 MET?) a. 3.5 b. 10 c. 35 d. 70

35

According to this figure, someone who reaches the 25th percentile of cardiorespiratory fitness realizes a ________% reduction in risk of acquiring cardiovascular disease or coronary heart disease compared to those who are less fit. a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40

40

According to ACSM, "moderate intensity" is associated with a workload or ____________% of heart rate reserve. a. 20-40 b. 30-50 c. 40-60 d. 50-70

40-60

According to the ACSM's position stand on exercise and blood pressure, an acute bout of activity can be expected to reduce systolic blood pressure by about ___________ mmHg, on average. a. 1-2 b. 5-7 c. 8-10 d. 12-15

5-7

The range on the Borg scale of RPE is from ______ to _______, with each odd number being assigned a descriptor. a. 1; 10 b. 5; 10 c. 6; 20 d. 1; 100

6; 20

Most researchers report that the relationship between obesity and diabetes is such that about _________% of adults with type 2 diabetes are obese. a. 40 b. 60 c. 80 d. 90

80

According to the maps from CDC that we looked at in class, more than __________% of adults in GA had been diagnosed with diabetes as of 2015. a. 6 b. 9 c. 12 d. 15

9

Booth and Hawley suggest that _________________ has/have the potential to increase physical activity in adults over the coming years. a. technology/fitness trackers b. high-intensity interval training c. medical practice and the advance of individualized behavioral prescriptions d. Booth and Hawley suggest that all of the above may affect adherence to physical activity in coming years

Booth and Hawley suggest that all of the above may affect adherence to physical activity in coming years

As we saw in class, when someone is exercising at about 60% of his/her heart rate reserve, he/she is also very nearly at 60% of his/her ________________. a. VO2 max b. maximal heart rate c. peak anaerobic power d. VO2 reserve

VO2 reserve

Data from Paffenbarger showed that people who engaged in at least 2,000 kcals of activity per week had a lower risk of sustaining a heart attack than those who accumulated less than 2,000 kcals of activity per week in all of the following EXCEPT _______________________. a. people with hypertension b. people with diabetes c. smokers d. accumulating a minimum of 2,000 kcals of activity per week was protective against a heart attack in all of these groups

accumulating a minimum of 2,000 kcals of activity per week was protective against a heart attack in all of these groups

All of the following are levels of the Social Ecological Model of behavior EXCEPT ______________. a. the individual b. social influences c. the environment d. governmental policy e. all of the above are levels of the Social Ecological Model of behavior

all of the above are levels of the Social Ecological Model of behavior

Each of the following may indicate that someone is overtraining, EXCEPT ______________. a. sleeping difficulties b. unexplained reductions in performance c. chronic fatigue/muscle pain d. changes (usually increases) in resting heart rate e. all of the above may indicated that someone is overtraining

all of the above may indicated that someone is overtraining

One characteristic that we have inherited and is programmed into our genes is _______________________. a. a predisposition for obesity b. a capacity to successfully regulate blood sugar while being mostly sedentary c. an expectation for a relatively high "threshold" for physical activity/exercise d. the capacity to lower appetite to levels that are effective even in very sedentary people

an expectation for a relatively high "threshold" for physical activity/exercise

The study and application of exercise physiology is interested in acute responses and adaptations to chronic exercise. An example of an "acute response" to, for example, a bout of jogging, would be __________________________. a. an increase in resting metabolic rate b. an increase in mitochondrial density in type I muscle fibers c. an increase in one repetition maximum (1RM) in the squat exercise d. an increase in heart rate and blood pressure during the exercise session

an increase in heart rate and blood pressure during the exercise session

All of the following are commonly considered to be elements of health-related physical fitness EXCEPT ______________________. a. anaerobic power b. cardiorespiratory fitness c. muscular strength/endurance d. body composition

anaerobic power

According to the "running and mortality" study published by Lee et al. (2015), only those who run for at least ____________ minutes each week realize a significant reduction in all-cause mortality compared with non-runners. a. 60 b. 30 c. 15 d. any regular running was protective against all-cause mortality compared with non-runners

any regular running was protective against all-cause mortality compared with non-runners

Atherosclerosis can cause all of the following EXCEPT ___________________. a. coronary heart disease b. stroke c. peripheral artery disease d. atherosclerosis can cause all of these conditions

atherosclerosis can cause all of these conditions

In terms of developing health-related goals, it's usually best if the goals are focused on changes in ___________________. a. behavior b. body fat percentage c. muscular strength d. aerobic (cardiorespiratory) fitness

behavior

If someone has good metabolic flexibility, he/she ______________________________. a. has good range of motion in most major body segments b. has a relatively high resting metabolic rate c. can readily transition between using mostly fat as fuel and mostly carbohydrate as fuel, depending on circumstances d. is mostly dependent on carbohydrate as a fuel source regardless of activity intensity

can readily transition between using mostly fat as fuel and mostly carbohydrate as fuel, depending on circumstances

Lee et al. (1999) examined the influence of ________________ and ______________ on the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in adult men. a. muscular strength; resting metabolic rate b. cardiorespiratory fitness; body composition c. muscular strength; cardiorepespiratory fitness d. cardirorespiratory fitness; muscular endurance

cardiorespiratory fitness; body composition

Of the three components that we discussed as being necessary "ingredients" for atherosclerosis to progress, hypertension is most strongly linked with ______________. a. causing endothelial/vessel wall injury b. causing inflammation c. increasing levels of oxidizable lipid in the blood

causing endothelial/vessel wall injury

The "overload principle" says that ____________________________________. a. the body adapts to training in a manner that is consistent with the training stimuli b. continued improvements in fitness require levels of exertion to which the body has not yet fully adapted c. adequate rest and nutrition during recovery are important in continuing to improve fitness d. "negative" adaptations (e.g., lower physical fitness) are common responses to interruptions or cessation in exercise training

continued improvements in fitness require levels of exertion to which the body has not yet fully adapted

Physical activity guidelines recommend that children (age 6-17) accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate/vigorous physical activity each ___________. a. day b. week c. month

day

Life expectancy in the 20th century increased about 30 years, a huge increase in just 100 years, and much of that increase was brought about by ____________________. a. large increases in physical activity b. reductions in outdoor activity c. eradication of many infectious diseases d. significant reductions in non-communicable (chronic) disease prevalence

eradication of many infectious diseases

"___________________" is defined as a form of physical activity that is planned and usually characterized as somewhat vigorous, and performed for purposes of achieving specific health and/or fitness objectives. a. Aerobic power b. Body composition c. Exercise d. Activity of daily living

exercise

True or false - according to Lee et al., it is "safer" to be lean and unfit, than it is to be obese and fit, with regard to dying from cardiovascular disease. a. true b. false

false

True or false - guidelines for older adults recommend a significantly reduced volume of physical activity compared to what is recommended for younger adults. a. true b. false

false

True or false - in adults with low cardiorespiratory fitness, only achievement of very high levels of fitness are likely to result in significant improvements in health. a. true b. false

false

True or false - life expectancy in the U.S. is higher than it is anywhere else in the world. a. true b. false

false

The findings of Lee et el. (1999) showed that good aerobic fitness is protective against cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in all of the following men EXCEPT FOR __________________. a. men with high amounts of fat-free mass b. men with low amounts of fat mass c. with high amounts of fat mass d. good aerobic fitness was protective against mortality in all of the above groups

good aerobic fitness was protective against mortality in all of the above groups

In the assigned paper by Paffengarger et al., the primary outcome measure (dependent variable) was ______________________. a. all-cause mortality b. cardiovascular disease c. heart attack d. diabetes

heart attack

In the US, _______________ remains the leading cause of death (as of 2016). a. obesity/type 2 diabetes b. heart disease c. cancer d. lower pulmonary disease

heart disease

Several studies examining the influence of sitting time on mortality show that ____________________. a. sitting time has almost no effect on all-cause mortality b. only those who don't exercise are negatively affected by prolonged sitting c. high volumes of sitting increase mortality even in those who exercise regularly

high volumes of sitting increase mortality even in those who exercise regularly

With very rare exceptions, most research studies that address barriers to exercise list _______________ as the most commonly cited reason that people say they are not sufficiently active. a. lack of social support b. insufficient time c. pain d. lack of knowledge

insufficient time

We discussed two influences of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle - _______________ and ______________. a. testosterone; exercise b. caffeine; insulin c. insulin; muscle contraction d. insulin; testosterone

insulin; muscle contraction

Although all of these have been shown to be associated with chronic disease, recent reports (including one from Dr. Blair) indicate that _______________ is the most predictive of all-cause mortality. a. obesity b. vaping c. high blood pressure d. low cardiorespiratory fitness

low cardiorespiratory fitness

"Physical activity" can be expressed in all of the following units EXCEPT _________________. a. steps per day b. kcals per week c. maximal VO2 d. all of the above can be used as expressions of physical activity

maximal VO2

______________ are immune cells (white blood cells) that bind at the site of endothelial injury and begin the development of a lesion which, over time, can progress into a plaque. a. Erythrocytes b. Cytokines c. Monocytes d. Foam cells

monocytes

"Self efficacy" can be defined as ____________________________. a. a general sense of self worth or self esteem b. an overall sense of self confidence c. one's confidence in his/her ability to adopt and maintain a specific behavior d. the difference between how one views him/herself and how others see him/her

one's confidence in his/her ability to adopt and maintain a specific behavior

We watched a brief video showing the performance of Wingate tests being administered to hockey players. This test is used to determine ___________________. a. aerobic fitness b. body composition c. peak anaerobic power d. muscular strength

peak anaerobic power

According to our definition, all of the following are examples of "chronic disease" EXCEPT ______________________. a. Polio b. prostate cancer c. type 2 diabetes . ischemic heart disease

polio

Of the following, who would be accumulating the LOWEST volume of physical activity each week? (HINT - calculate the dose of MET-minutes accumulated by each.) a. someone who jogs at 10 METs for 15 minutes per week. b. someone who walks at 2.5 METs for 60 minutes per week c. someone who cycles at 7 METs for 40 minutes per week d. someone who runs at 12 METs for 10 minutes each week

someone who runs at 12 METs for 10 minutes each week

Maximal cardiac output is a key factor in determining a person's aerobic capacity. Cardiac output is equal to _______________ x _________________. a. heart rate; blood pressure b. blood pressure; stroke volume c. arterial-venous oxygen difference; heart rate d. stroke volume; heart rate

stroke volume; heart rate

An early study by Jeremy Morris showed that, in _______________, there was a relationship between cardiac events and levels of activity. a. older adults b. transportation workers c. midshipmen d. Harvard alumni

transportation workers

According to Booth et al. (2002), our genome has been largely unchanged for about __________________years. a. 50 b. 200 c. 500 d. 10,000

10,000