Exam 1 Review

HCO^-3

A component of an important extracelluar buffer in the human body is a. NaCl b. H+ c. HCl d. HCO^-3

Secondary active transport

What is a symporter classified as

Carrier

What is the structural classification of the symporter?

15:1

What ratio of arachadonic acid (omega 6) to omega 3 consistently beings all of the following diseases: alzhimers, diabetes type 2, pain, arthritis, cancer, autoimmune diseases, heart disease and stroke?

both a and b; iron and chromium

What trace elements used transferrin as transport from the liver to the cell? a. iron b.chromium c. Ca++ d. mg++ e. Both a and b

Diffusion is rapid over short distances but much slower over long distances

Which property of diffusion best helps explain the necessity of the circulatory system in the human body?

Diffusion rate is fast over short distances but much slower over long distances

Which property of diffusion best helps explain the necessity of the circulatory system in the human body?

Epithelial: Lateral

You look under a microscope and the tissue has no blood vessels and has several layers...what is the tissue and what domains are these attachments located at?

Epithelial/Lateral

You look under the microscope and the tissue has no blood vessels and has several layers...what is the tissue and what domain are these attachments located at?

the presence of extensive extra cellular matrix containing widely scattered cells

The distinguishing characteristic of connective tissue is

ADMA up regulates nitric oxide

All of the following are true about Arginine except... a. is a precursor to nitric acid b. plays an important role in vasdodilation c. ADMA up regulates nitric acid d. is used up during extensive atrium myloperoxate secretion c.ADMA needs vitamin C and vitamin A as cofactors

c. simple diffusion

All of the following are types of mediated transport except one. Identify the exception. a. Facilitated b. primary active transport c. simple diffusion

COX1 and COX2 irreversibly

Aspirin inhibits

selectins

Blood clotting after a nail goes though your hand is what type of junction?

Selections

Bob is trying to use a nail gun for the 1st time. He decides not to read instructions...shoots the nail through his hand. A clot will form to stop the bleeding, platelets use a certain type of cell junction aid in rolling. What type of junction is it?

8.5pH (base)

Calculate the pH from a specific [H+]. Calculate the pH if the concentration of acid is 3.2X10^-9M. (Knowing that pH = -log[H+])

A group of carrier proteins are operating at their max rate

Carrier saturation occurs when?

presence of extra cellular matrix containing widely scattered cells

The distinguishing characteristic of connective tissue is...?

ATP is necessary for active transport but not for facilitated diffusion

Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in that

all of the above

Gated Channels for sodium ions may include... (Reasoning: Voltage Responds to electrical voltage, mechanical responds to pressure & chemical responds to ligand)

Pancreas

Given stratified cubodial, what organ is the most likely source of metastasis?

have lower concentrations of solutes than hypersmotic solutions

Hyposmotic solutions

GLA

In omega 6 class of eicosanoids what is the next step that occurs after linoleic acid has been converted by the desaturase enzymes?

GLA

In omega 6 class of eicosanoids what is the next step that occurs with linoleic acid has been converted by the desaturase enzymes?

PGE3 increased cancer invasions by 2.5 times

In the Journal of Lipid Research 2005, the omega 3 fish oil inhibited some of the most deadly cancer causing eiocosinoids. Which of the following is not a true statement in regards to the paper?

phospholipase A2

Lithium inhibits

COX 1 and COX 2 reversibly but also strongly inhibits Thromboxane

NASIDS inhibits...

Transytosis

Once amylace and lipase are secreted into the duodenum they are taken up by the lumen, they then pass from the apical side and then through the basal side through transports are are eventually taken to the blood stream....this describes what?

Transcytosis

Once amylace and lipase are secreted into the duodenum.....this describes what?

heart attack

PGE2 is not responsible for

no cellular energy

Passive transport refers to a process that requires

Competitive binding

The COX and LOX enzymes have a higher affinity for converting omega 3 fatty acids than omega 6. The best fit definition of ______________?

Competitive binding

The COX and LOX enzymes have a higher affinity for converting omega 3 fatty acids than omega-6. The best fit definition of.....?

excocytosis

The means by which a cell transports large molecules out of the cell is called....

True

The omega-3 fatty acid eicosanoid pathway uses the same cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes as do the omega-6 fatty acid eicosanoid pathway. True or false?

False

True or False? Mitochondria contains no DNA or RNA

False

True or false? the extra cellular fluid comprises of only plasma fluid

only COX2 enzyme (why you don't see the bleeding)

Tylenol inhibits

1,3,6,7,11

Use the following list to choose all that are major extracellular ions or ion non electrolytes: 1) Na+ 2)Mg+ 3)Cl- 4)Sulfate 5) Phosphate 6) HCO3- 7) Glucose 8) Cholesterol 9) K+ 10) Amino Acids 11) Ca+ 12) Protien

Simple diffusion

Water is a polar molecules, yet it easily moves through the nonpolar portions of cell membranes. Which transport process is responsible?

COX-1 and DHGLA (DGLA)

What enzymes and eicosanoid makes PGE1?

COX1 and DHGLA

What enzymes and eicosanoid makes PGE1?

Corn

Which of the oils put in foods has an omega-3 ratio of 75:1?

e) all of the above

When a small amount of hydrochloric acid is added to Na2HPO4 the PH of the solution does not change. The PH does not change when a small amount of NaOH is added either because on these observations the compound NaH2PO4 is A) able to accept extra hydrogen ions from the HCL B) able to donate hydrogen ions to the OH- from NaOH c) acting as a buffer d) is a salt formed from reacting a strong base with a week acid e) all of the above

c. GABA

Which is of the following neurotransmitters are inhibitory in nature and down regulate glutamic acid? a. dopamine b. serotonin c. GABA d. none of the above

d. Cadmium

Which of the folllowing toxic elements gave high blood pressure due to endothelial damages? a. lead b. Mercury c. Arsenic d. Cadmium e. none of the above

b .the thickness of the lipid bilayer (still goes through just not as fast)

Which of the following does not influence membrane permeability? a. size of the diffusing molecules b. thickness of the lipid bilayer c.the lipid solubility of the diffusing molecule d.the composition of the lipid bilayer e. all of the above

Resp. Bronchial

Which of the following is a pseudostratified epithelium?

facilitated

Which of the following is a way for solutes in an aqueous solution to move from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration?

c. Magnesium is predominate extracellular molecule

Which of the following is not true about magnesium? a. K+ repletion sometimes cannot occur without mg due to the ROMK channel b. Magnesium is a potent vasodialator because it transport Ca++ out of the cell c. Magnesium is predominate extracellular molecule d. Magnesium is the most important macromolecule such as being co-factor in 9 or 11 steps of Krebs Cycle d. all of the above are true

all of the above

Which of the following molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion? (Reasoning: lipids, steroids, and water can all move across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion)

Heart attack

Which of the following was PGE2 not responsible for?