Exam 1 RNSG1533

Nondepolarizing NMJ blockers are metabolized in the serum. A) True B) False

A) True

Two types of obesity are recognized: upper body obesity and lower body obesity. How is the type of obesity determined? A) Waist/hip circumference B) Chest circumference/weight C) Waist circumference/weight D) Chest/hip circumference

A) Waist/hip circumference

After a 3-month trial of dietary therapy, a client with type 2 diabetes still has blood glucose levels above 180 mg/dl (9.99mmol/L). The physician adds glyburide, 2.5 mg P.O. daily, to the treatment regimen. The nurse should instruct the client to take the glyburide: A) at breakfast. B) in mid-morning. C) at bedtime. D) 30 minutes after dinner.

A) at breakfast

A client with diabetes mellitus has sudden onset of slurred speech, incoordination, and cool, clammy skin. What will the nurse do first? A) Provide cheese and crackers B) Check blood glucose C) Notify the physician D) Administer glucose

B) Check blood glucose

A client with diabetes mellitus is prescribed to switch from animal to synthesized human insulin. Which factor should the nurse monitor when caring for the client? A) Low blood glucose concentration B) Hypertonicity C) Polyuria D) Allergic reactions

A) Low blood glucose concentration

Which maternal factor contributes to an infant having macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia? A) Maternal diabetes B) Maternal nutrition C) Fetal gene disorder D) Fetal chromosome disorder

A) Maternal diabetes

A nurse helps a patient recently diagnosed with a pituitary adenoma understand that: A) Most tumors produce too much of one or more hormones. B) Most tumors are malignant (>90%). C) The cause is directly related to prior exposure to radiation. D) Transcranial surgery is usually necessary to remove the tumor.

A) Most tumors produce too much of one or more hormones.

A client has developed increased resorption of bone with removal of mineral content. This is most likely the result of: A) Osteoclasts B) Osteoprogenitors C) Osteoblasts D) Osteocytes

A) Osteoclasts

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of students about the action of hormones. The instructor determined that teaching was effective when the students recognize the local action of hormones as: A) Paracrine B) Hormonal C) Pancreatic D) Autocrine

A) Paracrine

Which nursing action would the nurse include when caring for a client with endemic goiter and experiencing respiratory symptoms? A) Providing a diet high in iodine. B) Elevating the head of the bed. C) Avoiding physical exertion. D) Providing proper air circulation in the room.

B) Elevating the head of the bed.

A patient with diabetes is admitted to the hospital with a blood sugar level of 320 mg/dL. Why should the nurse monitor fluid intake and output for this patient? A) Polyuria results from osmotic diuresis, which is compensatory to hyperglycemia. B) Decreased blood osmolarity causes fluid to shift into the interstitial spaces, resulting in polydipsia. C) Polydipsia occurs when glucose catabolism is accelerated, thereby increasing the body's need for fluids. D) The blood's hypotonicity will result in tissue fluid retention and weight gain.

A) Polyuria results from osmotic diuresis, which is compensatory to hyperglycemia

A client is admitted to the hospital for further evaluation of problems experienced with gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. The nurse anticipates the health care provider will further assess the: A) Small intestine B) Intestinal lumen C) Sigmoid colon D) Large bowel

A) Small intestine

A young, healthy adult helps lift a sofa to move it 25 feet. The nurse knows that which source of energy will the client most likely use in this process? A) Stored ATP B) Amino acids C) Glucose D) Fatty acids

A) Stored ATP

When hypofunction of an endocrine organ is suspected, which type of diagnostic test can be administered to measure and assess target gland response? A) Hormone stimulation B) 24-hour urine C) Agglutination D) Antibody binding

A) Hormone stimulation

Which of the following hormones would the nurse identify as being secreted by the thyroid gland? A) Thyroxine B) Parathormone C) Thymosin D) Somatotropin

A) Thyroxine

A client with diabetes mellitus states, "I can eat as many carbohydrates as I want and it will not affect my blood sugar." What is the nurse's best response? A) "Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides before being absorbed." B) "You are correct." C) "Carbohydrates do not affect blood glucose." D) "Clients with diabetes cannot eat carbohydrates."

A) "Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides before being absorbed."

A 3-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes. Her parents are currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse. How can the nurse best explain to the parents the etiology (cause) of their daughter's diabetes? A) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that produce insulin." B) "It's not known exactly why your daughter has completely stopped making insulin, and treatment will consist of your rigidly controlling her diet." C) "This tendency to produce insufficient amounts of insulin is likely something that she inherited." D) "Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play a part in the fact that her pancreas secretes and withholds insulin at the wrong times."

A) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that produce insulin."

The client presents with symptoms consistent with hypogonadism. For a diagnosis of hypogonadism, the nurse expects which diagnostic test to be ordered? A) Total testosterone levels B) Thyroid stimulating hormone level C) Growth releasing hormone level D) Nitric oxide level

A) Total testosterone levels

After having a very stressful day in pathophysiology class, the student knows that which hormone (secreted by the adrenal cortex) will help decrease the effects of stress? A) Dehydroepiandrosterone, an adrenal androgen B) Cortisol, a glucocorticoid C) Androstenedione, an adrenal androgen D) Aldosterone, a mineralocorticosteroid

B) Cortisol, a glucocoticoid

The newborn nursery nurse is obtaining a blood sample to determine if a newborn has congenital hypothyroidism. What long-term complication is the nurse aware can occur if this test is not performed and the infant has congenital hypothyroidism? A) Dehydration from diarrhea B) Cretinism C) Accelerated growth D) Irritability and restlessness

B) Cretinism

A client tells his health care provider that his body is changing. It used to be normal for his blood glucose to be higher during the latter part of the morning. However, now his fasting blood glucose level is elevated in the early AM (07:00). The health care provider recognizes the client may be experiencing: A) Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) B) Dawn phenomenon C) Possible stress-related hypoglycemia D) Somogyi effect

B) Dawn phenomenon

The nurse is teaching the client how to administer insulin. Which instruction should the nurse include? A) "Discard the intermediate-acting insulin if it appears cloudy." B) "First withdraw clear, then cloudy insulin when mixing insulins in the same syringe." C) "Shake the vials before withdrawing the insulin." D) "Administer the rapid-acting insulin 30 minutes before a meal."

B) "First withdraw clear, then cloudy insulin when mixing insulins in the same syringe."

A student is comparing the two patterns of contractions in the small intestine. Which statement is most accurate? A) "The frequency of segmenting activity decreases after a meal." B) "Segmentation waves function mainly to mix the chyme with the digestive enzymes from the pancreas." C) "Peristaltic movements begin in the cecum." D) "Peristaltic movements drive the contents forward and backward."

B) "Segmentation waves function mainly to mix the chyme with the digestive enzymes from the pancreas."

The nurse obtains a complete family history of a client with a suspected endocrine disorder based on which rationale? A) It helps determine the client's general status. B) Endocrine disorders can be inherited. C) Diet and drug histories are related to the family history. D) An allergy to iodine is inherited.

B) Endocrine disorders can be inherited.

The nurse is preparing to interview a client with cirrhosis. Based on an understanding of this disorder, which question would be most important to include? A) "What type of over-the-counter pain reliever do you use?" B) "Does your work expose you to chemicals?" C) "How often do you drink alcohol?" D) "Have you had an infection recently?"

C) "How often do you drink alcohol?"

Which statement best indicates that a client understands how to administer his own insulin injections? A) "If I'm not feeling well, I can get a friend or neighbor to help me." B) "I need to wash my hands before I give myself my injection." C) "I wrote down the steps in case I forget what to do." D) "I need to be sure no air bubbles remain."

C) "I wrote down the steps in case I forget what to do."

A client with type 1 diabetes has a highly elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the client, the nurse is most accurate in stating: A) "The test must be repeated following a 12-hour fast." B) "It looks like you aren't following the ordered diabetic diet." C) "It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months." D) "Your insulin regimen must be altered significantly."

C) "It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months."

A client has a decreased level of thyroid hormone being excreted. What will the feedback loop do to maintain the level of thyroid hormone required to maintain homeostatic stability? A) Stimulate more hormones using the positive feedback system B) Produce a new hormone to try and regulate the thyroid function C) Stimulate more hormones using the negative feedback system D) The feedback loop will be unable to perform in response to low levels of thyroid hormone.

C) Stimulate more hormones using the negative feedback system.

A nurse is assessing a client with Cushing's syndrome. Which observation should the nurse report to the physician immediately? A) frequent urination B) pitting edema of the legs C) an irregular apical pulse D) dry mucous membranes

C) an irregular apical pulse

The healthcare provider of a client with oral cancer has ordered the placement of a GI tube to provide nutrition and to deliver medications. What would be the preferred route? A) gastrostomy B) orogastric intubation C) nasogastric intubation D) nasoenteric intubation

C) nasogastric intubation

A client is not able to absorb vitamin B12. The nurse determines that the client is deficient in: A) peptic (chief cells), which secrete pepsinogen. B) S cells, which secrete secretin. C) mucous neck cells, which secrete mainly mucus. D) parietal (oxyntic) cells, which secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.

D) parietal (oxyntic) cells, which secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.

A patient has been identified as a poor metabolizer for a drug that undergoes CYP 450 metabolism. The nurse interprets this information as indicating which of the following? A) The therapeutic response would be less. B) Drug absorption would be more rapid. C) The patient will need a higher dosage of medication. D) The patient is at increased risk for toxicity.

D) The patient is at increased risk for toxicity.

A nurse is educating a group of adolescent girls on bone and teeth growth. Which fat-soluble vitamin assists to build bone and teeth? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin E C) Vitamin K D) Vitamin D

D) Vitamin D

A nurse in a psychiatric inpatient unit is caring for a client with generalized anxiety disorder. As part of the client's treatment, the psychiatrist orders lorazepam, 1 mg by mouth three times per day. During lorazepam therapy, the nurse should remind the client to: A) stay out of the sun. B) maintain an adequate salt intake. C) avoid aged cheeses. D) avoid caffeine.

D) avoid caffeine.

A client has a congenital disorder that disrupts of the function of the Golgi apparatus within cells. This disorder would affect what aspect of cellular metabolism? A) Functioning of digestive enzymes to break down substances B) Synthesis of lipids, cholesterol, and some hormones C) Production of proteins important to the cell's structure D) Processing and packaging of hormones for excretion

D) Processing and packaging of hormones for excretion

The nurse screening for diabetes mellitus at a health fair obtains these results. Which client should be referred to a primary health care provider for further evaluation? A) Hemoglogin A1C 6.0% (.06) B) Urine ketones 0 C) Fasting blood glucose 89 mg/dL (4.94 mmol/L) D) Random blood glucose 195 mg/dL (10.82 mmol/L)

D) Random blood glucose 195 mg/dL (10.82 mmol/L)

A nurse is assessing a client after a thyroidectomy. The assessment reveals muscle twitching and tingling, along with numbness in the fingers, toes, and mouth area. The nurse should suspect which complication? A) Laryngeal nerve damage B) Thyroid storm C) Hemorrhage D) Tetany

D) Tetany

A nurse who works in the office of an endocrinologist is orienting a new staff member. Which teaching point should the nurse include in the orientation? A) "Sometimes hormones act locally on the area where they were produced, as in the case of endocrine actions." B) "It's uncommon for production of hormones to be far removed from the tissue where they ultimately exert their effect." C) "The regulation of homeostasis requires that hormones be absent from the body when their effect is not needed." D) "A single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different locations or processes."

D) "A single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different locations or processes."

The nurse is teaching a client with osteoporosis about optimal dietary choices to reduce the severity of the condition. What instruction should the nurse provide? A) "Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables." B) "Decrease your intake of nuts and seeds." C) "Decrease your intake of red meat." D) "Eat more dairy products such as cheese and yogurt."

D) "Eat more dairy products such as cheese and yogurt."

Which pediatric assessment finding would the nurse recognize as an example of precocious puberty? A) A 16-year-old male with genital enlargement and pubic hair growth B) A 12-year-old male with advanced growth C) A 13-year-old female with menarche and a recent growth spurt D) A 7-year-old female with early menarche

D) A 7-year-old female with early menarche

The most common type of goiter is caused by lack of which of the following? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Iodine

D) Iodine

A nurse is discussing nutrition and weight control with clients during a class about diabetes. Which statement best reflects the purpose of nutritional management of diabetes? A) to maintain cholesterol levels to prevent the long-term complications of vascular disease B) to increase exercise and monitor weight to stay within a recommended healthy weight range C) to meet energy needs by eating only foods that keep blood glucose within a relatively normal range D) to maintain blood glucose levels close to the normal range to reduce risk for long-term complications

D) to maintain blood glucose levels close to the normal range to reduce risk for long-term complications

When discussing the various functions of the cellular parts, the pathophysiology professor asks a group of students, "Where are the primary sites of protein synthesis located in a cell?" Which student response is correct? A) Lysosomes B) Peroxisomes C) Nuclear envelope D) Mitochondria E) Endoplasmic reticulum

E) Endoplasmic reticulum

A nurse is caring for a pregnant client whose fetus has been diagnosed with macrosomia. When reviewing the client's history, which information would the nurse expect to find? A) gestational diabetes B) small body size of mother C) preterm pregnancy D) maternal rickets

A) gestational diabetes

A 55-year-old female client was admitted to the medical unit 2 days ago with liver failure secondary to alcohol use. She's on bed rest with bathroom privileges and has just been up to use the toilet. While helping the client to stand so she can wipe herself, the nurse notices a few drops of blood on top of the semiliquid, clay-colored stool in the toilet. What action should the nurse take next? A) Ask the client if she has noted any blood in her stools lately. B) Nothing. The nurse shouldn't alarm her unnecessarily. C) Ask the client if her gums bled this morning when she brushed her teeth. D) Ask the client if she feels dizzy.

A) Ask the client if she has noted any blood in her stools lately.

A nurse is preparing to palpate a client's thyroid gland. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? A) Encircle the client's neck with both hands, have the client slightly extend his neck, and ask him to swallow. B) Have the client hyperextend his neck and take slow, deep inhalations while she palpates his neck with her fingertips. C) Place her hands around the client's neck, with the thumbs in the front of the neck, and gently massage the anterior neck. D) Have the client flex his neck onto his chest and cough while she palpates the anterior neck with her fingertips.

A) Encircle the client's neck with both hands, have the client slightly extend his neck, and ask him to swallow.

A 62-year-old man who is overweight has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The nurse educator is instructing him in the ways his diabetes can be controlled. The nurse should initially prioritize which action? A) Helping the client make meaningful changes to his diet and activity level. B) Assisting the client with the appropriate choice of oral antihyperglycemics. C) Educating the client about the risks and management of hypoglycemia. D) Teaching the client about the action and safe administration of insulin.

A) Helping the client make meaningful changes to his diet and activity level.

A client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes of the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what does the nurse anticipate seeing? A) Increased levels of ACTH B) Increase in sedimentation rate C) Positive C-reactive protein D) Elevated WBC count

A) Increased levels of ACTH

When caring for an older adult taking a psychotropic medication, the psychiatric nurse must be aware that older adults: A) usually require a lower dose of these medications than do younger counterparts. B) are often refractory to psychotropic medications. C) are always reluctant to take these medications because of stigma and stereotyping. D) are not as sensitive to the effects of the psychotropics, and so are usually given slightly higher doses than in younger people.

A) usually require a lower dose of these medications than do younger counterparts.

A client has a congenital disorder that disrupts of the function of the Golgi apparatus within cells. This disorder would affect what aspect of cellular metabolism? A) Functioning of digestive enzymes to break down substances B) Production of proteins important to the cell's structure C) Processing and packaging of hormones for excretion D) Synthesis of lipids, cholesterol, and some hormones

C) Processing and packaging of hormones for excretion

A client has been brought to the emergency department following an overdose of insulin that resulted in unconsciousness. When explaining the rationale for this to the family, the nurse will emphasize that neurons: A) store glycogen within the brain cavity. B) can cause the liver to convert triglycerides into energy if needed quickly. C) must rely on glucose from the blood to meet their energy needs. D) require many amino acids in order to produce enough energy to function properly.

C) must rely on glucose from the blood to meet their energy needs.

Which hormone counterbalances the effect that the parathyroid hormone has on serum calcium levels? A) Estrogen B) Thyroid hormone C) Aldosterone D) Calcitonin

D) Calcitonin

Which maternal factors should the nurse consider contributory to a newborn being large for gestational age? Select all that apply. A) diabetes mellitus B) postdates gestation C) alcohol use D) prepregnancy obesity E) renal infection

A) diabetes mellitus B) postdates gestation D) prepregnancy obesity

A young child develops type 1A diabetes. The parents ask, "They tell us this is genetic. Does that mean our other children will get diabetes?" The best response by the health care provider would be: A) "We don't know what causes diabetes, so we will just have to wait and see." B) "This autoimmune disorder causes destruction of the beta cells, placing your children at high risk of developing diabetes." C) "If you put all your children on a low-carbohydrate diet, maybe they won't get diabetes." D) "Probably not. Since genetically your other children have a different cellular makeup, they just might not become diabetic."

B) "This autoimmune disorder causes destruction of the beta cells, placing your children at high risk of developing diabetes."

Cells in which organ are unable to regenerate? A) Liver B) Brain C) Kidney D) Pancreas

B) Brain

The nurse is caring for a client post myocardial infarction (MI). Orders include strict bed rest and a clear, liquid diet. What is the nurse's best response to the client who is inquiring about the purpose of the new diet? A) to address the fluctuation in blood sugar B) to reduce the amount of fecal elimination C) to reduce the metabolic workload of digestion D) to improve the gastric acidity of the stomach

C) to reduce the metabolic workload of digestion

A client with diabetes whose husband recently died reports elevated blood glucose levels. She admits she is barely eating anything; she does not feel hungry. How will the nurse best respond to this client? A) "Have you checked the batteries in your glucose monitor recently?" B) "You probably do not realize all that you are eating during this stressful time." C) "The body reacts in strange ways when we go through stressful times." D) "Often with stress, glucose level increases because the body needs more energy."

D) "Often with stress, glucose level increases because the body needs more energy."

A client is experiencing septic shock and infrequent bowel sounds. To ensure adequate nutrition, the nurse administers A) A full liquid diet B) Isotonic enteral nutrition every 6 hours C) An infusion of crystalloids at an increased rate of flow D) A continuous infusion of total parenteral nutrition

D) A continuous infusion of total parenteral nutrition

The mother of 6-year-old male and female fraternal twins has brought her son to see a pediatrician because he is nearly 4 inches shorter than his sister. Which phenomenon would the physician most likely suspect as contributing factor to the boy's short stature? A) Genetic short stature B) Lack of IGF receptors in epiphyseal long bones C) Excess insulin production resulting in chronically low blood glucose levels D) A shortage of hypothalamic GHRH production

D) A shortage of hypothalamic GHRH production

Which of the following terms describes the involuntary flapping movements of the hands associated with metabolic liver dysfunction? A) Paracentesis B) Dialysis C) Ascites D) Asterixis

D) Asterixis

A nurse determines that a male patient has an increased risk for diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension based on the patient's waist circumference. Which waist circumference measurement would lead the nurse to suspect this? A) 41 inches B) 38 inches C) 35 inches D) 32 inches

A) 41 inches

The nurse is teaching health promotion to a class on osteoporosis prevention. The nurse determines that the participants understand the teaching when they identify that clients need how much sun exposure to synthesize sufficient vitamin D? A) 5 to 30 minutes twice a week B) 30 to 60 minutes weekly C) 60 to 90 minutes weekly D) 90 to 120 minutes twice a week

A) 5 to 30 minutes twice a week

A nurse is assigned to care for a group of clients. Which client is most likely to be diagnosed with malabsorption syndrome? A) A 40-year-old with severe inflammatory bowel disease B) A 24-year-old with lactose intolerance C) A 5-year-old taking pancreatic enzymes for cystic fibrosis D) A 36-year-old with acute pancreatitis

A) A 40-year-old with severe inflammatory bowel disease

A nurse is teaching a client recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) about management of "sick days." The client asks the nurse why it is important to monitor the urine for ketones. Which statement is the nurse's best response? A) "When the body does not have enough insulin, hyperglycemia occurs. Excess glucose is broken down by the liver, causing acidic by-products to be released." B) "Ketones accumulate in the blood and urine when fat breaks down in the absence of insulin. Ketones signal an insulin deficiency that will cause the body to start breaking down stored fat for energy." C) "Ketones are formed when insufficient insulin leads to cellular starvation. As cells rupture, they release these acids into the blood." D) "Excess glucose in the blood is metabolized by the liver and turned into ketones, which are an acid."

B) "Ketones accumulate in the blood and urine when fat breaks down in the absence of insulin. Ketones signal an insulin deficiency that will cause the body to start breaking down stored fat for energy."

A nurse is educating the family of a small child with phenylketonuria about meal choices. Which of the following meal choices by the parents indicate to the nurse that they understand the dietary management of this disease? A) A milkshake and a grilled cheese sandwich B) A bowl of dry cereal with strawberries and apple juice C) A steak, mashed potatoes, and orange juice D) A hamburger and a diet pop sweetened with aspartame

B) A bowl of dry cereal with strawberries and apple juice.

A group of students are reviewing material in preparation for a test on the male and female breasts. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following? A) Progesterone is primarily responsible for the growth of breast tissue. B) A primary function of the female breast is to produce milk. C) The breasts contain a limited supply of blood vessels. D) Striated muscle in the nipples contract causing them to become erect.

B) A primary function of the female breast is to produce milk.

The nurse is planning care for a group of female adolescents with either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. The nurse incorporates what common characteristic of both these conditions into the plan of care? A) Comorbid mental illness B) Abnormal concern with body image C) Amenorrhea D) Restriction of caloric intake

B) Abnormal concern with body image

The nurse is caring for a patient with cirrhosis of the liver and observes that the patient is having hand-flapping tremors. What does the nurse document this finding as? A) Ataxia B) Asterixis C) Constructional apraxia D) Fetor hepaticus

B) Asterixis

More patients experience hyperthyroidism than hypothyroidism. A) True B) False

B) False

The nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of adults at a local community center about diabetes. Which of the following would the nurse include as associated with type 2 diabetes? A) Onset most common during adolescence B) Insufficient insulin production C) Less common than type 1 diabetes D) Little relation to prediabetes

B) Insufficient insulin production

A client is taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While the client is taking these medications, what should the client be carefully monitored for relative to the loss of fat cells? A) Constipation B) Lipodystrophy C) Seizures D) Vomiting

B) Lipodystrophy

When performing a physical examination on a client with cirrhosis, a nurse notices that the client's abdomen is enlarged. Which of the following interventions should the nurse consider? A) Report the condition to the physician immediately. B) Measure abdominal girth according to a set routine. C) Provide the client with nonprescription laxatives. D) Ask the client about food intake.

B) Measure abdominal girth according to a set routine.

A client is scheduled for a thyroid panel. The nurse understands that this test would involve which of the following? A) Radioactive iodine uptake test B) Measurement of blood hormone levels C) Radiograph of the neck D) Scan using an injected radioactive substance

B) Measurement of blood hormone levels

A 46-year-old client sustained a closed-head injury 4 hours ago. The client now presents to the emergency department because the client is having difficulty breathing. This is a result of swelling surrounding which brain structure? A) Thalamus B) Medulla oblongata C) Pituitary D) Cerebrum

B) Medulla oblongata

A client receives steroids for several months to treat an inflammatory condition. Which action by the primary health care provider indicates an understanding of the negative feedback mechanism when the client no longer needs the medication? A) Instructing the client to stop taking the medication B) Prescribing a tapering dose of the medication over weeks C) Scheduling a positron emission tomography scan a week after stopping the drug D) Measuring urine catecholamine levels before stopping the drug

B) Prescribing a tapering dose of the medication over weeks

A 26-week gestation pregnant woman has completed a 1-hour glucose screening test. What action should the nurse take first if the glucose level is 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L)? A) Document the results as normal. B) Refer the client for a 3-hour glucose test. C) Instruct the client on proper diet. D) Teach the client how to administer insulin.

B) Refer the client for a 3-hour glucose test.

What statement is true concerning the use of ATP [adenosine triphosphate] by skeletal muscles? A) Skeletal muscles do not use ATP for energy. B) Skeletal muscles use ATP at a rapid rate during exercise. C) Skeletal muscles store ATP during exercise. D) Skeletal muscles increase the use of ATP at rest.

B) Skeletal muscles use ATP at a rapid rate during exercise.

A nurse explains to a client with thyroid disease that the thyroid gland normally produces A) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and TSH. B) T3, thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin. C) iodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). D) TSH, triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin.

B) T3, thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin.

When explaining the role of liver Kupffer cells to a group of nursing students, which statement about the function of these cells is most accurate? A) These cells are the functional unit of the liver and are responsible for all liver secretions. B) The cells are capable of removing and phagocytizing old and defective blood cells. C) The primary function of Kupffer cells is to secrete bile. D) The role of the Kupffer cells is to provide at least 50% of cardiac output each minute to each lobular of the liver.

B) The cells are capable of removing and phagocytizing old and defective blood cells.

A 51-year-old male has been diagnosed with alcohol-induced liver disease. He admits to the nurse he does not understand what the liver does in the body. Which of these statements bestexplains the liver's function? A) The liver contributes to the metabolism of ingested food and provides the fluids that the GI tract requires. B) The liver metabolizes most components of food and also cleans the blood of bacteria and drugs. C) The liver is responsible for the absorption of most dietary nutrients as well as the production of growth hormones. D) The liver maintains a balanced level of electrolytes and pH in the body and stores glucose, minerals and vitamins.

B) The liver metabolizes most components of food and also cleans the blood of bacteria and drugs.

True or false? Bone may take up toxic substances from the circulation, which can be viewed as a protective mechanism. A) False B) True

B) True

For a client with hyperthyroidism, treatment is most likely to include A) a synthetic thyroid hormone. B) a thyroid hormone antagonist. C) emollient lotions. D) thyroid extract.

B) a thyroid hormone antagonist

After administering propylthiouracil (PTU), what effect would the nurse anticipate the drug will have in the client's body? A) destruction of part of the thyroid gland B) inhibited production of thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland C) suppression of the anterior pituitary gland's secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) D) suppression of the hypothalamus's production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

B) inhibited production of thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland

The nurse is caring for an adult client with acromegaly. What medication, administered subcutaneously, would the nurse expect the health care provider to order if the client is not a candidate for other therapy? A) gonadorelin hydrochloride B) octreotide C) nafarelin D) gonadorelin acetate

B) octreotide

An individual is considered obese when their BMI is what value? A) 18.6-24 B) 25-29.9 C) 30-39 D) <18.5

C) 30-39

A patient comes to the clinic at 8 a.m. for a scheduled visit. The nurse obtains the patient's temperature orally. Which finding would the nurse interpret as a potential indicator of a problem? A) 97.2 degrees F B) 98.0 degrees F C) 99.6 degrees F D) 98.4 degrees F

C) 99.6 degrees F

Select the structure primarily responsible for the secretions of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin. A) Endometrium B) Hypothalamus C) Anterior pituitary gland D) Ovaries

C) Anterior pituitary gland

Evaluation of an adult client reveals oversecretion of growth hormone. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? A) Excessive urine output B) Weight loss C) Bulging forehead D) Constant thirst

C) Bulging forehead

A physiology instructor asks the students about the purpose of the promoter region on a DNA strand. Which student response is most accurate? A) Location for protein-coding regions of the mRNA sequences B) Reverses redundant base pairs C) Contains amino acids that the RNA polymerase recognized and binds to, thus starting the replication process D) Delivers activated amino acids to begin mitosis

C) Contains amino acids that the RNA polymerase recognized and binds to, thus starting the replication process

The nurse is caring for a client with liver failure. What process of conversion does the nurse know will be impaired due to the inability of the liver to remove lactic acid from the bloodstream? A) Krebs cycle B) Glycolysis C) Gluconeogenesis D) Oxidative metabolism

C) Gluconeogenesis

The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes. Which of these findings is cause for concern, leading the nurse to initiate client education? A) Glucose level is 80 mg/dL (4.44 mmol/L). B) The client states insulin is produced in the pancreas. C) Hemoglobin A1C level is 8.7%. D) The client is dependent on insulin.

C) Hemoglobin A1C level is 8.7%.

What will the nurse assess as the end result of activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? A) Increased urination B) Increased heart rate C) Increased blood pressure D) Increased respiratory rate

C) Increased blood pressure

NPH is an example of which type of insulin? A) Short-acting B) Long-acting C) Intermediate-acting D) Rapid-acting

C) Intermediate-acting

A nurse, working in a health clinic, treats a variety of conditions on a daily basis. One disorder that is rapidly increasing and is the leading cause of secondary morbidity is: A) Kidney disease B) Coronary heart disease C) Obesity D) Pneumonia

C) Obesity

Students are reviewing information about the glands of the skin. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they state which of the following? A) The sweat glands are responsible for lubricating the hair. B) The sebaceous glands are responsible for sweat secretion. C) The apocrine glands become active at puberty. D) The eccrine glands are primarily located in the axillae.

C) The apocrine glands become active at puberty.

The nurse is caring for a client with polydipsia and large amounts of urine with a specific gravity of 1.003. Which disorder is anticipated? A) diabetes mellitus B) diabetic ketoacidosis C) diabetes insipidus D) SIADH secretion

C) diabetes insipidus

The nurse is reviewing a client's history which reveals that the client has had an oversecretion of growth hormone (GH) that occurred before puberty. The nurse interprets this as which of the following? A) Dwarfism B) Acromegaly C) Simmonds' disease D) Gigantism

D) Gigantism

During periods of fasting and starvation, the glucocorticoid and other corticosteroid hormones are critical for survival because of their stimulation of gluconeogenesis by the liver. When the glucocorticoid hormones remain elevated for extended periods of time, what can occur? A) Portal hypertension B) Adrenal hyperplasia C) Hepatomegaly D) Hyperglycemia

D) Hyperglycemia

An adult client is scheduled for testing of a suspected growth hormone (GH)-secreting tumor. Which result from the glucose suppression test would confirm the condition? A) Hyperinsulinemia B) Hypoglycemia C) Decreased GH levels D) Increased GH secretion

D) Increased GH secretion

The liver has many jobs. One of the most important functions of the liver is to cleanse the portal blood of old and defective blood cells, bacteria in the bloodstream, and any foreign material. Which cells in the liver are capable of removing bacteria and foreign material from the portal blood? A) Davidoff cells B) Epstein cells C) Langerhans cells D) Kupffer cells

D) Kupffer cells