EXAM #1,2,3 Chapter 1-12 and Evicted
The Sexual Revolution took place over time period roughly
20 years
According to Desmond in Evicted, Milwaukee residents tend to rely on who, instead of kin?
Disposable ties
EXAM #3, CHAPTERS 9-12 and Evicted
EXAM #3, CHAPTERS 9-12 and Evicted
Monarchies were, and are, defined as this type of system where power and wealth are inherited and supported by the forced labor of peasants and serfs.
Feudal
Close relations with people we consider family, but who are not actually blood related are known as what?
Fictive Kin
According to Desmond, between 2007 and 2011, which demographic lost the most wealth as a result of the subprime mortgage crisis?
Latino Americans
An example of a moral holiday would include
Mardi Gras
This type of research method is the most efficient is acquiring data, and less demanding of labor
Survey
Primary and secondary agents of socialization are great influencers over whether or not one deviates from social norms. However, this theory states that primary agents of socialization matter most in impact around an individual's conformity.
Differential Association
Those who lose their voting rights, lawfully or unlawfully, permanently or temporarily, are
Disenfranchised
This often happens to poor communities, typically poor communities of color, where rights of citizenship are taken away, or made incredibly difficult to obtain.
Disenfranchisement
This is defined as any category of abuse used to gain control over another. Typically this is experienced within the confines of a family.
Domestic Abuse
This is identified as the value, norms, and practices of a group that is seen as a standard, and that holds nearly all the power in a society.
Dominant Culture
A group that has great power and prestige within a society is known as (the)
Dominant group
In Evicted, Desmond states that there are programs to assist those who need it, and who meet particular requirements, but those programs support
Far too few people
Those with whom we do not share a traditional familial tie, but we consider to be family, and often we rely on a great deal, are known as what?
Fictive Kin
The sociological imagination describes
How social location and social context influences people's lives
In Evicted, many tenants still viewed a neighbor's eviction through what lens?
Individual failure
In Part Three: After of Evicted, Desmond states that because of the bank account stipulation of $1,000 for those who receive SSI, people are dissuaded from what?
Landlords not renting to families because they have children
Because this exists, we have culture. It includes vocalizations, gestures, written symbols, and body language. This is the most common way people communicate with one another. This is what?
Language
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis concluded that
Language provides a perspective on the world.
We can say that the Pope would subscribe to this which seeks a return to fighting for the poor and oppressed.
Liberation theology
In Evicted, Matthew Desmond argues that many landlords have _____ incentive to repair broken down properties.
Little
This is very hard to study as it is rarely reported. It was not thought to even be a crime until relatively recently. Through research it has been identified to occur in three general types: Battering, Non-battering, and perverted.
Marital Rape
This is a formally recognized bond that is legally binding in which two spouses establish rights and obligations between them.
Marriage
Conflict theorists argue that divorce increased because
Marriages were an institution of unbalanced power which was ripe for conflict
These are tangible items associated with a culture including utensils, weaponry, art and other items
Material culture
George Ritzer developed this term to describe the increase in efficiency, dehumanization in a bureaucratized world.
McDonaldization
These are behavioral expectations which come with heavy consequences for deviation from expectations
More
This number informs a nation of the number of people it either gained, lost, or remained numerically neutral based on the number of people entering and leaving during a given year.
Net Migration
This is what you are worth- the total amount of all assets owned minus any debt owed.
Net Worth
These are rules or expected behaviors which should echo the values held in a society. They demonstrate what is acceptable within a culture.
Norms
Karl Marx argues that religion serves as a drug for the proletariat. He called this the
Opium of the masses
To move from a previously held position because of a new data, information, or discovery is described as what?
Paradigm Shift
This is the group that a researcher would like to study. This does not just describe the individuals which were a part of a particular study, but the entirety of the group which a researcher wishes to know more about
Population
In America, this determines where you will live, what school you will attend, and how you will be raised, among many other things.
Social Class
This economic and social system is identified by the ability of people to gain access to property, power, and prestige under which wealth is largely determined.
Social Class
This theoretical perspective explains how social institutions, relationships, economic systems, and political systems perpetuate and motivate inequalities.
Social Conflict Theory
This theoretical perspective studies ways in which the power elite use the legal system to control workers and establish social order to maintain the status quo.
Social Conflict Theory
This is a structure within society that interacts with society on several different levels and benefits society on several levels as well. However, these also shape the behavior of those within society and should be constantly critiqued.
Social Institution
Simply put, this is the study of society
Sociology
Dividing workers among racial/ethnic and gender lines is known as (the/a)
Split Labor MArket
This is the appearance of causation produced by an intervening variable.
Spurious Correlation
Many low level drug dealers find themselves with little other economic options in their geographic and social locations. Thus, the decision to make money which is legally illegitimate is supported by what theory of deviance?
Strain Theory
This theoretical perspective views a society as a machine in which all the interrelated parts work to make the society functional.
Structural Functionalism
Karl Marx argued that this fueled by class conflict. This means history can be understood through the lens of
Struggle between classes. Karl Marx argued that this fueled by class conflict. This means history can be understood through the lens of
These are places of work where workers are exploited for their labor, and are forced to work in unsafe and non-regulated conditions.
Sweatshops
The ideas associated with a cultural group which includes ways of thinking and behaving is known as what? This is sometimes referred to as non-material culture.
Symbolic Culture
This theoretical perspective is more micro in approach and is concerned with the meanings created around symbols in communication.
Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic Interactionists argue that divorce has become more common because of a variety of reasons. One reason is that
The role of marriage partners is changing
Durkheim identified 3 commonalities among world religions studied. One commonality was the development of
The scared and the profane
This is guiding principal of any research which requires the researcher to be organized, and to follow particular steps which lead to results. This typically involves a hypothesis, an observation, an experiment, or other data collection opportunities, and a discussion of findings or results.
The scientific method
The Sexual Revolution was not dependent upon this movement, but rather worked in tandem with the goals of this movement.
The second wave of feminism
THis is defined as the individual's conscious and reflexive experience of identity which is distinct from others
The self
The Thomas theorem states that "if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences." This is important to the development of
The social construction of reality
The Thomas Theorem states that "if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences." This is important to the development of
The social construction of reality.
These have significantly increased the prison population nationwide.
The war on drugs and privatized prisons
Urbanization is the movement of large and increasing numbers of people from rural settings to cities. True or False
True
This is the poorest class of Americans who are chronically unemployed and may depend on public and/or private assistance; this is about 5% of the US population.
Underclass
The feminization of poverty describes what social reality?
Women and children as being most likely to live in poverty
Conflict Theorists argue that the hidden curriculum in education essentially creates nothing but
Workers prepared to enter into a corporate economy.
This sector of the economy is composed of nonprofits where work is mission driven.
Independent Sector
In part One of Evicted, Desmond highlights the ways in which many try to profit off of
**ALL OF THESE** Evictions, Poverty, Pollution and toxins
An example of a status would be
*All of these* parent, student, chef
A master status is
A status which is paramount to other statuses, but which still affects all statuses.
A goal of Sexual Revolution was to
Acknowledge and allow for ownership and exploration of one's sexuality
In the US Department of Education study on school discipline, it was discovered that this category of people were more likely to be punished and were more likely to experience severe punishments.
African Americans
This group of people in the US possess the least amount of net worth after the housing market crash of 2008.
African Americans
School, social groups, mass media, and peer groups are considered to be
Agents of socialization
Both Marx and Weber both agree that this is a reality for workers in a post industrial revolution world, where their labor no longer belongs to them. However, the motivations and effects, are where these theorists disagree.
Alienation
The disconnection between the laborer and her labor or product is known as
Alienation
An example of culture war would be/ has been
All of these
Cultural capital proves to be beneficial to those in a society because a) it provides one with a specialized and/or valued knowledge or skill set. b) sets a standard for what is seen as exceptional. c) allows you to demonstrate your economic capital. d) All of these.
All of these
In the TLC special, Inside Supermax, which of the following exemplified the prison as a bureaucracy? a)Prison guards and inmates have a handbook of rules and regulations b)Prison officials not being concerned with the amount of rehabilitations inmates receive c)Prison guards viewing the prison system as a permanent source of income
All of these
Sex differs from gender in that gender is
All of these
Sociology is concerned with
All of these
The Iron Law of Oligarchy states that
All organization inevitably end up as an oligarchy
Structural functionalists see education as beneficial because it
Allows for the continuation of the status quo.
This is a term developed by Emile Durkheim to describe the sense of normlessness one experiences when social bonds become weak.
Anomie
Desmond makes the case in Evicted that programs designed to help those facing eviction
Are far too small in scale
He is known as the father of sociology and positivism
Auguste Comte
To be as objective as possible, a researcher must come to terms with their own
Biases
This is identified when a crisis occurs and no one intervenes even though many people are present
Bystander Effect
This sociologist is known for his creation of the concept of the sociological imagination which incorporates a specific understanding of history and biography
C. Wright Mills
Sociologists argue the problem with standardized assessments of intelligence is that they
Cannot be completely objective.
Max Weber argued that it is not only religion that matters in social functions, but what religion is practiced. He found that during Purtian times, Protestantism, specifically Calvinism, directly led to the development of
Capitalist economic practices
Although illegal, poor families with ____________ in Milwaukee still find it difficult to secure housing, according to Matthew Desmond.
Children
A shared identity in the means of production is known as
Clas Consciousness
Which of the following would be a characteristic of a bureaucracy?
Clear Divisions of Labor
Marriage is becoming less common that it historically was in part because
Cohabitation is more accepted
This is often referred to as the expected way in which Americans interact and see others within society, despite their ethnic identity.
Color Blind
This is an ideology the denies race or ethnic identity as any reason or impetus for any prejudice or mistreatment that one experiences.
Color-blind Racism
This is a subgroup which holds values to be in opposition to the mainstream culture.
Counterculture
This describes the saturation and/ or influence of one culture on another through the use of media and consumerism rather than traditional force
Cultural Imperialism
This is the entire way of life for a group including material and symbolic elements, which influences the way one sees the world and is passed down from generation to generation.
Culture
This is a common behavior pattern in abusive relationships where the tension builds to a point of explosion.
Cycle of Violence
This is the study of the human population including the ways it changes, what it is comprised of, and how people are distributed.
Demography
Marx argued this as very important for socioeconomic revolution to take place. It described the awareness of belonging to a particular class/possessing a particular status, and being aware of the positions of others as well.
Everyday Class Consciousness
Women are expected to perform these tasks, according to stereotypes, which are centered on the work of supporting the family emotionally. These tasks are known as what?
Expressive tasks
American's who fall in the category of middle class have
Fallen in number
Absolute deprivation is a type of poverty which is typically measured against the median income of a society, It describes being below the standard of living in a particular society. (True or False)
False
According to Pierre Bourdieu, cultural capital can be easily obtained through formal education. (True or False)
False
Antimiscegenation laws were aimed at halting violence within the family. (True or False)
False
Ecoterrorism is the destruction of the environment by those seeking to exploit for profit. True or False
False
Ethnocentrism is the practice of maintaining a sense of other cultures within their own contexts which does not include judgment or comparison to one's own cultural preferences.
False
Folkways allow no room for deviation within a culture. If a folkway is broken within a culture, severe consequences exist.
False
The nuclear family is still an accurate depiction of the typical familial arrangement in the US. (True or False)
False
Sociologically, this is defined as a social group (primary social group) in which there is a legal, biological, and/or emotional tie.
Family
Overall, the best predictor of college attendance is
Family background.
Erving Goffman used the term Dramaturgy to describe the roles we perform in our lives. As we engage in impression management, our roles are performed on the
Front stage
This is the social construction of norms, and expectations around what it means to be male or female in a culture.
Gender
This is the changing of a traditionally poor working class neighborhood into an affluent middle class community through real estate purchases, and cultural influences.
Gentrification
This has changed our understanding of what work means, and where work can be found. Many corporations engage in business irrespective of national borders because of this.
Globalization
In cohesive groups, the tendency to enforce a high degree of conformity among members, creating a demand for unanimous agreement is known as what?
Group Think
This goes further in discussing dominant culture by describing ways in which the dominant group wield power and control
Hegemony
This term is used to describe the establishment of what is standard or labeled as normative in a society based on the dominant social group. This terms is used when studying all aspects of culture including, but not limited to, religion, sexuality, gender, ethnicity, social class, education, and even food. This term is known as what?
Hegemony
Desmond's research determined that people living in distressed areas were more likely to do what for their neighbors?
Help them make ends meet
The tendency to find a romantic partner that is similar in major social characteristics like ethnicity, social class, education level, geographic nativity, religion, etc. is known as what?
Homogamy
We tend to choose marriage partners who are similar to us in many of our statuses. This is known as
Homogamy
When analyzing the global prisoner population, the US
Houses about 25% of the world's prison population
This revolution has led to different economic conditions, as well as access to technology, information, and knowledge.
Information Revolution
These are found within a group, especially volunteer groups, where a few determine or operate the functions of that group.
Inner Circle
This type of discrimination is carried out systematically by institutions that affect all members of a group who interact with it
Institutional Discrimination
Occupying a different social class than your parents is known as
Intergenerational mobility
Conflict Theorists describe the ways in which a country's dominant group exploits minority groups for economic advantage as
Internal Colonialism
Loving vs Virginia was a case argued before the supreme court which overturned laws against what in 1967?
Interracial marriage
This describes the intersection of multiple social characteristics which carry inequities and create a social location in which one occupies and experiences.
Intersectionality
This is an important concept in understanding oppression as many statuses work together in creating the amount of social power you posses.
Intersectionality
An ethnography is a very useful method of research, but one downfall of ethnographic research is that
It cannot be reproduced.
To apply the scientific method in studying the social world is also known as this
Positivism
Matthew Desmond argues that we, as a society, have fallen short in understanding the role housing has (and does) played in the creation of what?
Poverty
The ability to get your way despite resistance is known as
Power
This group causes much doubt around the validity of votes cast, and the ability of citizens in the US to actually evoke political change within government.
Power Elite
This is a social honor people are given because of their membership in well-regarded social groups. This is largely tied to income, however high income does not equal a high level of this, and a job afforded high levels of this does not necessarily equal a high income.
Prestige
This is what people are afforded because they belong to groups that are held in high respect within society (like social class, employment positions, etc.).
Prestige
This is a collection of people who are most important to our sense of self. Our relationship with these people revolve around face to face interaction, relationships lasting long periods of time, and concern for emotional and physical well-being creating the center of this type of group.
Primary Group
This describes the use of sociology in everyday life to better understand social location, and to critique policies which do not benefit the whole of society, as endorsed by the American Sociological Association.
Public Sociology
QUIZ #3, CHAPTER 7 SOCIAL CLASS
QUIZ #3, CHAPTER 7 SOCIAL CLASS
QUIZ #5 CHAPTER 15
QUIZ #5 CHAPTER 15
Quiz #2: Chapter 3 (CULTURE)
Quiz #2: Chapter 3 (CULTURE)
Quiz #4 CHAPTER 12
Quiz #4 CHAPTER 12
This is defined as a socially constructed category based on real or perceived differences between groups of people.
Race
Desmond argues in Evicted that the main cause of segregation in Milwaukee is what?
Race-based housing
In Evicted, Matthew Desmond states that historically evictions were
Rare
This theory of deviance explains that the cost and benefit of deviant acts are weighed before one engages in an act of deviance.
Rational Choice Theory
As opposed to ideal culture, this term describes the norms and values within a society which exist and can be observed.
Real Culture
This represents what norms, values, and patterns of behaviors that actually exist within a society, rather than what members of a culture believe should be observed.
Real culture
This is the most extreme form of human social classification through economic means where one group, family, or class has the ability to own other human beings. This is known as what?
Slavery
When studying prison and its impact on society, this allows you to gauge how successful the prison system, and all that it offers prisoners, is at keeping prisoners out of the system.
Recidivism Rates
In a bureaucracy, the blind following of the rules which can be counterproductive or make no sense is referred to as
Red Tape
This refers to how dependable the research is. That is, a particular study can be applied to the population for which it studied, and data collection methodologies were sound in producing data.
Reliability
Erving Goffman described this as the individuality one brings to a particular role possessed in society
Role Performance
These are positive or negative reactions to the ways people follow or disobey norms including rewards for conformity, and punishment for violations
Sanctions
In Part Three: After of Evicted, Desmond states that because of the bank account stipulation of $1,000 for those who receive SSI, people are dissuaded from what?
Saving Money
Women are much more likely to engage in this, which is the unpaid work done at home after a day's paid labor.
Second Shift
These are organized around narrow ranges of practical interests or goals, without which it would not exist.
Secondary Group
This labor market is becoming more prevalent in the US today where wages are low and benefits are almost nonexistent.
Secondary Labor Market
This is the assignment one receives into one of the two distinct biological categories.
Sex
Cannibalism is an example of this where it is so abhorrent within American culture that the thought of it solicits feelings of repulsion and disgust. Cannibalism is an example of what?
Taboo
In Evicted, landlords often relied on labor from which two groups to complete projects?
Tenants and the unemployed
This was arguably the biggest change humans have experienced where work and family norms were completely changed in developing nations.
The Industrial Revolution
This report also helped to spark the Sexual Revolution.
The Kinsey research on human sexual behaviors.
C. Horton Cooley conceptualized that within a society, individuals act as mirrors for each other which reflects that which is interpreted and imagined. What is this concept known as
The Looking-glass Self
In the United States, the practice of men making more than women for the same work is known as
The Pay Gap
This was thought to be the main contributor to the Sexual Revolution, when it has been realized that antibiotics played an equal, if not larger role, in sexual freedom.
The birth control pill
Red lining describes
The denial of goods and services to people of color on an institutional level
Functionalists argue that divorce has increased because
The functions of the family have shifted
The Asch experiment demonstrated how powerful
The group is over our behavior and thoughts.
Feminism is defined as
The ideologies, movements, and politics around the creation and push for a society where a woman and men are equal.
An example of a total institution would be
The military
Mead described the ways in which one comes to be able to take the role of the other, and to understand how individuals behavior can affect the larger group. The three stages he described in the development of the self are
The preparatory, play, and the game stage.
In his discussion of bureaucracies, Weber predicted that they would become much more prevalent. He referred to this as
The rationalization of society
This followed the settling and domesticating of animals and plants, and the move toward food production on a larger scale.
This Agricultural Revolution
Symbolic Interactionists found that in educational settings teachers were likely to link performance
To other labels like class
Absolute deprivation, also known as absolute poverty, is the lack of access to basic social needs such as food shelter, and medicine. (True or False)
True
American material culture would include military weapons.
True
Any environmental contaminant that harms living beings is known as pollution. True or False
True
Apartheid is a system of legal segregation where laws are written to prevent groups from integrating in any areas of society. Although this term is largely used to describe the system in South Africa over a nearly 50 year period, it can also be said that this type of system existed in the US from the late 1860's through the 1960's. (True or False)
True
Global warming is driven by the increase in greenhouse gasses and other human activity. TRue or False
True
Intersectionality is important to sociology as it helps to understand how the convergence of many different social categories shape the lives and opportunities of people living within a particular society. (True or False)
True
Living together in a romantic relationship without engaging in a formal bond like marriage is known as cohabitation. (True or False)
True
Men are expected to engage in instrumental tasks, stereotypically. (True or False)
True
Meritocracy describes a system where benefits, rewards, and resources are distributed based on work (or merit). (True or False)
True
Renewable resources can be replenished at the rate in which they are consumed. True or False
True
Sanctions are both positive and negative and are used within a culture to motivate conformity.
True
This New Mathusian Theorem states that the exponential growth in the population will outgrow food production and other resources. True or False
True
This is a group of workers who collectively negotiate with employers for better wages, working conditions, and benefits. These were responsible for the adoption of the 8 hour day, overtime, and many work place safety regulations.
Unions
In Evicted, Desmond states that since the year 2000, the increase in cost for this has made it increasingly difficult for people to also pay rent
Utilities
How one refers to the data produced by a study in which the study and the methodologies measure what they state they measure is known as_____.
Validity
These are ideas about what is desirable in a group. They set the standard for what a cultural group honors
Values
Ethnocentrism is defined as:
Viewing and judging other cultures and societies by the culture in which you live is known as what?
Sojourner Truth provided an example of intersectionality when she argued that she is positioned lower in society despite her being
a woman
Values differ from norms in that norms
are the practices which echo values
Because of the economic desperation many of Milwaukee's poor face, the logical choice for some is to resort to what to make ends meet?
illegal activity