Exam 2 361 Review - Chapter 3

Which of the following statements about the influences of heredity and environment is correct?

A person's potential range of height is genetically determined, but actual height may be influenced by nutrition

Which of the following statements about environmental influences is false

Children growing up in the same family experience the same environment

"Although Roberto's adoptive parents are short in stature, he is growing to be tall like his biological mother. What might we conclude about Roberto's height?"

It is influenced primarily by heredity

How much alcohol can a pregnant woman safely drink?

None of these; there is no known ÒsafeÓ level of drinking during pregnancy

"Susan and Betty are monozygotic twins, whereas Ming and Li are dizygotic twins. If a particular trait is determined primarily by hereditary factors, what would be the relative degree of concordance in these two twin pairs?"

Susan and Betty are more concordant than are Ming and Li

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of multifactorial transmission?

The environment and many different genes interact to determine most psychological traits.

Which of the following statements regarding obesity is false?

Twin studies indicate that up to 80% of the risk of obesity is environmental

"In university, Chandra tried a number of different majors until she found one that was right for her. She was originally interested in a career in research and was very successful academically. She later decided that she missed social interaction, so she decided to try teaching high school biology. The first time that she stood in front of the classroom, she knew that this was where she belonged. Which of the following terms best explains Chandra's development? "

active genotyp-environment correlation

Genes that produce alternative expressions of a trait are called

alleles

The fluid-filled sphere that floats freely in the uterus for a day or two and then implants itself into the wall of the uterus is called the

blastocyst

Miscarriages are most commonly caused by

chromosomal abnormalities

Ulrich is heterozygous for a trait therefore he displays the __________ trait in his phenotype.

dominant

"Which of the following cell groups becomes the outer layer of skin, hair, nails, sensory organs, and nervous system? "

ectoderm

Which of the following is not true about epigenetics?

epigenetic changes are hereditary not environmental

The zygote begins rapid cell division (mitosis) and forms into a blastocyst during the __________ stage.

germinal

The correct order for the three prenatal stages is

germinal, embryonic, fetal

Many studies suggest that schizophrenia

has a strong genetic component

"In attempting to study the degree to which genetics influences activity levels in newborns, a researcher compares monozygotic and dizygotic twins for their level of similarity on that trait. This research is attempting to determine the __________ of the trait activity levels."

heritability

"Data on the heritability of intelligence indicates that when two people are very closely related, their"

intelligence scores are much more similar than are those of unrelated people

A strongly canalized trait is one that

is affected only by extreme environmental events

Most research dealing with drug use during pregnancy has shown that the use of marijuana during pregnancy

may produce neurological disturbances

An example of a history-graded influence is the current increase in the age at which women become pregnant. This in turn increases the likelihood that these women will have

miscarriages

Melvin grew up only miles from the Three Mile Island nuclear plant when the meltdown occurred. An analysis of his genetic material indicates changes that are consistent with radiation exposure. The term that describes such genetic or chromosomal alteration is

mutation

The idea that each child in a family grows up in a unique environment is referred to as

nonshared environmental effects

"If Katerina is homozygous for a particular trait, what will she pass on to her offspring?"

only one kind of gene for that trait

"When the police ask you to give a description of an assailant and you say that she is tall with black, curly hair, you are describing the assailant's"

phenotype

Intelligence is a trait that is

polygenetic

"Gerald suffers from hemophilia, a blood-clotting disorder. He understands that the gene responsible for this disorder is carried by females but usually affects only males. This is an example of"

sex-linked inheritance

The ears are most vulnerable to teratogens

until about the ninth week after conception