Exam 2

virtual desktop

A Windows 10 feature that allows you to organize groups of windows into different displays.

taskbar

A Windows operating system feature that displays buttons for each open file or application.

file history

A Windows utility that automatically creates a duplicate of your libraries, desktop, contacts, and favorites and copies it to another storage device, such as an external hard drive.

task manager

A Windows utility that shows programs currently running and permits you to exit nonresponsive programs when you click End Task.

folder

A collection of files stored on a computer.

track

A concentric circle that serves as a storage area on a hard drive platter.

thrashing

A condition of excessive paging in which the operating system becomes sluggish.

registry

A database that Windows uses to store hardware and software configuration information, user preferences, and setup information.

start menu

A feature in Windows 10 that provides access to all applications in one convenient screen.

spooler

A program that helps coordinate all print jobs being sent to the printer at the same time.

BIOS

A program that manages the data between a computer's operating system and all the input and output devices attached to the computer; also responsible for loading the operating system (OS) from its permanent location on the hard drive to random access memory (RAM).

file compression utility

A program that takes out redundancies in a file to reduce the file size.

sector

A section of a hard drive platter, wedge-shaped from the center of the platter to the edge.

Application Programming Interface (API)

A set of software routines that allows one software system to work with another.

utility program

A small program that performs many of the general housekeeping tasks for the computer, such as system maintenance and file compression.

interrupt handler

A special numerical code that prioritizes requests from various devices. These requests then are placed in the interrupt table in the computer's primary memory.

swap file (page file)

A temporary storage area on the hard drive where the operating system "swaps out" or moves the data or instructions from random access memory (RAM) that haven't recently been used. This process takes place when more RAM space is needed.

machine learning

A type of artificial intelligence that leverages massive amounts of data so that computers can improve the accuracy of actions and predictions on their own without additional programming.

menu-driven interface

A user interface in which the user chooses a command from menus displayed on the screen.

system restore

A utility in Windows that restores system settings to a specific previous date when everything was working properly.

reset this PC

A utility program in Windows 10 that attempts to diagnose and fix errors in Windows system files that are causing a computer to behave improperly.

natural language processing

An aspect of artificial intelligence that involves technology that allows computers to understand, analyze, manipulate, and/or generate "natural" languages, such as English.

UNIX

An operating system originally conceived in 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie of AT&T's Bell Labs. In 1974, the UNIX code was rewritten in the standard programming language C. Today there are various commercial versions of UNIX.

real-time operating system

An operating system that reacts to current events and actions occurring around it.

BIOS stands for

Basic Input/Output System

Which step happens first during the boot process?

CPU activates the BIOS that is stored in ROM

Once files are placed in the Recycle Bin, they cannot be recovered.

False

Operating systems like Windows and macOS are single-user, single-task OSs.

False

System restore points can only be created by Windows automatically on a regular schedule.

False

system restore point

In Windows, a snapshot of your entire system's settings used for restoring your system to a prior point in time.

file path

Indicates where a file is stored on the computer by leading the user through the folder and file organization to the file.

command-driven interface

Interface between user and computer in which the user enters commands to communicate with the computer system.

An example of an open source OS is

Linux

distributions (distros)

Linux download packages

Which of the following is an example of a command-driven interface?

MS-DOS

device driver

Software that facilitates the communication between a device and the operating system.

path separator

The backslash mark (\) used by Microsoft Windows and DOS in file names. Mac files use a colon (:), and UNIX and Linux use the forward slash (/) as the path separator.

kernel

The essential portion, or core, of the operating system.

macOS

The first commercially available operating system to incorporate a graphical user interface (GUI) with user-friendly point-and-click technology.

power-on self-test (POST)

The first job the basic input/output system (BIOS) performs, ensuring that essential peripheral devices are attached and operational. This process consists of a test on the video card and video memory, a BIOS identification process (during which the BIOS version, manufacturer, and data are displayed on the monitor), and a memory test to ensure memory chips are working properly.

system files

The main files of an operating system.

mobile operating system

The operating system on mobile devices and many consumer electronics.

File Management

The process by which humans or computer software provide organizational structure to a computer's contents.

boot process

The process for loading the operating system (OS) into random access memory (RAM) when the computer is turned on.

disk fragmentation

The process of regrouping related pieces of files on the hard drive, enabling faster retrieval of the data.

paging

The process of swapping data or instructions that have been placed in the swap file for later use back into active random access memory (RAM). The contents of the hard drive's swap file then become less active data or instructions.

pinning

The process through which you choose which applications are visible on the Windows Start screen.

cluster

The smallest increment in which data is stored on hard disks; hard disks are divided into tracks, then wedges, then sectors, then clusters.

root directory

The top level of the filing structure in a computer system. In Windows computers, the root directory of the hard drive is represented as C:\.

Different versions of Linux are known as distros.

True

Swapping data and instructions between RAM and the hard drive's swap file is called paging.

True

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Type of user interface that allows a user to interact with software using text, graphics, and visual images, such as icons.

A feature in Windows 10 that is used to organize open windows into task-specific groups is called

Virtual Desktops

preemptive multitasking

When the operating system processes the task assigned a higher priority before processing a task that has been assigned a lower priority.

CMOS

an acronym for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, is a chip where the BIOS settings are stored.

Linux

an open-source version of the UNIX operating system

Which is an example of an operating system primarily for mobile devices?

iOS

Youre most likely to find an RTOS...

in a robotic camera

Plug and play is a software and hardware standard that

includes device drivers for lots of hardware as part of the OS

When a printer receives a command, it generates a unique signal to the OS, which is called a(n)

interrupt

Device drivers are

often bundled with the operating system

user interface

part of the operating system that enables individuals to interact with the computer

When an OS processes tasks in a priority order, it is known as

preemptive multitasking

C:\ on a Windows PC is like a large filing cabinet and is referred to as the

root directory

Which of the following is not considered an accessibility utility?

system restore

Which of the following would you NOT see on a Windows 10 Start menu?

task view

Plug and play

technology that allows a hardware component to be attached to a computer so that it is automatically configured by the operating system, without user intervention

file explorer

the main tool for finding, viewing, and managing the contents of your computer by showing the location and contents of every drive, folder, and file; called Windows Explorer prior to Windows 8

operating system

the software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals.

virtual memory

the space on the hard drive where the operating system stores data if there isn't enough random-access memory to hold all of the programs you're currently trying to run.

The OS can optimize RAM storage by using

virtual memory

google chrome OS

web based OS