Exam 2
"Among those who try a cigarette, what percentage will become daily habitual smokers?"
25%
What is the half-life of caffeine?
3-7 hours
For how long does the high from amphetamine generally last?
4 to 6 hours
Addiction to and withdrawal from benzodiazepines is not generally severe
False
An individual who is under the influence of heroin will have dilated pupils.
False
The high from cocaine normally lasts 4 to 6 hours
False
How long can withdrawal symptoms following detoxification and abstinence from long-acting opioids such as methadone persist?
For 14 days or more after detoxification
Which of the following drugs is an opioid antagonist that may be used to prevent an opioid overdose?
Naloxone
Continued smoking to avoid the negative effects of nicotine withdrawal is know as
Negative drug reinforcement
Medical use of cocaine relies on its effects as a(n)
Topical anesthetic
Stimulant drugs including cocaine and methamphetamine force the release of dopamine. This surge of dopamine causes paranoia and hyper-reactivity.
True
The high occurrence of ADHD among adolescents in treatment for substance abuse disorders is in part attributed to their use of drugs to self-medicate ADHD symptoms
True
Which of the following best describes one of the health benefits of quitting smoking?
"Within just 20 minutes of quitting, blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature of hands and feet drop to normal."
How long will the high from smoking a typical dose of crack cocaine (1 rock) generally last?
5 to 20 minutes
Which of the following is not a street name for methcathinone?
Betel Nut
Which of the following statements best describes the effects that depressants have on the body due to its effects on the central nervous system?
Depressants decrease rate of breathing and heart rate.
"For treating ADHD, the most common alternative therapies to prescription medications for treating ADHD are"
Dietary changes and nutritional supplements
"Depressants affect the central nervous system by elevating the user's blood pressure, pulse, heart rate, and respiration."
False
"Drug use in the gay community is unrelated to prejudice, homophobia, and fear of coming out and being oneself, so prevention and treatment do not need to address these issues."
False
"Formication, the imaginary sensation that hundreds of tiny bugs (e.g. coke bugs, meth bugs, and snow bugs) are crawling under one's skin, is caused by the visual hallucinogenic effects of stimulants."
False
"Per standard dose, the effects of cocaine last longer than the effects of methamphetamine."
False
"The "stop" switch in the brain, which tells your mind and body that it has had enough and functions to turn off the brains go switch, is located in the brain stem"
False
"Z-hypnotics like Sonata, Ambien, and Imovane, are short-acting, but they are thought to have a higher risk of addiction than most benzodiazepines."
False
Heroin and morphine are considered long-acting opioids
False
Most sedative-hypnotics are from natural sources.
False
Which of the following best describes how the first cigarette of the day affects a smoker?
Increases blood pressure and heart rate
Which of the following is true about the purity of heroin at the retail level?
It varies from 10%- 70%
"Nociceptive" means pain cause by
MAYBE: external stimuli of pain receptors NOT: nerve disease
Which of the following is not a plant-based stimulant?
Mephedrone
The illicit manufacture and distribution of methamphetamine in the United States today is due to the involvement of
Mexican gangs and drug cartels
"Of 1,033 new drugs approved by the FDA between 1989 and 2000, what percentage showed no significant clinical improvement over older and cheaper drugs already in use?"
More than 50%
Cocaine epidemics
Occur in cycles every few generations
Hyperalgesia is a temporary increase in the sensitivity to ____________ that is experienced during the long-term use of opiates/opioids used to treat pain.
Painful stimuli
"Drugs work by influencing existing neurotransmitters, existing neurological pathways, and receptor cites in the central nervous system, including the addition pathway."
True
"Human beings have naturally occurring (endogenous) opioids, which cause many of the same effects as those caused by taking opioid drugs (exogenous opioids)."
True
"Methcathinone is manufactured by street chemists using ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, the same precursors used to manufacture methamphetamine."
True
"Of all the stimulants, the strongest physical and mental dependency develops from nicotine in tobacco."
True
"When a person who has developed tolerance to caffeine subsequently withdraws from the caffeine, it results in physical pain, extreme fatigue, and depression"
True
"When smoking cessation is part of a drug treatment program, the chances of recovery from alcohol and other drug addiction greatly increase."
True
Acute withdrawal from heroin is not as life-threatening as acute withdrawal from alcohol or sedative-hypnotics
True
Benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics generally have a higher margin of overdose safety than other drugs in this depressant category.
True
Death from depressants (e.g. opioids) overdose usually involves severe respiratory depression.
True
Chewing khat produces an immediate and intense high
False
Tolerance is not a sign of physical or psychological dependence
False
Which of the following statements is true?
Most heroin abusers began by abusing prescription opioids
"Allodynia is a painful response to a normally pain-free stimulus, often as a result of long-term opiate/opioid use."
True
"Historically, most drug laws were made for political rather than medical considerations."
True
"Opiates limit the release of and block receptors for substance P, which is the name of the neurotransmitter that transmits pain messages from nerve cell to nerve cell."
True
"Overdose deaths involving opioids most commonly include their combined use with other legal or licit substances like alcohol, benzodiazepines, or antidepressants."
True
"The effects of amphetamines last longer than the effects of cocaine because amphetamines can block enzymes from metabolizing neurotransmitters, which creates a continued overstimulation."
True
Heavy prolonged use of stimulants can induce a schizophrenic-like psychosis
True
Research shows that boys under the age of 18 with ADHD who are treated with stimulants (Adderall and Ritalin) are much less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol when they get older
True
The sense of relaxation and well-being that smokers receive from a cigarette is actually the sensation of the withdrawal symptoms being subdued
True