Exam 2

Claudia is a salesperson with a major department store chain that is currently running a "secret coupon sale." The program allows the salesperson to randomly award a savings coupon to any shopper of the salesperson's choice. Who the salesperson chooses to award the coupon to is a(n)

Operational decision

Storytelling is an effective form of communication for which of the following situations

Orienting new employees to the company's culture

Which of the following pieces of advice is a tip to improve your listening habits?

Paraphrase the speaker's points to ensure you understand

If your negotiation counterpart feels you are unfair or dishonest, he or she is less likely to make concessions (T/F)

True

Managing conflict and engaging in effective negotiations are key factors for a successful organization (T/F)

True

Power is the ability to get things done the way you want them to be done. (T/F)

True

Research shows that individuals who lived near stairwells in dorms were the most well liked people in those dorms because they were seen most often by everyone who was coming and going. This is an example of the personal appeal influence tactic.

True

Servant leaders put their employees first. (T/F)

True

Direction of Communication

Upward to supervisor Laterally to a coworker Downward to a subordinate Diagonally to a different department

Which of the following is true with respect to gender differences in leadership style?

Women tend to display more democratic and less autocratic styles as compared to men.

A statement of purpose describing who a company is and what it does is

a mission statement.

To satisfice is to:

Accept the first alternative that meets your general criteria.

Political behaviors in organizations include which of the following?

All of the above: Negotiating Alliance building Resolving conflicting interests

Individuals are influenced in their decision making by which of the following biases?

All of the above: Escalation commitment, Anchoring, Framing bias

Filtering

-Distortion or withholding of information to manage a person's reactions -Prevents members of an org from getting a complete picture of reality -It helps to rewards employees who clearly convey info

Communication Channels and their Information Richness

-Face-to-face convo: HIgh -Video Conferencing: High -Telephone Convo: High -Emails: Medium -Handheld devices: Medium -Blogs: Medium -Written letters/memos: Medium -Formal Written documents: Low -Spreadsheets: Low

Barries to Effective Communication

-Filtering -Selective perception -Information overload -Emotional disconnects -Lack of source familiarity or credibility -Workplace gossip -Semantics -Differences in meaning between the sender and receiver -Poor listening -Biased language

Selective Perception

-Filtering info to suit our own needs -Often unconscious - It can lead to mistakes, because of missed info

Emotional Disconnects

-Happens when the sender or receiver is upset

Information Overload

-Occurring when the information processing demands on an individual's time to perform interactions and internal calculations exceed the supply or capacity of time available for such processing -A symptom of the high-tech age -People try to manage it by multitasking, however multitasking doesn't work well for communication

Types of Communication

-Verbal Communication listen to a person to understand their meaning -Written Communication reading their meaning -Nonverbal Communication observe a person and infer meaning

Use Verbal Communication When:

-conveying emotion and feelings -the message does not need to be permanent -there is time urgency -you need immediate feedback -the ideas are simple or can be made simple with explanations

Use Written Communication When:

-conveying facts -the message needs to become part of a permanent file -there is little time urgency -you do not need immediate feedback -the ideas are complicated

Which of the following statements is true regarding the judgments about correlation and causality bias?

A correlation between two variables is not evidence for causality.

Which of the following statements regarding the Asch studies is accurate?

A dissenting minority influenced the nature of response given by participants.

Which if the following statements regarding the impact of reward systems on culture shaping is correct?

A firm that rewards purely on the basis of goal achievement is likely to have an outcome-oriented culture.

The availability of too much information leading to more and more time being spent on gathering information and thinking about it, resulting in no decisions being made is

Analysis paralysis

High quality LMX is related to

increased job satisfaction.

Non-Verbal Communication Cues

Body language eye contact facial expression posture touch space

Anita finishes her college semester on April 15. She will be home from April 15 until May 20 when she is scheduled to have her wisdom teeth removed. She will be going on a family vacation during the third week in July and will be returning to school on August 10 for majorette camp. Anita is looking for a job for the summer. She figures she will take the first job that pays minimum wage and will allow her flexibility for her dental appointment and vacation. Anita is making a decision using the

Bounded rationality decision-making model

Lack of Source Familiarity or Credibility

Can derail communications, especially when humor is involved Feedback coming from a trustworthy source will have more value compared to feedback coming from someone who is not trusted

A group where there is a great deal of camaraderie is a group experiencing:

Cohesion

Which of the following is a key property of a team?

Collaborative action

When a target agrees to a request and actively supports it, the target's response is

Commitment

Which of the following statements about communication is correct?

Communication is the process by which information is exchanged between individuals, through a common system of symbols, signs or behavior.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the dimensions of culture?

Employees tend to stay longer in people-oriented cultures.

Which of the following statements regarding communication ethics is true?

Ethical, forthright communication by an organization should occur internally as well as externally

Experts make decisions in the intuitive decision-making models based on

Experience

Whitt Company made a substantial monetary offer to Bob to leave his design job at Lincoln Industries and come to work at Whitt. The Whitt CEO, on hearing some complaints from members of the Whitt Board of Directors about the size of Bob's pay package, responded, "Bob is one of the few people in the industry who really understands what the customer wants and can design it into the product." Bob has ____________ power.

Expert

The Big 5 personality trait ___________ has the strongest relationship to both leader emergence and leader effectiveness.

Extraversion

Creativity is the interaction between personality traits, attributes, and serendipity. (T/F)

False

Decision trees are helpful in avoiding errors due to overconfidence bias. (T/F)

False

If a variety of knowledge, skills, and abilities is needed, if feedback from different organizational groups is needed, if tasks are largely independent, and if wide cooperation is needed to achieve mutual goals, then a team is needed (T/F)

False

People are always interested in making an optimal decision. (T/F)

False

People in positions of authority are influential in driving people to ethical behaviors but not unethical behaviors. (T/F)

False

Power distribution is usually not visible in organizations. (T/F)

False

Programmed decisions are unique, creative decisions. (T/F)

False

Studies suggest that sometimes replacing a hierarchy with self-managing teams decreases control over individual workers (T/F)

False

The nominal group technique involves using written responses to a series of questionnaires instead of physically bringing individuals together to make a decision. (T/F)

False

The rational decision-making model limits the number of alternatives considered. (T/F)

False

Using any form of flattery in an appeal is an example of the exchange influence tactic. (T/F)

False

When employees have high abilities and high achievement motivation, the directive leadership style is best. (T/F)

False

While a firm's physical layout impacts motivation and job satisfaction, it does little to convey company culture. (T/F)

False

Employees of abusive leaders are more likely to quit their jobs and experience higher levels of unhappiness and stress. (T/F)

true

Nicholas is the production manager for a manufacturing firm. He has two supervisors who are experiencing conflict with each other based upon personality differences. Nicholas should have held a meeting last week to discuss next year's budget, but cancelled it because the two supervisors had a verbal confrontation on the shop floor the previous day. What conflict handling style is Nicholas demonstrating?

Avoidance

People-oriented behaviors are also called

Consideration

Because the________ role involves gathering info from the larger organization and informing those within the organization about team goals, activities and success, it is often filled by the team manager

Consul

Boundary spanning roles include coordinator and:

Consul

Mark works as the frozen food manager in a major grocery store chain. When his stock of two-pound bags of frozen shrimp gets down to two cases, he e-mails his warehouse to send ten cases to restock. The "automated" ordering of ten cases when supply gets to two cases in the store is called a(n)

Decision rule

The department managers for Zylog Corp are meeting for a budget meeting. Of the marketing manager gets the 6% increase he is requesting, the human resource manager will not get any increase in his department budget. This is an example of what kind of negotiation strategy?

Distributive approach "piece of the pie"

If two marketing groups within a firm's marketing department are vying against each other for a larger percentage of the budget, which option could the marketing manager consider that would be MOST effective in managing conflict?

Focus the attention of the two groups on a common "enemy" such as another firm that they compete with for business

Research shows that when managers are dealing with conflict they prefer which conflict handling style?

Forcing

Which of the following communication channels has the lowest information richness?

Formal written documents

The tendency for decision makers to be influenced by the way that a situation or problem is presented is

Framing bias

The investigation phase of the negotiation process involves:

Gathering information

What is the most challenging or difficult step in the rational decision-making process?

Generate alternatives

Which of the following statements is correct with regard to the forming stage of group development?

Group members are trying to learn about one another

What group-related phenomenon would the critic on a team help to guard against?

Groupthink

Because the storming stage is a very chaotic one, many groups get stuck in that phase of group development (T/F)

True

Karli is the designated leader of a class project group. She gets along well with the group members but often is not sure exactly what she should do to assist her group in producing a high-quality project. Which LPC style is best for this scenario?

High LPC

Sara's laptop started causing her problems. It was taking a long time to boot up, and froze unexpectedly a number of times. Now the laptop has shut down completely and she cannot get it started up again. One of the group members on her project said to Sara, "You should have gone for help when it started acting up, now you've affected all of us." This scenario is an example of what type of decision-making trap?

Hindsight bias

An example of a question requiring an operational decision in response is:

How often do I go back to the stockroom to get additional products for display?

Communication

How we coordinate actions and achieve goals Process by which info is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior

Verbal communication should be used when

Immediate feedback is needed

The BATNA is:

Important to assisting you in deciding whether to accept an offer or not

Which of the following statements about nonverbal cues is accurate

In some countries, like the U.S, direct eye contact conveys trustworthiness

Which of the following is a positive outcome of conflict in the organization?

Increased creativity

Which of the following statements is true regarding the attraction-selection-attrition ASA process?

Individuals self-select the companies for which they choose to work.

Workplace Gossip

Informal gossip network within an organization 70% of all org communication happens at a grapevine level

Access to specific knowledge or skills is _______________ power.

Information

Which of the following statements regarding decision-making styles in other cultures is correct?

Japanese managers using consensus decision making implement those decisions much faster than other cultures.

A self-directed team

Makes decisions internally about leadership and how the work is done and has the potential for high autonomy

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between conflict and performance?

Medium conflict leads to high performance

A unique, non-routine, important decision requiring conscious thinking, information gathering, and careful consideration of alternatives is a(n)

Non-programmed decision

Which of the following statements regarding power distance and teams is correct?

People in high power distance countries expect unequal power distribution in the social, political and economic areas

Which of the following is an individual antecedent of political behavior?

Political skill

Situational favorableness includes which of the following conditions?

Position power

Which of the following statements regarding power distribution research is accurate?

Power distribution is visible in organizations.

Which of the following is an example of external communication?

Press release

Which of the following is the correct order of the phases in the creative decision-making model?

Problem identification, immersion, incubation, illumination, verification and application.

A key finding from research completed on traits is that all traits are not equally effective in predicting leadership potential.(T/F)

True

A well-known Fortune 500 CEO dresses up in a different outlandish costume each year for his presentation during the annual stockholder meeting. The presentation is broadcasted to all divisions and offices of the firm and employees enthusiastically view the proceedings. This scenario is an example of what visual element of culture?

Rituals

Jared is a member of the engineering department in the manufacturing firm and also serves on the Strategy 2015 team, which is crafting an engineering strategy for the firm's future. He has a "Do not miss" meeting in the engineering department scheduled for Wednesday at 8 a.m. and just received an urgent email about a "Can't miss" meeting for the strategy group at 8:15 a.m. Wednesday morning. Jared is experiencing:

Role conflict

Which of the following is an example of intrapersonal conflict?

Role conflict

Which of the following statements regarding ethics and teams is accurate?

Self-managed teams are viewed as a technique to overcome the negative aspects of bureaucracy

Communication Process

Sender: originator of the message Encoding: translating the idea into words Medium: way that the sender's message is conveyed (spoken, written, signs) Receiver: person who received message Decoding: assigns meaning to the words Noise: anything that interferes with or distorts the message being transformed

Which of the following statements about emails is true?

Some companies are so concerned about the amount of emails their employees receive that they are instituting "no email fridays"

If the firm has a strict dress code policy in its employee handbook calling for male employees to wear "ties and white or light colored shirts, no pastels" and female employees to wear "dark skirts of knee length or below or dress slacks," the culture of the firm is likely

Stable.

Which of the following statements regarding the rational decision-making model is accurate?

Successful managers tend to be clear on what they want at the outset of the decision making process.

Alcoa Corporation's headquarters facility has a minimal number of traditional offices with four walls and a door. The elevators on each floor are located at the ends of the long corridors in out-of-the-way alcoves. An open-air escalator runs in the center of the building. Workers largely are seated in low-walled cubicles. Copy machines and other office equipment are centrally located on each floor. This physical layout encourages what kind of culture?

Team-based

Which of the following statements about the creative decision-making model is accurate?

The dynamic nature of today's organizations, including structural changes and cost cutting, have driven creativity in the business.

Semantics

The meaning of a word of phrase Jargon can be beneficial because it saves time, but can also be harmful because not everyone will know what you're trying to communicate

Jennifer has to decide which of two job offers she is going to choose. She begins her process by listing the key criteria she is looking for in a job including salary level, location, promotional opportunities, and so on. She then takes each job offer letter and carefully goes through each line assessing the offer in relationship to the criteria she has established. Jennifer is using which of decision-making model to choose her job?

The rational decision-making model

Which of the following statements regarding the organization's role in onboarding and orientation activities is accurate?

The speed with which new employees learn the company's culture is strongly influenced by the support of supervisors and managers.

Malcolm is the manager of his department. After performance evaluations, he gives those who have met their goals for the year a pay raise. He gives his employees their assignments and leaves them to do their work but does monitor them so that if he notices a potential problem, it gets resolved before causing difficulties. What kind of contemporary leadership style is Malcolm demonstrating?

Transactional leadership

Communication fulfills three main organizational functions which are:

Transmitting Info Sharing emotions Coordination

If an industry is highly regulated, firms competing within it likely have

bureaucratic structures.

If onboarding activities are successful

employees are more confident about their ability to perform in the organization and are likely to remain longer with the firm.

Research on mentoring suggests

mentor training enhances program outcomes.

Information-rich channels convey more

nonverbal information

Poor Listening

not concentrating, listening too hard, jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivery and appearance

According to surveys, the most frequently used influence tactic is

rational persuasion.

The individual originating a message is called the

sender

Biased Language

word choice that suggests prejudice or preconceptions about other people Effective communication is clear, factual, and goal oriented. Also respectful