exam 2

The 2 main stages of photosynthesis, in chloroplasts are

Light-dependent reactions and Calvin cycle

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), you would expect CO2 production to be

Lower than in a healthy cell

Trees are sometimes called the "lungs" of the planet. The oxygen they release comes from

Photosystem 2

The main advantage of using a pyramid-shaped cascade of events downstream of membrane-bound receptors is

Signal amplification and speed

Organisms that generate their own food by converting inorganic molecules into organic ones are called...

autotroph

Enzymes that dephosphorylate other molecules are known as...

phosphatase

In photosynthesis, NADPH donates electrons to the Calvin cycle. In this REDOX reaction, NADPH may be called

A reducing agent

The chemiosmotic gradient that is established in the intermembrane space of mitochondria allows the activation of which of the following?

ATP synthase

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by

Lowering the activation energy necessary to start the reaction

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), how many ATPs per molecule of glucose would you expect to be produced?

2

Which of the following is correct about the cyclic electron flow that takes place during photosynthesis

It is required because the Calvin cycle uses more ATP than NADPH Both A and E are correct

In your skin cells, the difference in ATP production between conditions when oxygen is available and conditions when it's not available is approximately

18-fold

At the beginning of the electron transport chain in mitochondria, NADH releases

2 electrons and 1 proton

The metabolic process in which fatty acids are converted into acetyl CoA is called...

Beta oxidation

Which of the following factors would have the ability to denature an enzyme that is commonly found in prokaryotes that live in the hot springs of Yellowstone (pH= 2.0 and Temp = 40 degrees Celsius)?

Both a neutral pH and an oven temperature of 350 degrees C could denature the enzyme

Epinephrine and cortisol are both considered stress-related hormones. Cortisol is a steroid hormone, while epinephrine is a protein that binds to G protein-coupled receptors. Based on this statement, which hormone would you expect to elicit the fastest response?

Epinephrine

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), you would expect lactate production to be

Higher than in a healthy cell

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), you would expect O2 consumption to be

Lower than in a healthy cell

The making of ATP during glycolysis (phosphorylation of ADP) is best described as

Substrate-level phosphorylation

You would expect the pH of the intermembrane space in mitochondria to be

Very low

Lactic acid and CO2 are products of aerobic respiration in mammalian muscle cells

false

Photorespiration may be observed in C4 plants

false

The fluid-filled space between grana, in chloroplasts is known as "stoma"

false

The making of ATP from ADP is an exergonic reaction

false

Enzymes that phosphorylate other molecules are known as...

kinases

ADP and ATP act respectively as activator and inhibitor of glycolysis.

true

Which of the following reaction categories would be most likely to have the lowest ΔG value?

Catalyzed Exergonic Reaction Uncatalyzed Exergonic Reaction

In general, how do chloroplasts differ from mitochondria?

Chloroplasts take in H2O and CO2 to produce sugars, whereas mitochondria take in sugars to produce ATP. The ATP produced by mitochondria is used throughout the cell, whereas the ATP produced by chloroplasts stays inside them.

Which of the following molecules are steroid hormones derived from?

Cholesterol

In plant cells, most of the ATP to be used by the cell is produced by which of the following?

Mitochondria

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), you would expect NADH production to be

Lower than in a healthy cell

The process of glycolysis cannot take place in prokaryotes because it requires the presence of mitochondria

false

Upon activation of a G protein-coupled receptor, the G protein converts a GDP into a GTP

false

In a mammalian cell that was exposed to potassium cyanide (a cytochrome C oxidase inhibitor), you would expect pyruvate production to be

Higher than in a healthy cell, The same as in a healthy cell

Hydroxylamine lowers catalase activity by fitting within its active site. This suggest that

Hydroxylamine is a competitive inhibitor of catalase

Which of the following best describes the process of fermentation?

It allows glycolysis to proceed in oxygen-poor environment by oxidizing NADH into NAD+

If you wanted to produce a 5-10% alcoholic beverage, which of the following ingredients would NOT be a requirement?

Neither bacteria nor oxygen would be required

Based on cellular respiration only, would you have to breathe if your cells did not have mitochondria?

No

Imagine a scenario where plant W is exposed to White light, plant B is exposed to Blue light, plant G is exposed to Green light, and plant R is exposed to Red light. How would you rank these plants in terms of photosynthetic activity, ranging from high to low?

W B R G

Cells may simultaneously express and activate/deactivate receptor tyrosine kinase, G protein-coupled receptors, intracellular receptors, and ion channels.

true