exam #2 chapters 11-18
Which sentence about steel is true?
A steel's grade is determined by its alloying elements and carbon percentage.
Which sentence is true about the grain structure of metal?
Annealing is a heat treatment that involves gradual heating and cooling.
Which statement about ceramic materials is true? Ceramic materials:
Are inherently durable.
How does a crystalline structure differ from an amorphous structure? Crystalline structures:
Are organized in a stacking arrangement.
Which statement is true about the neutral axis in bent sheet metal? The neutral axis is the:
Area between the stretched and compressed metal.
Which of the following sentences describes pearlite formation? Pearlite forms out of:
Austenite below the eutectic temperature.
Which statement is true about ferrite and austenite?
Austenite has an FCC crystal structure and is formable at high temperatures.
What property allows certain ceramics to be used in living tissue without adverse effects?
Biocompatability
Drop hammers are machines that:
Forge parts through a series of impacts.
Which category of ceramics is composed primarily of silica?
Glass
Which ceramic material becomes a viscous, molten liquid when heated?
Glass
What happens when a heated metal is cooled below its recrystallization temperature?
Grains begin to form at the coolest areas.
Which type of steel is an affordable alternative to plain carbon steel, due to its improved yield and tensile strength?
HSLA steels
Which of the following terms describes the ability of a metal to be hardened by heat treatment?
Hardenability
What is the difference between aluminum and steel? Compared to most steels, aluminum:
Has a higher strength-to-weight ratio.
What is an indexable cutting tool? An indexable cutting tool:
Has multiple cutting edges to extend tool life after each edge fails.
What statement is true of refractories? Refractories:
Have extremely high thermal resistance.
What do lead and tin have in common? Lead and tin both:
Have low melting points.
Which of the following describes normalizing?
Heating a metal to create austenite and then slowly cooling it.
Which of the following sentences describes normalizing?
Heating steel to 100°F (37.8°C) above the upper critical temperature and then cooling it.
Compared to HSS tools, carbide tools are better equipped to withstand which of the following conditions?
High cutting speeds and high temperatures
Metals with an FCC structure, such as copper, usually have which property?
High ductility
Which properties are common in aluminum?
High ductility, good electrical conductivity, and a high strength-to-weight ratio.
On AISI-SAE designations, what do the letters "T" and "M" indicate?
High-speed tool steels
Compared to most steels, aluminum alloys have which property?
Higher strength-to-weight ratio
What is the main factor determining grain growth in a metal?
How quickly the metal is cooled.
What is the term used to describe a steel with less than 0.8% carbon?
Hypoeutectoid
Which of the following lists includes the properties of aluminum?
Lightweight and electrically conductive
Which of the following characteristics are associated with magnesium?
Lightweight and poor creep strength
Which is the lightest commercial metal?
Magnesium
Cast iron that is chemically treated to create graphite spheres instead of flakes.
ductile cast iron
A very tough tool material is also generally very hard. True False
false
All ceramics have crystalline structures. true or false
false
Amorphous structures have a long-range order. true or false
false
An alloy is a metal consisting of only one element. True False
false
At room temperature, iron has an FCC structure. True False
false
Carbon tool steels are no longer used today. True False
false
Ceramic cutting tools are only available as solid cutting tools rather than indexable inserts. True False
false
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) is the hardest cutting tool material currently available. True False
false
Glass is shaped and fired similarly to other ceramics. True False
false
Heat treating is done to adjust the physical properties of metal. True False
false
Less porosity leads to greater defects in a ceramic material. true or false
false
A metal that does not contain iron as the main ingredient.
nonferrous metal
Ferrous metals that are considered the most "pure" form of steel.
plain carbon steel
A process that presses and heats powdered metal to create a tough, hard part.
sintering
Why is a diamond cutting tool unable to machine ferrous workpieces? If used to machine ferrous workpieces, a diamond cutting tool:
Reverts to graphite.
Which of the following statements best describes green sand casting?
Sand and binders are compacted around a wood or metal pattern.
What type of high-speed steel (HSS) tool is harder, tougher, and more wear resistant due to its costly production method?
Sintered HSS tools
Which sentence is true about tool steels?
Some tool steels are heat treated plain carbon steels that contain no alloying elements.
What mechanical property determines whether a ceramic can withstand bending or tension?
Tensile strength
Why does cementite form in steel?
The BCC structure of ferrite cannot hold all the carbon
What is hardenability?
The ability of a metal to be hardened by heat treatment.
A property that allows high-speed steel tools to take a substantial amount of impact before failing.
Toughness
Which of the following are used as plating metals due to their high corrosion resistance?
Zinc and nickel
The most common copper alloys contain which elements?
Zinc and tin
What is galvanized steel? Galvanized steel is steel with a:
Zinc coating.
Which of the following sentences about nickel and zinc is true?
Zinc is used to create the corrosion-resistant coating on galvanized steel.
What carbide coating resists both heat and chemical wear?
Zirconium oxide
Choose the answer that matches the sheet metal cutting process to the correct image.
(A) blanking, (D) parting, (F) notching
Choose the answer that correctly identifies parts of a mold.
(D) runner, (B) riser, (C) cope
Which of the following lists best describes the properties of titanium alloys?
A high strength-to-weight ratio and a low coefficient of thermal expansion
Solid iron has which type of crystal structure?
BCC
Which quenching medium cools metal the quickest?
Brine
What property increases as a tool material's hardness increases?
Brittleness
What does greater porosity in a ceramic lead to?
Defects
Which of the following describes the properties of copper?
Excellent electrical conductivity and ductility
Which of the following statements about copper is true? Copper has:
Excellent electrical conductivity, but a poor strength-to-weight ratio
Which statement about metal extrusion is true?
Extrusion typically creates long pieces with uniform profiles.
Which crystal structure is more likely in a ductile metal, such as copper?
FCC
Which sentence is true about ferrite and austenite?
Ferrite can hold only minimal amounts of carbon and has a BCC structure.
What are the two main categories of ferrous metals?
Steel and cast iron.
A metal valued for its high ductility and strength-to-weight ratio.
aluminum
An alloy of copper and zinc.
brass
Cast iron that contains iron carbide rather than graphite.
white cast iron
Which of the following statements is true about bulk metal?
A billet is smaller than a bloom.
Which sentence about metal alloys is true? Metal alloys are:
A blend of different metals and elements.
Which of the following best describes a nonferrous metal alloy?
A nonferrous metal combined with at least one other element.
Which of the following sentences about heat treatment processes is true?
A series of processes might be used to create desired properties in the metal.
Which type of ceramic uses coarse particles to remove surface material from a workpiece?
Abrasives
Why do heat treaters temper steel? Heat treaters temper steel in order to:
Add ductility to quenched steel.
Which materials have been engineered to have little or no porosity and a wider variety of functional purposes?
Advanced ceramics
Which of the following sentences about quenching mediums is true?
Air quenching can lead to oxidation, but it causes minimal part distortion.
What is the main difference between plain carbon steel and alloy steels?
Alloy steels contain intentionally added elements, plain carbon steels do not.
What is the purpose of heat treating a ceramic? Heat treating:
Alters the ceramic's microstructure.
Which of the following is an example of a nonferrous metal?
Aluminum
Which of the following statements about aluminum is true?
Aluminum alloys are corrosion resistant and easily machined.
What kind of atomic structure does glass have?
Amorphous
Which heat treatment process softens metal by heating it above the upper critical temperature and then gradually cooling it in a furnace?
Annealing
Which process involves heating a metal above upper critical temperature and then slowly cooling it in a furnace?
Annealing
Which of the following sentences is true about the formation of pearlite?
Austenite turns to pearlite below the steel's eutectic temperature.
Which type of stainless steel is the most corrosion resistant and can be polished to a mirror finish?
Austenitic
When steel is heated above the upper critical temperature, rapidly cooled, and then slowly cooled, what forms as a result?
Bainite
Which of the following sentences about brass and bronze is true?
Bronze is a copper and tin alloy that can be wrought and cast.
Which of the following statements describes an allotropic metal? An allotropic metal:
Can exist in more than one crystal structure.
Steel is created by mixing iron and which element?
Carbon
What is the difference between cast iron and steel?
Cast irons contain more than 2% carbon, while steel contains less.
Any steel with more than 0.02% carbon contains which of the following?
Cementite
following can hold the most carbon?
Cementite
What cutting tool material is useful for cutting very hard workpieces at high speeds and temperatures but is not suited for interrupted cutting?
Ceramic
What type of cutting tool material possesses properties that normally do not exist together within individual materials?
Cermet
Which material consists of a combination of metal and ceramic?
Cermet
Which is true about iron crystal structures? Iron has a crystal structure that:
Changes from a BCC to an FCC structure when it is heated.
Stainless steels can resist corrosion due to high amounts of which element?
Chromium
Which of the following statements about forging methods is true?
Closed die forging uses two dies with a cavity shaped like the desired part.
What material holds titanium carbides together and adds toughness to a tool?
Cobalt
What type of binder holds titanium carbide together and adds toughness to the tool?
Cobalt
Which process takes place when the metal is below its recrystallization temperature?
Cold working
In which field are traditional structural ceramics primarily used?
Construction
Which of the following sentences describes hypoeutectoid steels? Hypoeutectoid steels:
Contain less than 0.80% carbon.
Which of the following describes heat treatment?
Controlled heating and cooling used to modify a metal's properties.
What physical property determines a ceramic's ability to withstand degradation or chemical attack?
Corrosion resistance
Which term describes the most efficient way for atoms to arrange themselves in a particular space?
Crystal structure
Which of the following cutting tool materials can maintain its hardness at temperatures surpassing 1800°F (982°C)?
Cubic boron nitride
Which sentence is true about stainless steels? Stainless steels:
Develop a thin film called chromium oxide when exposed to oxygen.
What is a major drawback associated with carbide cutting tools?
Difficulty in regrinding dulled cutting edges
Pulling bar stock through a die opening to reduce its diameter and refine its surface is called:
Drawing.
Which type of cast iron has graphite spheres due to chemical treatment?
Ductile cast iron
Which statement best describes a metal's mechanical properties?
Ductility describes how much a metal can be stretched without breaking.
Compared to pure metals, alloys usually possess which of the following?
Enhanced properties
What is the term for the lowest temperature at which austenite can change directly to ferrite and cementite?
Eutectoid temperature
What is the best approach when choosing a ferrous metal for a job?
Finding the least expensive metal with the right properties.
A process that uses a furnace to create a harder surface on high-speed steel tools.
Heat Treatment
Which of the following sentences about combining heat treatment steps is true?
Heat treatments can be combined to create a product with desirable properties.
What CNC machine cutting conditions does hard, wear-resistant carbide respond well to?
High cutting speeds and temperatures
What properties do tungsten and molybdenum have in common?
High strength and high melting points
Which of the following appears on the iron-carbon phase diagram for steel?
How temperature and carbon content trigger phase changes steel.
Which of the following statements about nonferrous metal classifications is true?
In UNS, nonferrous metals are classified using a letter and five numbers.
Which statement is true about alloy steel? Alloy steels:
Include elements intentionally added to create certain properties.
How are tool steels named? The names of tool steels are primarily derived from each metal's:
Intended use and properties.
What type of operation does not keep a tool's cutting edges in constant contact with the workpiece, causing a tool to experience temperature fluctuations, jars, and shocks?
Interrupted cutting
Which of the following statements about heat treatment is true? Heat treatment:
Involves both controlled heating and cooling.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of powder metallurgy? Powder metallurgy can create:
Large parts with close dimensional tolerances.
Which ductile nonferrous metal is used in sound dampening applications?
Lead
Which of the following is true about metal grain growth?
Longer cooling times usually mean larger grains.
Which statement describes high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels? HSLA steels have:
Low carbon content and typically less than 3% alloying elements.
Which of the following best describes the properties of titanium alloys?
Low coefficient of thermal expansion, lightweight, high strength-to-weight ratio
Lead and tin are both valued for which property?
Low melting points
Which properties are associated with lead and tin?
Low melting points and good ductility
Which lists the main steps in powder metallurgy in the correct order?
Manufacturing powder, blending, compacting, and sintering.
Which statement about superalloys is true?
Many superalloys are designed to withstand temperatures around 2000°F (1090°C).
Which of the following sentences about superalloys is true
Many superalloys are patented and owned by particular companies.
When steel is heated above the austenite phase then rapidly cooled to room temperature, what forms as a result?
Martensite
What term describes plain carbon steels that contain between 0.3 and 0.6% carbon?
Medium carbon steel
Which manufacturing materials are valued for electrical and thermal properties?
Metal
Which of the sentences is true about the physical properties of metals?
Metals like copper have high electrical conductivity.
How would the mechanical properties differ between a metal with large grains and a metal with small grains?
Metals with smaller grains are usually stronger.
Which alloying element would be best suited for a high-temperature application, such as furnace or engine components?
Molybdenum
Which of the following are examples of refractory metals?
Molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum
Which sentence is true about the physical properties of metals?
Most metals transfer thermal energy easily, which makes them good heat conductors.
Which of the following sentences about nonferrous metals is true?
Nonferrous metals and alloys are generally lighter than most steels.
Which statement is true? Sheet metal shearing:
Occurs only when the shear force overcomes the material.
A hardening process that adds a very thin film of material to the surface of a metal.
Physical vapor deposition
What high-speed steel (HSS) treatment process allows evaporated material to condense and solidify on a tool's surface?
Physical vapor deposition
Which type of steel contains less than 3% of alloying elements other than iron and carbon?
Plain carbon steel
Which process involves rapidly cooling metal in a medium such as oil or water?
Quenching
Which of the following sentences best describes the formation of martensite? To form martensite, steel is heated to above the upper critical temperature and then:
Rapidly cooled to room temperature.
Which of the following describes quenching?
Rapidly cooling metal in a medium such as water or oil after it has been soaked above the upper critical temperature.
Which type of advanced functional ceramic material is used in optical ceramic products?
Sapphire
Which statement about sheet and bulk metal is true?
Sheet metal is usually cold worked.
Which statement about metal shaping processes is true?
Sheet metal processes and extrusion shape metal without creating chips.
Which sentence is true about the iron-carbon phase diagram? The iron-carbon phase diagram:
Shows the effects of temperature and carbon on microstructures.
Which of the following sentences describes tempering?
Soaking metal below the lower critical temperature and then cooling it to relieve stresses.
What term best describes a ceramic made from commonly occurring natural materials intended for use in building construction?
Structural ceramics
Which group of metals is extremely expensive and typically reserved for highly demanding applications, such as gas turbines and nuclear reactor components?
Superalloys
What typically happens to a metal's crystal structure when that metal is heated?
The atoms in the metal move more freely.
Which of the following sentences best describes the formation of bainite? To form bainite, steel is heated to:
The austenite phase, rapidly cooled and then slowly cooled.
What do aluminum series 2xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx have in common?
They are all heat treatable.
Which of the metals are commonly used as plating metals?
Tin, nickel, zinc
Which metal is often used to make medical devices, such as artificial joints?
Titanium
Which of the following sentences is true about titanium?
Titanium alloys develop an oxide layer that helps them resist corrosion at high temperatures.
What key material property allows a tool to absorb shock and resist fracture during operation?
Toughness
What type of ceramics use the conventional process of shaping and firing clay-based materials?
Traditional ceramics
Which of the following are all types of refractory metals?
Tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum
Which classification system includes numbers for nonferrous metals?
UNS
Which of the following statements is true about nonferrous metals? Nonferrous metals are:
Usually more resistant to corrosion than steel.
An alloy of copper and tin.
bronze
A metal with a high carbon content, which appears in the material as graphite
cast iron.
A metal valued for its high electrical and thermal conductivity.
copper
Like AISI-SAE steel designations, the last four digits of UNS classifications for nonferrous metals indicate the percentage of alloying elements and carbon. True False
false
Physical properties describe how a material will handle stress, such as a sudden impact or heavy load. True False
false
Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tools are manufactured to offer greater hardness and wear resistance than cutting tools made from natural, single-crystal diamonds. True False
false
Structural ceramics are manufactured to be vitreous after firing. true or false
false
Whiteware is a strong ceramic that is used in the construction industry. true orfale
false
steel is often used in electrical wiring and circuit boards due to its high corrosion resistance. True False
false
Cast iron with more than 2% carbon, excellent compressive strength, but poor ductility.
grey cast iron
Ferrous metals containing more than 0.6% carbon.
high carbon steel
An operation that exposes a tool to temperature fluctuations and shocks.
interrupted cutting
Ferrous metals that contain less than 0.3% carbon and are easy to form.
low carbon steel
The lightest commercial metal.
magnesium
The most commercially popular ferrous metal.
steel
Complex alloys designed to resist extremely high pressures and temperatures.
superalloy
A ceramic is strongest after heat treatment. true or false
true
A tougher tool material absorbs shock better than a harder tool material. True False
true
A very hard tool material is also generally brittle. True False
true
AISI-SAE is used to classify steel, but not nonferrous metals. True False
true
Abrasives begin as ceramic particles that are then mixed with a bonding agent. true or false
true
Ceramics are held together by strong ionic and covalent bonds. true or false.
true
Cermet cutting tools possess properties that normally do not exist together within individual materials. True False
true
Compared to steel, many nonferrous metals are lighter and better electrical and heat conductors. True False
true
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) cutting tools are the best choice of tools for machining ferrous metals that require the hardest available tools. True False
true
Diamond cutting tools are unable to machine ferrous metals.
true
Good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity are two properties that differentiate metals from plastics. True False
true
Grains, grain boundaries, and pores all determine microstructure. true or false
true
Heat treating involves both the controlled heating and cooling of a metal. True False
true
Iron can have a BCC or FCC structure, depending on temperature. True False
true
Manufacturers developed carbon tool steels to replace plain carbon steel. true false
true
Many metals are highly susceptible to corrosion, compared to other manufacturing materials. True False
true
Most pure metals are not appropriate for manufacturing applications. True False
true
Refractories are designed to perform under high operating temperatures. true or false
true
Traditional ceramics are manufactured by a conventional process. true or false
true
