Exam 2: CHAPTERS - 5,6,7,9

Which statement illustrates low status consistency? A suburban family lives in a modest ranch home and enjoys a nice vacation each summer. A single mother receives food stamps and struggles to find adequate employment. A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year. A celebrity actor owns homes in three countries.

a college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year

. According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where? A community where neighbors don't know each other very well A neighborhood with mostly elderly citizens A city with a large minority population A college campus with students who are very competitive

a community where neighbors don't know each other very well

Which of the following is not an appropriate group for democratic leadership? A fire station A college classroom A high school prom committee A homeless shelter

a fire station

Which of the following is not an example of an in-group? The Ku Klux Klan A fraternity A synagogue A high school

a high school

Which person is more likely to be part of your primary group? a parent a co-worker a person standing next to someone in an elevator a friend of a friend on social media

a parent

According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of the power elite? A war veteran A senator A professor A mechanic

a senator

Which is not an example of a normative organization? A book club A church youth group A People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) protest group A study hall

a study hall

Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism? Men often earn more than women, even working the same job. After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant. Doctors earn more money because their job is more highly valued. Teachers continue to struggle to keep benefits such as health insurance.

after work, pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a french restaurant

A parent who is worrying over her teenager's dangerous and self-destructive behavior and low self-esteem may wish to look at her child's: reference group in-group out-group All of the above

all of the above

How do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce? With a standardized curriculum Through the hidden curriculum By socializing them in teamwork All of the above

all of the above

In Asch's study on conformity, what contributed to the ability of subjects to resist conforming? A very small group of witnesses The presence of an ally The ability to keep one's answer private All of the above

all of the above

What are some of the intended positive aspects of bureaucracies? Increased productivity Increased efficiency Equal treatment for all All of the above

all of the above

What is one way to distinguish between psychology and sociology? Psychology focuses on the mind, while sociology focuses on society. Psychologists are interested in mental health, while sociologists are interested in societal functions. Psychologists look inward to understand behavior while sociologists look outward. All of the above

all of the above

Which of the following would be considered deviant? Listening to your iPod during your 2 p.m. sociology lecture Stealing food from the grocery store Burping in public all of the above

all of the above

a caste system will determine a individual's life occupations marriage partner housing all of the answers are correct

all of the answers are correct

socialization is needed to create moral development to understand culture to develop properly all of the answers are correct

all of the answers are corrects

During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other Black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________. An act of social control An act of deviance A social norm Criminal mores

an act of deviance

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intragenerational mobility? A janitor belongs to the same social class as his grandmother did. An executive belongs to a different class than her parents. An editor shares the same social class as his cousin. A lawyer belongs to a different class than her sister.

an executive belongs to a different class than her parents

Which one of the following is not a way people are socialized by religion? People learn the material culture of their religion. Life stages and roles are connected to religious celebration. An individual's personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith. Places of worship provide a space for shared group experiences.

an individual's personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith

. Which type of group leadership has a communication pattern that flows from the top down? Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-faire Expressive

authoritarian

According to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity commit a crime? Because his parents committed similar crimes Because his fame protects him from retribution Because his fame disconnects him from society Because he is challenging socially accepted norms

because his fame protects him from retribution

Why do people join utilitarian organizations? Because they feel an affinity with others there Because they receive a tangible benefit from joining Because they have no choice Because they feel pressured to do so

because they receive a tangible benefit from joining

From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person's socialization? Gender Class Blood type Race

blood type

What occurs in Lawrence Kohlberg's conventional level? Children develop the ability to have abstract thoughts. Morality is developed by pain and pleasure. Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral. Parental beliefs have no influence on children's morality.

children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility? Caste Monarchy Meritocracy Class

class

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as: class traits power prestige underclass

class traits

. Which of the following is not a characteristic of bureaucracies? Coercion to join Hierarchy of authority Explicit rules Division of labor

coercion to join

Societies practice social control to maintain ________. formal sanctions social order cultural deviance sanction labeling

cultural deviance

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions. denied the opportunity to obtain encouraged to train for often fired from forced into

denied the opportunity to obtain

Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined? Deviance is defined by federal, state, and local laws. Deviance's definition is determined by one's religion. Deviance occurs whenever someone else is harmed by an action. Deviance is socially defined.

deviance is socially defined

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers: must labor alone, without companionship do not feel connected to their work or to one another move from one geographical location to another have to put forth self-effort to get ahead

do not feel connected to their work or to one another

Two people who have just had a baby have turned from a _______ to a _________. primary group; secondary group dyad; triad couple; family de facto group; nuclear family

dyad, triad

The fact the marijuana is legalized in multiple states underscores: Each state can socially construct deviance by writing laws that permit certain behaviors and criminalizes other behaviors. Using marijuana will always be deviant even, if the law changes. Deviance does not change. all of the above.

each state can socially construct deviance by writing laws that permit certain behaviors and criminalizes other behaviors

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would: receive the same pay as all the other physician's assistants be considered a member of the upper class most likely marry a professional at the same level earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

Which of the following is an example of corporate crime? Embezzlement Larceny Assault Burglary

embezzlement

A primary group is a large group of people who interact with one another over a short period of time. true/false

false

Molly is wrong in expecting her choir group, with whom she interacts infrequently, to adhere to group norms when interacting with her. true/false

false

deviance does not vary in terms of time, situation, group, or culture true/false

false

functionalism analyzes socialization on a micro level true/false

false

like all women in her family, ivy is extremely tall. this example supports the argument that nurture is more important than nature true/false

false

measuring criminal deviance is simple and straightforward true/false

false

solomon asch's research rejected the power groups have over individuals true/false

false

wealth is the money a person receives, usually through wages or salaries true/false

false

Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization? School Family Mass media Workplace

family

Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States? First-shift factory worker First-generation college student Firstborn son who inherits the family business First-time interviewee who is hired for a job

first-generation college student

Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who: are ambitious fund social services spend money wisely get rich while workers stay poor

get rich while workers stay poor

Socialization, as a sociological term, describes: how people interact during social situations how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values a person's internal mental state when in a group setting the difference between introverts and extroverts

how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values

What does a Functionalist consider when studying a phenomenon like the Tea Party movement? The minute functions that every person at the protests plays in the whole The internal conflicts that play out within such a diverse and leaderless group How the movement contributes to the stability of society by offering the discontented a safe, controlled outlet for dissension The factions and divisions that form within the movement

how the movement contributes to the stability of society by offering the discontented a safe, controlled outlet for dissension

most sociologists would probably agree that in the nature-nurture debate the nature vs. nurture debate ended when mapping the human genome was complete. human development is the result of the interaction of natural and social influences. nature is more important than nurture. social interaction is the only aspect needed for human development.

human development is the result of the interaction of natural and social influences

In a process that Erving Goffman called _____, we provide information and cues to others to present ourselves in a favorable light while downplaying or concealing our less appealing characteristics. internalization resocialization role taking impression management

impression management

Phoebe is an active member of a vegan group. Though many students in her college believe veganism is much-ado-about- nothing, Phoebe and her friends actively protest against the consumption of meat. They widely publicize the benefits of being a vegan and consider all vegans to be healthier than others. For Phoebe, her vegan group is a _____. out-group triad in-group dyad

in-group

Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Americans must be socialized to new roles? Infancy School age Adulthood Senior citizen

infancy

A student has a habit of talking on their cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops the lecture and asks the student to respect others in the class by turning off the phone. In this situation, the professor used __________ to maintain social control. Informal negative sanctions Informal positive sanctions Formal negative sanctions Formal positive sanctions

informal negative sanctions

One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating _______. deviance formal sanctions informal sanctions positive sanctions

informal sanctions

Which of these is an example of a total institution? Jail High school Political party A gym

jail

Which of the following is a manifest function of schools? Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent Learning to read and write Following a schedule Knowing locker room etiquette

learning to read and write

In the United States, most people define themselves as: middle class upper class lower class no specific class

middle class

Occupational prestige means that jobs are: all equal in status not equally valued assigned to a person for life not part of a person's self-identity

not equally valued

What factor makes caste systems closed? They are run by secretive governments. People cannot change their social standing. Most have been outlawed. They exist only in rural areas.

people cannot change their social standing

A student wakes up late and realizes their sociology exam starts in five minutes. They jump into their car and speed down the road, where they are pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that they are running late, and the officer lets them off with a warning. The student's actions are an example of _________. primary deviance positive deviance secondary deviance master deviance

primary deviance

______ deviance is a violation of norms that ______result in a person being labeled a deviant. Secondary; does not Negative; does Primary; does not Primary; may or may not

primary, does not

Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States? Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing. Rates of violent crimes are decreasing, but there are more nonviolent crimes now than ever before. Crime rates have skyrocketed since the 1970s due to lax corrections laws. Rates of street crime have gone up, but corporate crime has gone down.

rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing

What is a group whose values, norms, and beliefs come to serve as a standard for one's own behavior? Secondary group Formal organization Reference group Primary group

reference group

. When a high school student gets teased by her basketball team for receiving an academic award, she is dealing with competing ______________. primary groups out-groups reference groups secondary groups

reference groups

. The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification: is an outdated mode of societal organization is an artificial reflection of society serves a purpose in society cannot be justified

serves a purpose in society

Harlow's study on rhesus monkeys showed that: rhesus monkeys raised by other primate species are poorly socialized monkeys can be adequately socialized by imitating humans food is more important than social comfort social comfort is more important than food

social comfort is more important than food

Chris Langan's story illustrates that: children raised in one-parent households tend to have higher IQs. intelligence is more important than socialization. socialization can be more important than intelligence. neither socialization nor intelligence affects college admissions.

socialization can be more important than intelligence

What is a disadvantage of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)? The NCVS doesn't include demographic data, such as age or gender. The NCVS may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones. The NCVS doesn't address the relationship between the criminal and the victim. The NCVS only includes information collected by police officers.

the NCVS may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones

The GNI PPP figure represents: a country's total accumulated wealth annual government spending the average annual income of a country's citizens a country's debt

the average annual income of a country's citizens

______________ argues that social stratification is necessary to promote excellence, productivity, and efficiency in a society. marxist thesis global stratification conspicuous consumption the davis-moore thesis

the davis-moore thesis

Who is more likely to be an expressive leader? The sales manager of a fast-growing cosmetics company A high school teacher at a reform school The director of a summer camp for chronically ill children A manager at a fast-food restaurant

the director of a summer camp for chronically ill children

What is the largest difference between the Functionalist and Conflict perspectives and the Interactionist perspective? The former two consider long-term repercussions of the group or situation, while the latter focuses on the present. The first two are the more common sociological perspective, while the latter is a newer sociological model. The first two focus on hierarchical roles within an organization, while the last takes a more holistic view. The first two perspectives address large-scale issues facing groups, while the last examines more detailed aspects.

the first two perspectives address large-scale issues facing groups, while the last examines more detailed aspects

Which event created a significant divide between Western Europe/America and the rest of the world? The Industrial Revolution The American Revolution The Reformation World War I

the industrial revolution

A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this? The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status. The offender has returned to their old neighborhood and so reestablished their former habits. The offender has lost the social bonds they made in prison and feels disconnected from society. The offender is poor and responding to the different cultural values that exist in their community.

the offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status

What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked? The justice perspective Sympathetic reactions to moral situations The perspective of females How social environment affects how morality develops

the perspective of females

Why do sociologists need to be careful when drawing conclusions from twin studies? The results do not apply to singletons. The twins were often raised in different ways. The twins may turn out to actually be fraternal. The sample sizes are often small.

the sample sizes are often small

What is a disadvantage of the McDonaldization of society? There is less variety of goods. There is an increased need for employees with postgraduate degrees. There is less competition so prices are higher. There are fewer jobs so unemployment increases.

there is less variety of goods

What is an advantage of the McDonaldization of society? There is more variety of goods. There is less theft. There is more worldwide availability of goods. There is more opportunity for businesses.

there is more worldwide availability of goods

How do traditional models of global stratification breakdown different categories of countries? They analyze the degree of industrialization. They evaluate cultural norms and social goals. They measure social mobility between classes. They use measures to assess the economic power each nation.

they analyze the degree of industrialization

Which of the following is true regarding U.S. socialization of recent high school graduates? They are expected to take a year "off" before college. They are required to serve in the military for one year. They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation. They are required to move away from their parents.

they are expected to enter college trade school or the workforce shortly after graduation

What role do secondary groups play in society? They are transactional, task-based, and short-term, filling practical needs. They provide a social network that allows people to compare themselves to others. The members give and receive emotional support. They allow individuals to challenge their beliefs and prejudices.

they are transactional, task based, and short term, filling practical needs

Marcel believes that he, alone, with his hard work and personal effort can experience upward social mobility. Marcel would be a believer in meritocracy with this idea. true/false

true

When humans are born, they have a genetic makeup and biological traits. However, humans need social interaction to have proper development. true/false

true

america would be an example of a country with an open stratification system true/false

true

deviance is universal because it exists in every society true/false

true

rachel's friends from her biology class, with whom she interacts only in school, form her secondary group true/false

true

rites of passage refers to public rituals that mark the transition from one social position to another true/false

true

without socialization, people will not learn about the material culture of a society true/false

true

Spousal abuse is an example of a ________. street crime corporate crime violent crime nonviolent crime

violent crime

Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving? Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment. Wealthy parents are not concerned about their children rebelling against their rules. Wealthy parents never engage in repetitive tasks. Wealthy parents are more concerned with money than with a good education.

wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment