Exam #2 Chapters 7&8

Which of the following conditions would most likely require high-flow (90% or higher) oxygen?

carbon monoxide poisoning

If you are unable to open an injured patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver, you should:

carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

A distinct disadvantage of the one-rescuer bag-mask technique is:

difficulty in maintaining an adequate mask-to-face seal.

An unresponsive man has been injured and has gasping breathing. You are not sure if you feel a carotid pulse. You should:

Begin CPR and open the airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

Which of the following statements regarding the brain's oxygen needs is correct?

Brain cells cannot be replaced once they have been destroyed.

Which of the following statements regarding infants and children is false?

Cardiac arrest in infants and children is often the result of heart disease.

If CPR is in progress by trained bystanders when you arrive at the scene, you should:

Check for a pulse while compressions are ongoing.

If the family member of a cardiac arrest patient presents you with a living will, you should:

follow your department's protocols.

"Adam's apple" and "voicebox" are other terms used to describe the:

larynx

When assessing for breathing in an unresponsive patient, you should:

observe the chest for visible rise.

The proper oxygen flow rate is determined by the:

patient's condition and type of oxygen delivery device used.

If the AED advises "no shock," you should:

perform CPR for 2 minutes and reassess

Blood clotting is the responsibility of:

platelets

A nonrebreathing mask works by:

storing oxygen in the reservoir bag, which the patient inhales during each breath.

For purposes of rescue breathing, a child is a person between:

1 and 12 to 14 years of age.

What are the appropriate ventilation duration and rate for an adult patient who is not breathing but who has a pulse?

1 second, 10 to 12 breaths/min

A child's airway should be suctioned for no longer than _______ seconds at a time.

10

Every effort should be made to avoid interrupting CPR for longer than:

10 seconds

A normal adult's resting respiratory rate typically ranges between:

12-20 breaths/min

Generally speaking, the most common foreign object that causes an airway obstruction it:

Food or candy

If an adult with an airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, you should lay him or her on the ground and:

Immediately begin chest compressions

The pulse oximeter may not provide an accurate reading of the:

Patient's fingers or earlobes are cold.

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct?

Stroke patients may be unable to get sufficient oxygen from room air.

Which of the following statements regarding the nasal airway is correct?

The nasal airway does not allow suctioning of the nose.

The appropriate ventilation rate for nonbreathing 10 -year-old child is:

20 to 30 breaths/min

You would least likely insert a nasal airway in a patient:

With a possible head injury

Pulse oximetry is used to:

assess the amount of oxygen saturated in red blood cells.

If you witness a patient's cardiac arrest, you should:

begin CPR and apply an AED as soon as one is available.

The most sensitive cells in the human body are in the:

brain

Rescue breathing in the adult is adequate if:

breaths are delivered over 1 second and the chest rises.

When using a nonrebreathing mask, you should adjust the liter flow to:

keep the bag partially inflated when the patient inhales.

When opening the airway of a patient who has a stoma, you should:

keep the patient's neck straight.

The main purpose of the oral airway is to:

maintain the airway after it has been opened manually

The purpose of the jaw-thrust maneuver is to:

open a patient's airway without manipulating the neck.

Suctioning of an adult patient's mouth is limited to 15 seconds at a time because:

oxygen is being removed from the patient as well as secretions.

A snoring sound heard when an unconscious patient is breathing is MOST often the result of:

partial blockage of the airway by the tongue

Chest thrusts should be performed on:

patients who are in the later stages of pregnancy.

The purpose of the recovery position is to:

prevent secretions from entering the trachea

The main purpose of the respiratory system is to:

provide oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the red blood cells.

Initial attempts to clear a patient's airway of foreign material should be performed by:

sweeping the mouth with your finger.

Which of the following is an appropriate ventilation rate for an infant or child?

15 breaths/min

A Self-inflating bag-mask device will deliver _____ oxygen without supplemental oxygen attached.

21%

After a patient experiences cardiac arrest, brain damage usually begins within:

4-6 minutes

If an oxygen cylinder contains less than _____ psi, it should be replaced with a full cylinder.

500

Brain damage may become irreversible in as little as _____ minutes following the onset of cardiac arrest.

8

In a healthy patient, the oxygen saturation should be at least ________ when breathing room air.

94%

While ventilating a nonbreathing patient with a bag-mask device, you do not see the chest rise. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this?

Air is leaking around the mask.

Airway obstruction removal attempts in a conscious infant consists of:

Back slaps and blind finger sweeps.

The muscle between the chest and abdomen is called the:

Diaphragm

Which of the following statements regarding dental appliances is correct?

Do not remove dental appliances that are firmly attached in the patient's mouth.

A 60-year-old man passed out in his bathroom and is wedged in between the toilet and bathtub. You assess him and determine that he is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a pulse. A responding ambulance is 6 minutes from the scene. You should:

Drag him by the shoulders into a bedroom or kitchen and then begin chest compressions.

At a minimum, the EMR's life support kit should contain a ventilation device that:

Enables you to deliver rescue breaths without mouth-to-mouth contact.

When a person swallows food or liquid, it does not enter the trachea because the:

Epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing

Which of the following occurs during alveolar ventilation?

Incoming oxygen passes from the alveoli into the blood, and outgoing carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli.

Once the pressure in an oxygen cylinder has been regulated to about 50 pounds per square inch (psi):

a flowmeter is then used to deliver the appropriate oxygen rate.

Which of the following represents the most appropriate order for managing the airway of an unconscious, uninjured patient with adequate breathing?

Perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver, check the airway for secretions, insert an oral airway, and place the patient in the recovery position.

A 4-year old boy was electrocuted when he stuck a pin into an electrical outlet. You arrive At the scene and assess the child, who is motionless. He is not breathing and does not have a pulse. A responding ambulance is approximately 5 minutes away and you are by yourself. The most appropriate treatment sequence for this child consists of:

Performing 30 chest compressions, opening the airway, and delivering two rescue breaths.

Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?

Pulse oximetry should not replace a thorough patient assessment.

You have just pulled your neighbor's 3-year-old daughter from a swimming pool. The child's father does nog know how long she was submerged in the water. Your assessment reveals that the child is unresponsive, is not breathing, and has a weak pulse. You should:

Tell the father to activate the EMS system as you initiate rescue breathing.

Which of the following statements regarding the nasal cannula is correct?

The flow rate should not exceed 6 L/min.

If pediatric-sized defibrillation pads and an energy reducer are not available for a child in cardiac arrest, you should:

Use adult size AED pads

Which of the following statements regarding the oral airway is correct?

Use of an oral airway is contraindicated in patients who are conscious.

The appropriate landmark for performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient with a severe airway obstruction is:

above the navel and below the xiphoid process

You are working in your yard when you see your neighbor, a middle-aged woman, collapse in her front yard. you should:

activate EMS after assessing the patient's level of responsiveness.

While delivering your first rescue breath to an unconscious nonbreathing child, you see the chest visibly rise. You should next:

allow the lungs to deflate before delivering the next breath.

All of the following are signs of obvious death, except:

an absent pulse.

The highest concentration of oxygen can be delivered to a patient with a bag-mask device if:

an oxygen reservoir is attached.

Adequate ventilation of an adult patient with a bag-mask device is best accomplished:

as a two-person operation, if additional rescuers are available.

The first step in caring for a conscious person who may have an obstructed airway is to:

ask the patient if he or she is choking.

If a patient is found to be unresponsive, the EMR's first action should be to:

assess for breathing and check for a pulse.

You are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a sick infant. As you enter the residence, a frantic woman hands you her pale, limp 6-month-old son. You tap the infant's foot and determine that he is unresponsive. You should next:

assess for signs of adequate breathing and then check the brachial pulse.

The alveoli in the lungs are surrounded by very small blood vessels called:

capillaries

Compared to veins, arteries:

carry blood away from the heart at high pressure

By compressing a patient's sternum during CPR, you:

change pressure in the patient's chest and force blood through the body.

After manually opening an unconscious patient's airway, you should:

check the mouth for secretions, foreign bodies, or dentures.

When performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient with a severe airway obstruction, you should:

continue the thrusts until the patient becomes unresponsive.

Air is drawn into the lungs through the trachea when the:

diaphragm contracts and the rib cage expands

When determining the correct size oral airway, you should measure from the:

earlobe to corner of mouth

While eating in a restaurant, you see a man sitting at a nearby table suddenly stand up and begin coughing forcefully. His wife franticly screams, "He's choking!" and begs for someone to help. You should:

encourage the man to keep coughing and ask an employee to call 9-1-1.

If the AED states that a shock is advised, you should:

ensure that no one is touching the patient.

After adjusting the oxygen flow rate on the nonrebreathing mask to the desired setting, you should next:

ensure that the reservoir bag is completely full.

A patient who has experienced cardiac arrest:

is unconscious, not breathing, and pulseless.

Blood is pumped throughout the entire body after it:

has picked up oxygen in the lungs

A patient with _____ may appear to be in respiratory arrest, even though he or she is breathing

hypothermia

If a cardiac arrest patient is found in a bed, you should:

immediately place the patient on a firm, level surface.

During two-rescuer CPR on a 60-year-old woman, the patient begins regurgitating. You should:

immediately place the woman on her side.

Nasal airways can be used

in both conscious and unconscious patients

The most immediate threat associated with gastric distention is:

increased risk of vomiting.

When ventilating an unconscious nonbreathing adult with a bag-mask device, you should:

insert an oral or nasal airway.

When inserting a nasal airway, you should:

insert the airway into the larger nostril first.

A child is MOST accurately defined as a person who:

is between 1 year and the onset of puberty.

A manual defibrillator is preferred to an AED if the patient:

is between 1 year and the onset of puberty.

You are having difficulty providing rescue breaths to a nonbreathing elderly woman. You look in her mouth and note that she has loosely fitting dentures. You should:

remove the dentures and continue providing rescue breaths.

A 70-year-old woman was found unconscious in her bed. She has a pulse, but is gurgling when she breathes. You should:

roll the patient onto her side, carefully sweep out her mouth with your finger, and reassess her breathing.

A person who has had an obstruction from his or her airway removed by the Heimlich maneuver:

should be transported to the hospital for evaluation.

A car screeches up to your station shortly before you hear a frantic knock at the door. When you answer the door, a young woman tells you that her father is choking. The patient, a 60-year-old man, is clutching his throat. You ask him if he is choking, but he does not respond to your question. You should:

stand behind the man and deliver abdominal thrusts.

You are assessing a conscious 5-year-old child who experienced a sudden inability to speak or cough while playing with a small toy. The child appears sleepy and has pale skin. You should:

suspect a severe airway obstruction.

A mild airway obstruction is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT:

unconsciousness

A patient with an infection would be expected to have an increase in:

white blood cells