exam 2 NS 3332

Needs related feeling: When Needs are Not Being Met

slide ch 4

But Really, What About Problem Solving?

It Is "Trial and Correction" Not "Trial and Error": Trial and correction, rather than trial and error, underlies AI. The process is analogous to the nearly universal human experience of learning how to walk. Like a toddler watching people walk, when we listen to each other's stories, our ambition awakens, evoking more robust motivation for change. Acknowledge success: Clients easily lose sight of their progress when they have setbacks or don't reach their goals as quickly as they wish. Keep reminding them of past progress no matter how much or little they have made.

Learning to be a coach

When selecting a coach training program, consider choosing the one- - Provides evidence based competencies, skills and other tools regarding the psychology of change. - Acknowledges the value of positive psychology and other tools honoring ones strength, value and resources. - Encourages client autonomy, self efficacy and collaboration. - Requires live practices - Employs faculty with training and extensive experiences as professional coach and coach trainers. • To be a coach- Practice being a client. - Personally experience the results that can occur - Practice new skill sets and apply them • Create a professional development plan: - Assess your coaching skills on a scale of 1-10 - Set up your intended outcomes - Develop an action plan to get there - Set up review time and make revisions - Celebrate all of the good thing in your coaching life.

I am having such a difficult time with my manager. I think I am going to get fired from my job, and then how will I afford to eat all of the healthy foods we've been discussing.

client

Principles of appreciative inquiry

ch 5 ppt

The AI Protocol Includes Four Discoveries

1.Best experience: Even when people seemingly intractable challenges to the coaching session, it is important to encourage them to look at things through an appreciative frame and a light of curious wonder and interest. The coach who endeavors to stay positive, anticipate greatness, reframe reality, evoke insight, and share stories enables clients to experience coaching as bringing out the best in them rather than the worst. Using humor, laughter, and playfulness in AI energizes the behavior change process so that solutions expand in scope, sustainability, and effectiveness. 2. Core Values: AI emphasize life-giving experiences, core values, generative conditions, and heartfelt wishes as it energizes clients to learn to make new contributions and to express new ways of being in the world. The challenge is to enable clients not only to deliver on their promises but also to go beyond them. This happens when clients learn to experiment, innovate, and improvise so that they can take bigger, bolder, and better actions in the service of their dreams.

The AI Protocol Includes Four Discoveries

3. Generative conditions: A masterful coach pays attention to the large dynamics at play in a client's life rather than just the immediate goal or task. AI avoids fragmented interventions by recognizing the totality of the whole. For example, one of the more impactful consequences of the constructionist principle for coaching is in the area of self-improvement. 4. Three wishes: Tell me about your hopes and dreams for the future. If you found a magic lamp and a genie were to grant you three wishes, what would they be? The purpose of these discoveries is to boost the energy and strengthen self-efficacy of clients through the vivid reconnaissance of mastery experiences.

Relationship: The heart of coaching

A trusting authentic and connected bond between coach and client is the first goal of any coaching relationship. - Shows genuine concern for the clients' welfare and future. - Continuously demonstrates personal integrity, honesty and sincerity - Establishes clear agreements and keeps promises - Demonstrate respects for clients' perceptions, learning style and sincerity - Provides ongoing support - Ask permission to coach client in sensitive area • Relatedness, one of the key components in the development of self determination. It conveys respect, and the individual feels valued and experiences warmth and empathy from the coach.

Appreciative Inquiry (AI): A Tool for Celebrating the Best

AI is a philosophy as well as an approach for motivating change and enhancing well-being that focuses on exploring and amplifying the best in a person. AI does not focus on wellnesses and problems to fix; instead, clients are encourages to acknowledge strengths and imagine possibilities in order to rise above and outgrow their problems. Given the value of positive emotions, AI is a valuable coaching tool for uncovering and celebrating the best of what is and what could be.

The Value of Appreciative Inquiry in Coaching

AI is a valuable tool for energizing, motivating, and mobilizing a client toward behavior change. It starts with the presumption that anything is possible and then employs a methodology to help clients make it happen, thus elevating both self-esteem and self-efficacy. The AI protocol is a great place to start, especially when clients do not have a clear focus. AI requires clients to use a mixture of analytic activities and creative activities. It is not enough to encourage clients to identify and commit to SMART goals (goals that are Specific, Measurable, Actionable, Realistic and have a Timeline). No matter how well-crafted the strategy, a purely analytic approach will fail if it is not supplemented by a process that engages the client's heart and stirs the client's imagination. SMART goals must also be compelling goals.

Open ended inquiry

Along with other models used by coaches, MI leverages the full value of open-ended inquiry. Such questions allow clients to take an active role in the coaching session as they explore both the positive and negative impacts of their behaviors. • Some example of open-ended questions that evoke change talk are- • What is the best experience you have had with your desired future behavior? • What concerns do you have about your current behavior? • What values do you seek to live by in your life? • How might you desired future behavior lead to benefits in the future? • How might your current behavior lead to problems in the future? • Also, Open-ended inquiry encourages the client to process his or her experience and talk more than coaches.

A New View of Positive Psychology

As the positive psychology movement matures, so does the perspective on its goals. In the early stages, there was strong focus on increasing one's happiness through positive emotions, engagement, and meaning: The end game was to feel good. Critics of the happiness movement suggests that there is more to life than happiness or just feeling good. Seligman (2011) then introduced the PERMA model of well being with five components to expand on his initial thinking: Positive emotion Engagement Relationship Meaning Achievement Positive people give to the others with their best possible selves to achieve their best possible futures. Fredrickson (2009) contends that the way to happiness is to flourish through cultivating positivity in order to be optimally resilient in the face of negativity. Hence, positivity is a necessity, not a luxury; it is an essential component of good health and well being.

Using Appreciative Inquiry to Transform the Coaching Relationship

Because coaching promotes client development within a learning partnership, it is important for coaches to solicit feedback from clients. For example, at periodic intervals during the coaching program, the following inquiries could be used: What's the best experience you have had so far through the coaching process? What are the values you most often see me modeling as a coach? What conditions have most helped you reach your goals and move forward? If a genie were to grant you three wishes regarding our coaching relationship, what would they be.

But Really, What About Problem Solving?

Coach the Client and the Environment: Designing environments to be supportive of a client's goals and promises is essential for client success. A strengthen-based approach to coaching does not work in isolation from a client's environment. Friends, colleagues, and relatives can provide emotional support, practical support, partnering, or listening ears. Example include: Exercise with someone Phoning someone daily or several times a week Reporting progress regularly to someone etc. Stay in a Positive Frame: Again, it is human nature to selectively notice and focus on problems. That's why news headlines get our attention when they focus on tragedies, terrorism, and scandals. Acknowledge the problem, and then invite them to look at it form a different perspective. Two possible questions to ask to make the shift from a traditional problem-solving approach are "How did this make a positive contribution to your development?" and "How else would you describe this situation?"

It does sound like a difficult time, and I hear how worried you are while also really wanting to keep your positive momentum going.

Coach with Empathy

I completely understand. I remember when I worked for someone just like that 10 years ago. It is so frustrating to not be understood; I remember it just like it was yesterday, but I got through it so can you.

Coach with Sympathy

How Does Coaching Generate Positivity?

Coaching generates positivity by fostering the capacity, resources and processes that are needed for successful change. Top 10 positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2009) Inspiration: Connecting health and well being to higher purpose and life meaning. Hope: Creating a vision for the future. Pride: Uncovering strengths and talents and appreciating success in meeting goals. Interest: Setting goals that are engaging but not anxiety producing. Love: Fostering trust, rapport and connection with the coach harness social support. Awe: Identifying inspiring role models and heroes. Amusement: Laughing at onset and positive situation. Joy: Improving awareness and enjoyment of thrilling. Gratitude: Appreciating life's gift including challenges. Serenity: Stopping to savor moments of contentment.

How coaching works?

Coaching progresses through several stages- - Discuss coaching relationship - Provide background information of client - Assist the client in setting a goal - clients should confirm that they are willing to change - Three month goals are reviewed and agreed in detail by client - Review progress in each subsequent session - Explore a key topic and resolve it - Ideal session is 30-45 minute. Longer session may required • After a few weeks of coaching sessions clients start to see early wins and subsequent rewards. This is what motivates them to change. • Session can be done - Facetoface - Telephoneorvideoconferencing

What is coaching Psychology?

Coachingpsychologyisabranchofpsychologythatisconcernedwiththesystematicapplication of the behavioral science of the psychology to the enhancement of life experience, work performance and wellbeing for individuals, groups and organization. -Self determination: The end game of coaching: Three dimensions of social environment can facilitate self determination (Deci and Ryan, 1985) 1. Structure: developing clear, realistic expectation and achievable goal 2. Autonomy support: acknowledging clients opinion/choice regarding behavior 3. Involvement: understand quality of relationship and perception -What comes of self determination: - Greater persistence - More flexibility and creativity - Better physical, mental health and well being - More interest and enjoyment - Higher quality of close personal relationships -

Close - ended Question

Did you eat salad for launch last week? - Ok great! Did you enjoy it? - Will you do it again next week?

Expressing Empathy with Nonviolent Communication

Empathy is not about feeling sorry about someone; its about understanding and respecting where someone is coming from. It requires full engagement and deep appreciation. • Make observation, not evaluation. Example- I failed to exercise last week- this is an evaluation. Whereas, I went to the gym one time last week- is an observation. • Expressing feeling, not Thoughts. 'I feel it is useless.' - this statement is a thought not feeling. • Identify needs, not strategy. Need are more than the things we can not live without. Example- 'I need to work out everyday'- is not expressing need, its expressing strategy to meet the need. • Make request, not demands. Language of request will be- What agreement would you be willing to make with regard to exercise in the coming week.

Positive Psychology

Happy people are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors. Positivity and health is a two-way street; good health generates positivity, and positivity generates good health, an upward spiral.

Benefits of high self esteem

High self-esteem- • Facilitates greater resilience through persistence in the face of challenge. • Leads to greater initiative. • Promotes leadership as those with higher esteem are more willing to speak up in group situations. • Has a relationship to feelings of happiness. But high self-esteem can also lead to more undesirable outcomes- • Narcissism, coupled with aggression. • Increased focus on social comparison • An inflated view of how others perceive the person with high self-esteem • A willingness to be more critical of others • A greater willingness to experiment with potentiality risky health behavior.

But Really, What About Problem Solving?

It is the nature of the human mind to zoom in to look at what's not working, to notice, analyze, and solve problems. But that does not necessarily make it the best or most effective strategy to use. Indeed, tackling problems head on often provokes discouragement and resistance rather than fostering encouragement and readiness to change. When working on challenges with the AI framework, keep the following in mind: You have what it takes to succeed: If a coach does not believe in the ambitions and innate abilities of their client, it will negatively impact progress toward improved health and well-being. My Certainty is Greater than Your Doubt: Great coaches come from this framework, but know that it is better to not directly make this argument to their clients. Great coaching communicates a calm energy of confidence on which clients can build and from which they can learn.

examining motivations with rules

MI readiness and confidence rulers are useful tools for the exploration of motivation to change. These scoring rulers enable clients to think out loud and qualify qualitative topics that are hard to pin down- their readiness, willingness, and ability to change. • With all three rulers, it is valuable to explore with a client: 'What led you to not pick a lower number?' 'What would help you get to higher number?' • Open-ended questions such as these, followed by perceptive reflections can evoke change talk and support behavior change.

Coaching mechanism of action

Mechanism 1: Growth-promoting Relationship - Clients are too often focused on what's wrong and lack full capacities - Skilled coaches help their clients to figure out what they need given a safe nonjudgmental challenging and invigorating space. • Mechanism 2: Elicit Self-motivation - Therearetwogeneraltypesofmotivation- - External: someone other than ourselves tells us what to do/ internalize the external idea- I should or I ought to do. This works only short term. - Autonomous: Leads to sustainable motivation. • Mechanism 3: Build Confidence - A little success will improve motivation and confidence and get clients started on an upward spiral. • Mechanism 4: Process of change - The simplest approach is a regular progress report, perhaps weekly, monthly or quarterly.

Dream

Once clients have discovered the best of "What is," it is time to encourage them to envision the best of "What might be." In the dream making process, AI encourages the use of both left brain and right brain activities. Several considerations impact the dream making process. The first is the question of a calling: What is life calling a client to be or become. The second is the question of energy: What possibilities generate excitement for a client? The third is the question of support: What is the positive core that supports a client? When the dream becomes a target that beckons and an anticipatory field that surrounds and supports a client's best self, it is time move on to design

Discover

Once the learning agreement is clear, the next step is to assist clients in discovering promising examples of the desired outcomes, both past and present. To facilitate the discovery process, AI has developed an appreciative interview protocol that can be adapted and used by coaching process. It is particularly effective when clients are discouraged or struck. The discovery phase of AI can be viewed as the most important phase in the coaching session. It elevates self-confidence and lays the foundation for all that follows. That's why it's so important to not rush through the discovery process in order to get goal setting.

The role of meaning in motivation

One's sense of purpose and meaning can also be an important foundation for reasons for change. The quest for meaning is the key to mental health and human flourishing, including overcoming adversity. • Coaches help clients examine the larger value and purpose behind any desired change, mining the past for lessons learned, the present for what contributions the change could make to performance and life purpose, and the future related to potential contributions to cause beyond self.

Perceptive Reflection

Reflective listening statement function like mirrors, enabling clients to see themselves in new ways and improve both motivation and capacity for change. • MI uses more reflective listening statements than question of any type. That's because questions tend to generate left brain thinking-dominated responses, whereas reflections tap into emotions and needs.

Benefits of high self esteem

Self - • Self compassion includes three elements: Self Kindness, a sense of common humanity and mindfulness. • Self compassion involves openness to experiencing the full range of human emotions so that they are acknowledged and honored without suppression, avoidance, exaggeration or rumination. Compassion: Nonviolent Communication: • Empathy: Empathy is the respectful understanding of another persons experience, including his or her feelings, needs and desires. People often confuse empathy with pity and sympathy.

But Really, What About Problem Solving?

Speak the truth in love: If the definition of love includes "mutual care," it is important for coaches to bring this to the coaching relationship, especially in times of challenges. Clients who are not fully engaged, being honest with themselves, following through on their promises, working hard, and/or making progress may benefit from coaches reflecting these perceptions. Use Appreciative Inquiry to Handle a Client's Self-sabotage: Avoid "Wrestling" with clients who are not meeting their goals or following through on their promises week after week. Instead, use the 5-D cycle to make sure the goals and promises are exciting to the client's capacity. If after employing these strategies and not provoking resistance the coach still cannot assist a client to move forward, it may be true that the client is experiencing challenges that go deeper than coaching can resolve. If so, it may be time to make a therapeutic referral.

coaching perspective and character strengths

The following summarizes and organizes the character strengths (Peterson and Seligman, 2004) with the addition of coaching perspectives. • Wisdom and knowledge: - Creativity (Originality, Ingenuity) - Curiosity (Interest, Novelty-Seeking, Openness to Experience) - Openmindedness(Judgment,CriticalThinking) - Loveoflearning - Perspective (Wisdom) • Courage: - Bravery - Persistence (Perseverance, Industriousness) - Integrity (Authenticity, Honesty) - Vitality(Zest,Enthusiasm,Vigor,Energy)

Open - ended Question

Tell me about what happened with your goal of eating salad for lunch last week. What went well? - What did you enjoye about that? - Good, what will you do with this learning next week?

Coaching presence

The ability to be fully conscious and create spontaneous relationship with the client, employing a style that is open, flexible and confident. pie/grapgh

Design

The design phase of the AI process give dream legs by working to align the client's infrastructure with the dream. It is important to make the design phase as detailed and personal as possible. Encouraging clients to make commitments, offers, and requests with a close horizon. Commitments represents actions that clients promise to take in response to the requests of others. Offers represent actions that clients volunteer to take. Requests represents actions that clients seek from others in order to successfully implement the design.

The 5-D Cycle of Appreciative Inquiry

The five AI principles have resulted in the development of a transformational change process that works with large group as well as with individuals. Although the process has been described in various ways, the 5-D cycle is the most common and easily remembered (Watkins & Mohr, 2001). graph pie in ch 5 ppt slides

Motivational Interviewing principle 1: Engaging

The more a client feels stuck and unable to move forward, the more important it is for coaches to express empathy and to validate and appreciate the discomfort. Rolling with resistance: One way to show support for client autonomy is to roll with resistance. Coaches pushing back against resistance can increase resistance and can move clients backward in their readiness to change. According to Marshal Rosenberg (2005), the following forms of communication can increase resistance and interfere with empathy. 1. Moralistic judgment 2. Diagnostic labels 3. Enemy images 4. Guilt trips 5. Making demands 6. Denying choice or responsibilities 7. Rewards and punishments 8. Making comparisons

Five Principle of Appreciative Inquiry

The positive principle: Positive actions and outcomes stem from positive energy and emotion. This principle asserts that positive energy and emotion disrupts that positive energy and emotion disrupt downward spirals, building the aspirations of people into a dynamic force for transformational change. The construction principle: Positive energy and emotion stem from positive conversions and interactions, this principle asserts that positive energy and emotion are generated through positive conversions and interactions leading to positive outcomes. The simultaneity principle: This principle claims that conversations and interactions become positive the instant we ask a positive question, tell a positive story, or share a positive reflection. The anticipatory principle: This asserts, when there is a positive anticipation toward the future, everything tilts in that direction. The poetic principle: The asserts that - the more one attends to the positive dimensions of the present moment, the more positive the intention for future moments will be.

Define

The process starts by securing an agreement between coach and client as to what to learn (topic choice) and how the client wants to learn it (method choice). The effectiveness of the AI process depends on the agreement being both clear and appropriate. Some clients may not be ready, willing, or able to implement a strength-based approach to transformational change. Express compassion as an entry point to move the conversation forward. In the absence of forward movement after a reasonable amount of time, clients may make more progress with a therapist or counselor by developing ways to heal or process negative emotions and experiences

Destiny

The purpose of AI is to elevate both the positive energy and self-efficacy of clients in order to assist them in realizing their destinies. It is not just a feel-good process; it is also an action process that makes dreams come true and makes dreaming intrinsic to the client's way of being in the world.

Motivational interviewing Principle 2 : focusing

The second principle of MI is to enable a focused exploration of the discrepancies between a client's stated value and goals and their current behaviors. • This principle narrower than the focus of a typical coaching session in which a coach and client collaborate to determine the focus and agenda for the session. • This can be appropriate if offered to a client first as one of several options and he or she chooses to proceed to explore this discrepancy as the next best step.

Distinguishing Coaching and therapy

Therapists are licensed to treat diagnosable disorders which includes all currently recognized disorders in mental health. • Coaches are not clinical diagnosticians and coaches do not focus directly in improving a clinically diagnosed conditions. • It is important that coaches are vigilant in noticing issues that may require the support of a licensed mental health provider.

Shifted focus reflection

These reflections are like the image we see in a periscope. They redirect our attention away from a resistance-provoking subject in order to focus on another area. • Example: • Coach: I don't have time to exercise. My friends and my spouse don't either! • Client: This sounds challenging, so little time to exercise. I'm wondering the dance class you started with your partner. You are doing pretty well with that, I remember you saying that you are enjoying the classes.

The following perspective shifts may assist coaches in rolling with resistance:

check slide

Oh, you poor thing! It is just terrible the way your manager treats you! You should win a prize just for putting up with that!

coach with pity

The Nonviolent Communication model

see slides in ch 4 This figure depicts the nonviolent communication model. This model works equally well as both a format for expressing gratitude and celebration, and for requesting understanding and agreements.

Needs related feeling: when needs are being met

slide ch 4

Autonomous motivation

• It is about behaving with a full sense of violation , interest and choice. • When people are autonomously motivated, they control their choices, and they are acting in ways they find interesting, important better or of deep value. • According to Deci(2013)- benefits to people who has high autonomous motivation experience- • New and positive behaviors persist longer. • They are more flexible and creative. • Performance improves • Moreenjoymentinmakingchanges. • Better physical health and higher quality personal relationships.

Examples of approaches which increases the likelihood of resistance talk-

• Advising - I think you should..., how come you didn't... ? • Educating - This could turn into a very positive experience for you if you just... • Consoling - It wasn't your fault, you did the best you could... • One-upping - That's nothing, wait until you hear what happened to me... • Storytelling - That reminds me of the time... • Shutting down - Cheer up. Don't feel so bad... • Interrogating - When did this begin? • Commiserating - Oh you poor thing... • Explaining - I would have called but... • Correcting - That's not how it happened...

being skills

• Affirmation: Giving affirmation means conveying acceptance and appreciation of a clients thought, feelings and choices. Taken together, empathy, warmth and affirmation foster an important quality of being necessary for masterful coaching. • Calm: Calmness enables people to avoid automatic responses such as fear and anxiety; instead they notice the emotion, they are present and they make a choice about the response. • Zest: Be optimistic and helpful. - Cultivate gratitude - Positive practices- such as build happiness, balance and self- esteem. • Playfulness: Zest and playfulness support one another. It ignites our energy for engagement with life. • Courage and authenticity: Having courage in coaching means sharing what is being noticed, felt, needed and wanted.

Three core coaching skills cont.

• Example of Open-Ended Inquiry • What are the top three values in your life? • What part of your life is most important to you? • What would your life be like if you do not achieve these goals? • What will it take for you to make changes? • What excites you? • What is the best case scenario? • What have you tried and succeeded to accomplish in your life that is similar to this goal. • Perceptive reflections • When coaches perceptively paraphrase and reflect what they think clients are saying, clients react with deeper responses. • Example: • I am worried about setting a running goal because I haven't run since high school. -So, you are concerned about running because it has been a long time since you last ran.

Developing discrepancy

• Exploring a decisional balance, the pros and cons of a particular change, is a helpful tool in assisting clients to thinking through whether they are ready, willing and able to make a change. • A coach can either help a client focus on one column at a time e.g., focusing on all of the reason to stay same; or use a technique called mental contrasting where the client would alternate- first identify a reason to stay the same and then a reason to change, and back and forth (Oettingen & Gollwitzer, 2010).

Perceptive reflection for developing discrepancy

• Four powerful reflections used by MI practitioners to develop discrepancy between the desired future and current behaviors are: • Simple Reflections • Amplified Reflections • Double-Sided Reflections • Shifted-Focus Reflections

Health and Wellnes Coaching Research

• Health and wellness coaching research at an early stage showed that coaching improves health outcome for several chronic disease including diabetes, heart disease, obesity and on cancer survivors. • Characteristics of coaching are- - A process that is fully or partially patient-centered - Includes patient-determined goals - Encourages accountability for behavioral goals - Addressesawidespectrumofhealthandwellnessneedsfromchildhoodtoendof life • Much progress to be made in this research field to become integrated into mainstream healthcare and corporate and consumer wellness.

Establish trust and rapport

• Hold unconditional positive regard - Being completely accepting toward another person without reservation • Show empathy - Respectfully understanding of another persons experience, including his or her feelings, needs and desires • Be a humble role model - Never dominate the situation with one's own experiences and always remain humble • Slow down - Be completely present and savor every moment with each client • Under-promise and over-deliver • The client finds the answers as far is possible • Confidentiality is crucial • Be authentic

coaching perspective and character strengths

• Humanity: - Kindness (Generosity, Nurturance, Care, Compassion, Altruistic Love, Niceness) - Social intelligence (Emotional, personal) • Justice: - Social Responsibility, Loyalty, Teamwork • Temperance: - Forgiveness and Mercy - Humility/Modesty - Prudence - Self-Regulation (Self- Control) • Transcendence: - Appreciation of beauty and excellence (Awe, Wonder, Elevation) - Gratitude - Hope (Optimism, Future-Mindedness, Future- Orientation) - Humor (Playfulness) - Spirituality (Faith, Purpose, Religiousness) • Fairness • Leadership

Integrating the Coaching Approach

• In a effective functioning coaching relationship- - Clientsareworkingatleastashardasyouare - Clientsaretalkingmorethanyouare - Let clients find the answer for themselves - Askpermissiontogiveexpertadvice - Give them choices to think about so that they experience their own creativity and decision making - Speaklessandspeaksimply - Ateveryturnofacoachingconversation-thinkbeforeyouspeak,opineetc. - Balancequestionswithreflections - If clients wants to acquire new knowledge or skills, help them locate the resource

Verbal persuasion- evoking change talk

• Many different environmental factors effect self-efficacy; two of the most important are the things people say to us (verbal persuasion) and the people do around us (vicarious experience). • The more coaches try to persuade clients of what they should do, the more resistance coaches evoke, which decreases the readiness of change. • The coaches believe in a client increases a client's belief in himself or herself. • Bandura (1994) notes that it is far easier to discourage someone with our words that it is to encourage them. The wrong words spoken at the wrong time can undermine confidence and produce disappointing results. • It's better to listen and remain silent than to push the wrong buttons in our attempt to get this moving.

Three core coaching skills

• Mindful Listening • Listening that brings full, non judgmental awareness of what someone is saying in the present moment is the hallmark of great coaching. Some quick tips for mindful listening: - Do not think about what you will say next until your client has spoken the last word of his or her thought. - Pause after your client has spoken. - Listen for emotions as well as facts. - Do not interrupt. - Mirror what the client has said to confirm your understanding.

Mindfullness

• Mindfulness is also critical ingredient for coaches in managing their emotions during coaching sessions. • Some tips for activating mindfulness before coaching sessions - Take three deep breaths - Close your eyes for five seconds - Become aware of your breathing - Say to yourself: - I am grateful for this opportunity to connect and make a difference - I have an opportunity to make a pivotal contribution - I am open to and curious about what will unfold.

Being skills

• Mindfulness: When one is mindful, one is actively engaged in the present and sensitive to both context and perspective. • Empathy: Seeks solely to understand and value another persons experience with respect and compassion. • Someone who is empathetic is- - Curious without being demanding - Interested without being intrusive - Compassionate without being condescending - Persistent without being impatient • Warmth: Warmth comes from positive regards. - Itisthepowertoopenupclients,justasthesunshinehasthepowertoopen flowers. - Withoutwarmthallattemptsatempathywillfail.

Motivational Interviewing: A model for increasing motivational and self efficacy

• Motivational interviewing aims to increase autonomous motivation for change with the following strategies that support the clients autonomy. 1. Engaging: Developing growth - promoting and relationship building strategies that support the clients autonomy. Helping Clients develop more clarity around their values and goals. 2. Focusing: Generating a connection to the client's autonomous motivations and drives 3. Evoking: 4. Planning: Designin

Physiological/ affective states Cultivating eustress , minimize distress

• Nothing is more personal than one's body and feelings, both of which can interfere with self-efficacy. • How people feel about the prospect of change impact their self efficacy. • If they are feeling disturbed approaching a task, they are more likely to have low self efficacy than when approaching a task feeling relaxed and confident. • Eustress literally define as the good stress occurs in the flow zone. • Giving respectful attention and understanding to physiological/affective states, both during and between coaching sessions, can assists coaches and clients in finding the eustress. • The same is true for the coach's own physiological/affective states because they often mirror what a client is feeling and needing.

Three core coaching skills cont.

• Open-Ended Inquiry • To enable clients to open up and explore their stories, it's important to ask open ended questions. • Open ended questions elicit long, narrative answers. Closed- ended questions elicit short 'sound bite answers'. 'What' and 'How' are often the best ways to begin open ended questions because they encourage storytelling.

Additional relationship building tools

• Positive Reframing: Framing a client's experiences in positive terms. Once the conversation takes a positive turn, it is easier to engage in brainstorming, action planning, and forward movement. • Silence: Often silence will lead to new insights and directional shifts that clients and coaches may have never anticipated. When clients are talking do not interrupt them, be silent. • Humor and Playfulness: The more often a coach can make clients laugh and see the lighter side of their challenges and opportunities, the more they will open themselves up to change. • Championing: When the coach has an upbeat and energetic attitude, combined with a positive outlook, clients are more able to find the courage for change. • Solicit Input and Suggestions: Soliciting input builds the coaching relationship by making it clear to a client that the coach is totally devoted to the clients success.

Social cognitive theory

• Social cognitive theory asserts that human behavior is determined by three factors which interact with each other in dynamic and reciprocal ways: • Personal factors: Such as what one believes and how one feels about what one can do, • Environmental factors: such as support networks and role models. • Behavioral factors: such as what one experiences and accomplishes.

What does it mean to be motivated?

• Start a new habit or learn a new skill - Motivation is the energy that can drive one to • Takeasteptowardsagoal • Focusonmakingahabitorlearningaskilltowardagoal • Sustainahabitorskill • Appreciateandsavorgoalachievement. • • Motivationmaycomefromanexternalsourcewiththegoodintentionofmotivatingaclientto make critical behavior changes or to change unhealthy thinking. • External source of motivation can have the best outcomes in mind for a client while pushing strongly, encouraging or even demanding 'compliance in behavioral changes'. • Whenclientsrespondtoexternalmotivationwithchangesinbehavior,theyaremostlikelydriven to comply by a desire to please another.. Also be reacting to the fear of not doing so. • Sometimeexternalmotivationjeopardizesenseofautonomyandeventuallyprovokeresistance and defiance.

mastery experiences: successful perseverant efforts

• The MI principle of planning calls for realistic, well thought-out plans that consider barriers and challenges. • To strengthen goal commitment and the possibility for mastery, the coach and client collaborate to: • Dream to envision the desired future • Explore the client's intention with motivation and meaning • Create specific, measurable, and meaningful action steps • Examine the client's level of confidence • Create contingency plans • Imagine success and its positive consequences • Affirm commitment, strengths and ability

motivational interviewing Principle 4: planning

• The MI principle of planning involves collaborating on an action plan supported by increasing self-efficacy. • Self-Efficacy: • Self-efficacy is the believe that one has the capability to initiate and sustain a desired behavior. • Client should be able to learn how to learn and change so that they can move on from a coaching partnership in self-directed, motivated, and confident ways.

Motivational interviewing Principle: evoking

• The third principle of MI centers on uncovering a clients reasons for change. Encouraging the client to explore their autonomous "why" behind a behavior change, especially with as orientation toward the future, can create the energy needed for a shift.

Double sided reflections

• These reflections are like the image seen in trifold mirrors; they reveal multiple perspectives at the same time. • Example: • Client: I don't have time to exercise. My friends and my spouse don't either! • Coach: I hear that you don't have time to exercise and that your friends and spouse don't either. But I've also heard you say that, exercise makes you feel better and the regular exercise would be good for your energy and health.

Amplified reflections

• These reflections are like the images seen in a convex or concave mirror. They maximize or minimize what client say in order to evoke disagreement from them in the direction of change talk. • Example: • Client: I don't have time to exercise. My friends and my spouse don't either! • Coach: I hear you saying that you don't know anyone who has time to exercise and that it feels impossible for you to fit exercise into your schedule.

Simple reflections

• These reflections are like the images seen in a flat mirror. A simple reflection paraphrases and restates what clients are saying, using their own words with exaggeration, interpretation, or distortion. • Example: • Client: I don't have time to exercise. My friends and my spouse don't either! • Coach: It seems that you, your friends, and your spouse don't have time to exercise.

How coaches handle clients negative emotions

• When coaches radiate warmth, patience and empathy, clients are better able to let go of the past, accept themselves and feel self compassion. • Self-compassion as a method of processing negative emotion and suffering well. • Coaches support clients in learning from their behavioral experiments to substitute curiosity for negative self talk that can come from perceives failure.