Exam 2 practice

While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called ________. A) extension B) flexion C) abduction D) adduction E) circumduction

abduction

During skeletal muscle contraction, to what do myosin heads bind? A) myosin filaments B) actin filaments C) Z discs D) thick filaments E) sarcoplasmic reticulum

actin filaments

The arrangement of fascicles in orbicularis oris is ________. A) circular B) convergent C) pennate D) fusiform

circular

Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid? A) oligodendrocytes B) Schwann cells C) microglia D) ependymal cells

ependymal cells

What is the main function of the quadriceps group? A) arm flexion B) hand supination C) thigh abduction D) knee extension E) foot inversion

knee extension

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________. A) sclera; cornea B) conjunctiva; sclera C) iris; pupil D) pupil; cornea

A

The gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ________. A) aqueous humor B) lens C) vitreous humor (body) D) cornea

A

The vibration of sound waves causes the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________. A) malleus or hammer B) incus or anvil C) stapes or stirrup D) otolith

A

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________. A) myelin sheaths B) neuroglia C) oligodendrocytes D) microglia

neuroglia

In which cerebral lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex located? A) parietal B) frontal C) temporal D) occipital

parietal

Which of these muscles is located on the ventral (anterior) side of the body? A) pectoralis major B) occipitalis C) gastrocnemius D) gluteus maximus E) latissimus dorsi

pectorals major

Anaerobic glycolysis requires ________ to make ATP. A) creatine phosphate only B) oxygen only C) glucose only D) both oxygen and glucose

glucose only

What are the two major functional properties of neurons? A) cover and line body surfaces B) contraction and movements C) irritability and conductivity D) connect and protect E) lubricate and secrete

irritability and conductivity

Which of the following is a type isometric exercise in which muscles increase in size and strength? A) swimming B) biking C) jogging D) lifting weights E) dancing

lifting weights

What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain? A) lateral sulcus B) longitudinal fissure C) central sulcus D) tentorium cerebelli

longitudinal fissure

The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called ________. A) ventricles B) arachnoid villi C) meninges D) sinuses

meninges

One neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates is known as a ________. A) sarcoplasmic reticulum B) motor unit C) synaptic cleft D) neuromuscular junction

motor unit

Which of these muscles is the prime mover of elbow extension? A) trapezius B) latissimus dorsi C) deltoid D) triceps brachii E) biceps brachii

triceps brachii

Which facial muscle is considered the "smiling" muscle since it raises the corners of the mouth? A) orbicularis oris B) frontalis C) orbicularis oculi D) zygomaticus

zygomaticus

What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division? A) somatic B) sympathetic C) parasympathetic D) afferent

parasympathetic

Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed ________. A) Meissner's corpuscles B) proprioceptors C) lamellar corpuscles D) association neurons

proprioceptors

Which of the following is an example of an isometric contraction? A) shaking the head as to say "no" B) pushing against an immovable wall C) bending the elbow D) rotating the arm E) nodding the head as to say "yes"

pushing against an immovable wall

Which type of muscle tissue contracts most quickly upon stimulation?

skeletal

1) Which term does NOT describe smooth muscle cells? A) visceral B) nonstriated C) skeletal D) involuntary

skeletal because its stripped

What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized (at rest)? A) calcium ions B) sodium ions C) potassium ions D) magnesium ions

sodium ions

What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex? A) pons B) pituitary gland C) thalamus D) hypothalamus

thalamus

A sarcomere is

the contractile unit between of muscle

) What flexible, crystal-like structure of the eye focuses light on the retina? A) iris B) sclera C) lens D) choroid E) optic chiasma

C

What is released by axon terminals into the synaptic cleft to stimulate a muscle to contract? A) potassium ions B) actin C) sodium ions D) acetylcholine E) myosin heads

acetylcholine

What is the unstoppable electrical current that travels down the length of the entire surface of a sarcolemma? A) neuromuscular junction B) action potential C) neurotransmitter D) acetylcholine

action potential

Which movement is opposite to abduction? A) flexion B) rotation C) circumduction D) adduction E) supination

adduction

What is covered by the endomysium?

an individual muscle cell

Muscles that perform opposite actions to one another are termed ________. A) synergists B) prime movers C) antagonists D) fixators

antagonists

Upon stimulation from a nerve impulse, neurotransmitters are released from the ________. A) myofibrils B) sarcoplasmic reticulum C) thick filaments D) axon terminals of the motor neuron E) sarcolemma of the muscle cell

axon terminals

Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons (part of the brain stem)? A) breathing B) cross-over of efferent motor fibers C) sensation D) an important relay center for vision

breathing

The hypothalamus is the "emotional" center of the brain and, thus, is an important part of the ________. A) posterior association area B) reticular activating system C) limbic system D) Broca's area E) anterior association area

c

In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system ________. A) has a chain of two motor neurons B) has a chain of two sensory neurons C) stimulates its effector cells D) has both sensory and motor fibers E) is a subdivision of the central nervous system

A

Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called ________. A) saltatory conduction B) repolarization C) graded potential D) sodium-potassium pump E) all-or-none response

A

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from one ossicle to the next. A) malleus, incus, stapes B) incus, malleus, stapes C) stapes, incus, malleus D) malleus, stapes, incus E) stapes, malleus, incus

A

Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges? A) pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater B) pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater C) arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater D) dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater E) dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

E

Which muscle group pulls the leg in towards the midline? A) abdominal muscles B) quadriceps group C) adductor group D) fibularis muscles E) hamstring group

adductor group

What brain dysfunction results when blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as occurs with a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel in the brain? A) cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke B) Parkinson's disease C) Huntington's disease D) multiple sclerosis

cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke

Cerebrospinal fluid ________. A) is secreted by the arachnoid villi B) enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space C) is secreted mostly by the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles D) is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses E) is identical in composition to whole blood

D

Charlotte burned the top of her tongue on a hot slice of pizza. What type of taste bud was damaged? A) vallate papillae B) foliate papillae C) circumvallate papillae D) fungiform papillae E) lingual papillae

D

Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize or articulate the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the ________. A) longitudinal fissure B) gyrus C) central sulcus D) Broca's area E) primary motor area

D

What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball? A) ceruminous B) sweat C) mammary D) lacrimal E) tarsal

D

What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision? A) optic disc B) cones C) ganglion cells D) rods E) bipolar cells

D

Which of the following indicates damage to the primary motor area? A) inability to form complex memories B) inability to say words properly C) inability to recognize patterns and faces D) inability to voluntarily move skeletal muscles E) inability to involuntarily move smooth muscles

D

Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________. A) vibration of the tympanic membrane B) movement of otoliths along hair cells C) transmission of light through the lens D) sound waves traveling through the cochlea E) stimulation of hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti

E

Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________. A) semicircular canals B) auricle (pinna) C) cochlea D) tympanic membrane E) vestibule

E

What part of the retina absorbs light and prevents it from scattering inside the eye? A) choroid B) neural layer C) photoreceptors D) vascular layer E) pigmented layer

E

Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system? A) decreased activity of the digestive system B) stimulated sweat glands to produce perspiration C) decreased urine output D) increased metabolic rate E) decreased heart rate

E

Which of the following is an alternate name for the parasympathetic nervous system? A) the exercise division B) the emergency division C) thoracolumbar division D) the fight-or-flight system E) the craniosacral division

E

Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called ________. A) hair cells B) rod cells C) cone cells D) Corti cells E) ceruminous cells

A

Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract? A) Sodium ions rush into the cell. B) Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to receptors on the sarcolemma and allows passage of sodium ions into the cell. C) Potassium ions diffuse out of the muscle cell. D) The sodium-potassium pump restores sodium and potassium back to their initial positions. E) Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) breaks down acetylcholine (ACh).

Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to receptors on the sarcolemma and allows passage of sodium ions into the cell.

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________. A) pons B) medulla oblongata C) midbrain D) cerebrum E) hypothalamus

B

Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ________. A) cupulae B) otoliths C) maculae D) ossicles

B

The heads of the myosin myofilaments are called ________ when they link the thick and thin filaments together during skeletal muscle contraction. A) neuromuscular junctions B) synapses C) cross bridges D) motor units

Cross bridges

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ________. A) eardrum B) semicircular canals C) inner ear D) middle ear E) outer ear

D

63) The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________. A) release tears onto the anterior surface of the eye B) refract light and focus it on the retina C) regulate the amount of light entering the eye D) produce gross eye movements E) prevent light from scattering inside the eye

E

Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged? A) cupula B) vestibule C) semicircular canals D) vestibular nerve E) tympanic membrane (eardrum)

E

Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain. A) optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe B) cochlear nerve, optic disc, optic tracts, thalamus, temporal lobe C) optic tracts, optic chiasma, optic nerve, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe D) optic nerve, optic radiation, optic tracts, hypothalamus, temporal lobe E) vestibular nerve, optic disc, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, parietal lobe

A

What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron? A) Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell. B) Neurons are propagating the action potential. C) Neurons are depolarizing and generating an action potential. D) Neurons are restoring the ionic conditions utilizing the sodium-potassium pump. E) Neurons are repolarizing as potassium ions diffuse out of the cell.

A

Which of the following brain dysfunctions is also known as a stroke? A) cerebrovascular accident (CVA) B) Alzheimer's disease C) aphasia D) cerebral edema E) Parkinson's disease

A

What sensation is related to sitting motionless at a desk studying your anatomy and physiology material? A) vibrations B) static equilibrium C) hearing D) dynamic equilibrium

B

Which of the following parts of a spinal nerve contains sensory nerves only? A) ventral root B) dorsal root ganglion C) mixed nerves D) ventral ramus E) dorsal ramus

B

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse? 1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward A) 3, 2, 4, 1 B) 2, 1, 4, 3 C) 2, 1, 3, 4 D) 1, 2, 4, 3 E) 4, 1, 3, 2

B

64) What vision disorder results from the loss of lens transparency? A) night blindness B) presbyopia C) cataracts D) glaucoma E) color blindness

C

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ________. A) choroid B) sclera C) conjunctiva D) retina

C

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are two arms of the ________. A) central nervous system B) voluntary nervous system C) autonomic nervous system D) somatic nervous system E) peripheral nervous system

C

What do the ventral roots and dorsal roots fuse to form? A) the dorsal root ganglion B) medulla oblongata C) spinal nerves D) the spinal cord E) central canal

C

What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain? A) vertigo B) conduction deafness C) sensorineural deafness D) otosclerosis

C

What structure is lined with ceruminous glands? A) pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube B) auricle (pinna) C) external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) D) tympanic membrane

C

Which of the following correctly states the function of the tarsal glands? A) Tarsal glands produce sweat. B) Tarsal glands secrete mucus. C) Tarsal glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eye. D) Tarsal glands release tears. E) Tarsal glands secrete lysozymes which are enzymes that destroy bacteria in the eye. Page Ref: 280

C