Exam 2 Questions

16. Graduate Record Exam scores correlate with grades in graduate school on the order of a. .2 to .3 b. .4 to .5 c. .6 to .7 d. .8 to .9

a. .2 to .3

29. According to Jensen's study of cumulative deficit, African-American children in an impoverished environment lose about ______________ IQ point(s) a year between the ages of 5 and 16. a. .5 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

a. .5

28. For IQ, most studies report heritability estimates right around a. .50 b. .30 c. .80 d. .60

a. .50

4. The age range for the Bayley-III is a. 1 to 42 months b. 2 to 60 months c. 6 to 60 months d. 6 to 120 months

a. 1 to 42 months

6. The age range for the WPPSI-III extends downward to about a. 2 years & 6 months b. 4 years & 6 months c. 3 years & 6 months d. 5 years & 6 months

a. 2 years & 6 months

30. For WAIS-IV IQ, the standard error of measurement for most age groups is about a. 2.1 b. 5.0 c. 7.1 d. 10.0

a. 2.1

36. The KBIT-2 can be administered in about a. 20 minutes b. 40 minutes c. an hour d. 2 hours

a. 20 minutes

33. In some studies, asymptomatic lead exposure is associated with an average decrement of about ______________ points in IQ. a. 4 b. 9 c. 14 d. 24

a. 4

38. A reasonable estimate is that about ____________ percent of all elementary and secondary students can be classified as learning disabled. a. 4 b. 10 c. 14 d. 20

a. 4

23. In factor analyses of the Wechsler tests, this subtest frequently loads on a third factor variously interpreted as "freedom from distractibility" or "memory." a. Arithmetic b. Vocabulary c. Comprehension d. Similarities

a. Arithmetic

38. Flynn's interpretation of generational IQ changes is that a. we should stop saying that IQ tests measure intelligence b. educational innovations have actually boosted intelligence c. nutritional changes are the main explanation d. none of the above

a. we should stop saying that IQ tests measure intelligence

5. In terms of scoring, the Bayley-III a. yields scaled subscale scores (Mean=10, SD=3). b. yields an overall composite score akin to an IQ score on a traditional test c. yields three composite scores reported as a standard score (M=500, SD=15) d. none of the above

a. yields scaled subscale scores (Mean=10, SD= 3)

3. The correlation coefficients between Multidimensional Aptitude Battery and WAIS-R IQs were found to be about ______, ______, and ______, for Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ, respectively. a. .7, .8, .9 b. .7, .9, .8 c. .8, .9, .7 d. .9, .8, .9

d. .9, .8, .9

26. The split-half reliability of WAIS-IV Full Scale IQ is about a. .67 b. .77 c. .87 d. .98

d. .98

12. The standard deviation of SAT subtest scores is a. 10 b. 15 c. 50 d. 100

d. 100

11. In general, scores on an SAT subtest can range from a. 0 to 100 b. 0 to 1000 c. 50 to 150 d. 200 to 800

d. 200 to 800

3. For technical quality and standardization, the best infant test is probably the a. Gesell Developmental Schedules b. Denver Developmental Screening Test c. Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale d. Bayley-III

d. Bayley-III

24. Performance on this subtest shows a steep decrement with advancing age. a. Vocabulary b. Comprehension c. Picture Completion d. Coding

d. Coding

39. What have a number of recent studies indicated happened with intelligence levels since the late 1990s? a. Mean IQ scores have accelerated upward b. IQ scores are maintaining a consistent trajectory c. IQ scores have flattened d. IQ scores have flattened and started to decline

d. IQ scores have flattened and started to decline

25. In the text, what ethnic group (of teenage children) was identified as showing unusual deviations in the rank order of item difficulty on several subtests of the WISC- III? a. African-American b. Latino c. Eastern European d. Native American

d. Native American

1. ______________ uses 28 behavior items, 18 reflexes and 7 qualities of responsiveness to assess an infant's behavioral repertoire. a. Bayley-III b. Early Screening Inventory-3 (DIAL-3) c. Developmental Assessment of Young Children (DAYC) d. Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

d. Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

7. Which test is particularly valuable for the supplemental testing of children and adults with hearing, language, or physical disabilities? a. Multidimensional Aptitude Battery b. Shipley Institute of Living Scale c. Cognitive Abilities Test d. Raven's Progressive Matrices

d. Raven's Progressive Matrices

34. This test is especially useful at both ends of the cognitive spectrum—the very young, those with developmental delays, and the highly gifted. a. McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities b. Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude-4 c. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III d. Stanford-Binet: Fifth Edition

d. Stanford-Binet: Fifth Edition

28. Digit Span and Arithmetic subtest are found on the ____________. a. Verbal Comprehension Index b. Perceptional Reasoning Index c. Mental Processing Index d. Working Memory Index

d. Working Memory Index

20. In general, the GED (Tests of General Educational Development) is considered ___________ _ a regular high school diploma. a. much easier than b. slightly easier than c. more difficult than d. about on a par with

d. about on par with

12. A screening instrument should be a. used to establish diagnosis b. brief c. administered by trained psychologists d. all the above

d. all of the above

40. If an apparent learning difficulty is primarily caused by ____________, then a learning disability cannot be diagnosed. a. visual problems b. intellectual disability c. economic disadvantage d. all of the above

d. all of the above

37. What seems to have happened to the IQ of the American population between 1930 and 1980? a. there was no change b. average IQ declined by 3-5 points c. average IQ increased by 3-5 points d. average IQ increased by 13-15 points

d. average IQ increased by 13-15 points

13. What ability is the quintessential example of crystallized Intelligence? a. cognitive-processing speed b. visual-spatial ability c. broad memory retrieval d. breadth of vocabulary

d. breadth of vocabulary

36. What has become a virtual consensus among researchers studying the effect of aging on intelligence? a. intelligence as a whole declines considerably with advancing age b. intelligence plateaus at age 25 then remains virtually unchanged until the 80s c. fluid intelligence remains nearly flat, but crystallized intelligence declines sharply in the 60s, 70s, and 80s d. crystallized intelligence remains nearly flat, but fluid intelligence declines sharply in the 60s, 70s, and 80s

d. crystallized intelligence remains nearly flat, but fluid intelligence declines sharply in the 60s, 70s, and 80s

16. Gardner has hypothesized that all of the following intelligences exist EXCEPT a. linguistic b. musical c. bodily-kinesthetic d. intuitive

d. intuitive

17. School-readiness is often considered controversial because: a. it is particularly susceptible to tester bias b. schools often insist on being the sole administrators of school readiness tests c. it originated around now-discredited testing practices d. it often has critical implications such as school entry

d. it often has critical implications such as school entry

10. What are the three major sections of the Scholastic Assessment (reasoning) Test? a. math, verbal, spatial b. math, history, reading c. math, science, writing d. math, reading, writing

d. math, reading, writing

37. The KBIT-2 is appropriate a. for diagnostic purposes b. as a substitute for traditional approaches (WISC-IV, SB5, etc.) c. in neuropsychological evaluations of children d. none of the above

d. none of the above

A(n) _________ definition defines a concept in terms of the way it is measured a. constructivist b. empirical c. real d. operational

d. operational

19. The purpose of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills is to a. detect weaknesses in school system curricula b. screen elementary school children for potential learning disabilities c. identify children who are underachieving d. provide information which can be used to improve instruction

d. provide information which can be used to improve instruction

35. According a study by Dickens and Flynn, what has happened to the difference between Black-White IQ from 1970 to 2000? a. Blacks have gained 4 to 7 IQ points compared to Whites b. Blacks have gained 10 to 12 IQ points compared to Whites c. Blacks have lost 4 to 7 IQ points compared to Whites d. Blacks have lost 10 to 12 IQ points compared to Whites

a. Blacks have gained 4 to 7 IQ points compared to Whites

17. In 2002, an Analytical Writing subtest was added to this prominent group test. a. GRE b. ASVAB c. GATB d. DAT

a. GRE

15. ____________ work led to a general theory of information-processing which includes two primary mental operations: simultaneous processing and successive processing. a. Luria's b. Gardner's c. Thurstone's d. Sternberg's

a. Luria's

9. The oldest of the college admission tests is the a. Scholastic Assessment Test b. American College Testing Program c. Graduate Record Examination d. Law School Admission Test

a. Scholastic Assessment Test

33. This test has the oldest heritage of any intelligence test. a. Stanford-Binet: Fifth Edition b. WAIS-III c. WISC-IV d. Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude-4

a. Stanford-Binet: Fifth Edition

20. What are the latest versions of the Wechsler intelligence tests? a. WPPS-III, WISC-IV, and WAIS-IV b. WASC-IV and the WPPS-III c. KBIT-2, KABC-II, and WISC-IV d. WISC-IV, WASC-IV, and KBIT-2

a. WPPS-III, WISC-IV, and WAIS-IV

18. The first Wechsler test was the ____________, designed for the assessment of ____________. a. Wechsler-Bellevue, adults b. Wechsler-Bellevue, children c. Wechsler Intelligence Scale, children d. Wechsler Intelligence Scale, adults

a. Wechsler-Bellevue, adults

16. The WPPSI-IV is: a. a commonly used measure of young children's cognitive functioning b. an assessment of preschool social and emotional functioning c. primarily used to diagnose behavioral problems d. an extension of the Stanford-Binet

a. a commonly used measure of young children's cognitive functioning

20. The instructions for the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test convey that the examinee should draw a. a picture of a man b. anything of interest to the examinee c. a family consisting of husband, wife, son, and daughter d. a house, tree, and person

a. a picture of a man

18. Tests used to predict future performance are known as ____________ tests. a. aptitude b. achievement c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

a. aptitude

30. In general, studies show that intervention and enrichment ______________ in children at risk for school failure and intellectual disability. a. can boost IQ b. have no effect on IQ c. have an unpredictable effect on IQ d. cause a mild IQ decline

a. can boost IQ

23. An item or subscale of a test is considered to have bias in ______________ when it is demonstrated to be relatively more difficult for members of one group than another when the general ability level of the groups being compared is held constant and no reasonable theoretical rationale exists to explain group differences on the item (or subscale) in question. a. content validity b. criterion-related validity c. construct validity d. face validity

a. content validity

32. Which problem is more severe, fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol effect? a. fetal alcohol syndrome b. fetal alcohol effect c. no difference—the terms are synonymous d. these competing diagnostic terms cannot be compared

a. fetal alcohol syndrome

11. A largely nonverbal and relatively culture-reduced form of mental efficiency is a. fluid intelligence b. crystallized intelligence c. general intelligence d. spatial ability

a. fluid intelligence

6. The purpose of factor analysis is to: a. help produce a parsimonious description of large, complex data sets b. discover the correlations that exist between tests or variables c. produce a larger number of factors from a smaller number of tests or variables d. none of the above

a. help produce a parsimonious description of large, complex data sets

26. According to the philosophy of ______________, without exception, the best qualified candidates should be selected for employment, admission, or other privilege. a. qualified individualism b. quotas c. unqualified individualism d. selective fitness

a. qualified individualism

17. A mentally deficient individual who has a highly developed talent in a single area is known as a(n) a. savant b. developmentally disabled person c. mentally deficient person d. none of the above

a. savant

1. The risk in group testing is that some examinees will a. score far below their true ability b. find the test to be too difficult c. object to being tested in the presence of other examinees d. none of the above

a. score for below their true ability

13. The proportion of cases accurately "flagged" as having a problem is known as a. sensitivity b. specificity c. false positives d. false negatives

a. sensitivity

22. The textbook takes the general position that test bias is synonymous with a. test fairness b. unintended outcomes of test usage c. differences between defined subpopulations d. differential validity

a. test fairness

39. Perhaps the most widely used definition of learning disabilities is a. the one mandated by Public Law 94-142 b. the rehabilitation agency viewpoint c. the deficit model proposed by Cruickshank d. none of the above

a. the one mandated by Public Law 94-142

5. In order of importance, experts saw ____________ as crucial to intelligence. a. verbal intelligence, problem-solving ability, and practical intelligence b. problem-solving ability, practical intelligence, and verbal intelligence c. practical intelligence, problem-solving ability, and verbal intelligence d. practical intelligence, verbal intelligence, and problem-solving ability

a. verbal intelligence, problem-solving ability, and practical intelligence

10. In an attempt to improve predictive validity, the most recent infant tests have assessed a. brain waves b. Piagetian skills c. visual habituation d. none of the above

c. visual habituation

13. On average, combined SAT scores correlate ____________ with college freshman GPA. a. .2 b. .4 c. .6 d. .8

b. .4

9. Indices of reaction time correlate as high as ____________ with traditional psychometric tests of intelligence. a. .20 b. .50 c. -.20 d. -.50

b. .50

29. ____________ core subtests are needed to obtain the traditional IQ score and the component index scores on the WAIS-IV. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20

b. 10

31. The first version of the WISC was published in about a. 1920 b. 1950 c. 1975 d. 1995

b. 1950

18. In the ______________, the ______________ mandated that disabled school children receive appropriate assessment and educational opportunities. a. 1960s, Education for All Handicapped Children Act b. 1970s, Education for All Handicapped Children Act c. 1960s, Intellectual Disability Rights Act d. 1970s, Intellectual Disability Rights Act

b. 1970s, Education for All Handicapped Children Act

8. In factor analysis, it is desirable to have a minimum of ____________ subject(s) for each test or variable. a. 1 b. 5 c. 10 d. 100

b. 5

21. When socioeconomic disparities are considered, the average African- American White IQ difference is on the order of ______________ points. a. 0 to 3 b. 7 to 12 c. 15 to 18 d. 21 to 24

b. 7 to 12

2. "The ability to judge well, to understand well, to reason well" was the definition of intelligence offered by a. Spearman b. Binet & Simon c. Wechsler d. Sternberg

b. Binet & Simon

14. The most widely known and researched pediatric screening tool in the United States is probably the a. Gesell Developmental Schedules b. Denver II c. Ordinal Scales of Psychological Development d. Bayley Scales of Infant Development

b. Denver II

8. The ____________ is probably the most widely used paper-and-pencil test in existence. a. General Aptitude Test Battery b. Differential Aptitude Test c. Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery d. Primary Mental Abilities Test

b. Differential Aptitude Test

7. What term does the Differential Ability Scales-II use as its composite score in lieu of the more traditional language of IQ? a. Cognitive Flexibility Capacity (CFC) b. General Conceptual Ability (GCA) c. Conceptual Cognitive Range (CCR) d. General Cognitive Capacity (GCC)

b. General Conceptual Ability (GCA)

40. Which statement is not a misconception about IQ? a. People possess a near constant IQ b. IQ scores are always relative c. IQ is a measure of personal worth d. IQ is an all-encompassing index of diverse intellectual abilities.

b. IQ scores are always relative

19. Which formula(s) depict how Wechsler computed IQs? a. IQ = mental age/chronological age b. IQ = attained score/expected mean score for age c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

b. IQ= attained score/expected mean score for age

35. The KBIT-II consists of two scales: a. Vocabulary and Matrices b. Verbal and Nonverbal c. Vocabulary and Performance d. Verbal and Matrices

b. Verbal and Nonverbal

2. The Multidimensional Aptitude Battery is designed to be a paper-and-pencil equivalent of the a. SB:FE b. WAIS-R c. K-ABC d. Differential Aptitude Test

b. WAIS-R

12. What one has already learned through the investment of fluid intelligence in cultural settings is a. fluid intelligence b. crystallized intelligence c. general intelligence d. spatial ability

b. crystallized intelligence

14. A test question such as "List as many consequences as possible if clouds had strings hanging down from them" is an index of a. convergent thinking b. divergent thinking c. memory d. evaluation

b. divergent thinking

11. In screening for school readiness, which kind of error is potentially more serious? a. false positive b. false negative c. both of the above are equally serious

b. false negative

2. The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale is unique because a. it has high predictive validity for adult behavior b. it emphasizes the need to document the contributions of the newborn to the parent-infant system c. it is the only test that has achieved high reliability rates for infants less than a year old d. all the above

b. it emphasizes the need to document the contributions of the newborn to the parent-infant system

25. In general, WAIS-IV IQs are ____________ WAIS-III IQs. a. higher than b. lower than c. about the same as

b. lower than

27. Since bureaucracies and educational institutions exist at the will of the people, it can be argued that these institutions are ethically bound to act in a manner that is "politically appropriate" to their location. This is the philosophy of a. qualified individualism b. quotas c. unqualified individualism d. selective fitness

b. quotas

7. The naming of factors depends upon a. statistical analysis b. reasoned judgment c. the name of the test with the highest loading d. inferring what non-loading tests share in common

b. reasoned judgement

31. ______________ are substances that can cross the placental barrier and cause physical deformities in the fetus. a. carcinogens b. teratogens c. seranogens d. none of the above

b. teratogens

14. Combining high school grade point average and SAT provides ____________ correlation with college freshman grades. a. .2 b. .4 c. .6 d. .8

c. .6

15. The correlations between HOME scores at 12 months of age and Stanford-Binet IQ at 36 months were about a. .2 b. .4 c. .6 d. .8

c. .6

6. Correlations between the Culture Fair Intelligence Test and other mainstream instruments such as the Wechsler Scales or the Stanford-Binet are generally in the ____________. a. .30s and .40s b. .50s and .60s c. .70s and .80s d. .90s

c. .70s and .80s

21. For the Wechsler tests, the standard deviation of IQ is always a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20

c. 15

34. On the average, African-Americans score about ______________ points lower than white Americans on standardized IQ tests. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20

c. 15

4. The subtests of the Cognitive Abilities Test are grouped into ____________ batteries consisting of ____________ tests. a. 2, verbal and quantitative b. 2, verbal and nonverbal c. 3, verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal d. 3, verbal, perceptual, and nonverbal

c. 3, verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal

15. English Usage, Mathematics Usage, Social Studies Reading, and Natural Sciences Reading are the four subtests of the ____________. a. SAT b. GRE c. ACT d. none of the above

c. ACT

4. ____________ conceptions of intelligence emphasize benevolence, humility, freedom from conventional standards of judgment, and doing what is right. a. African b. Latin American c. Eastern d. Native American

c. Eastern

27. What of the following is NOT one of the four domains (or index scores) measured on the WAIS-IV? a. Verbal Comprehension Index b. Perceptional Reasoning Index c. Mental Processing Index d. Working Memory Index

c. Mental Processing Index

10. Who proposed that an examinee's performance on an intelligence test is determined mainly by two influences: g, the pervasive general factor, and s, a factor specific to the test or subtest? a. Piaget b. Wechsler c. Spearman d. Guilford

c. Spearman

22. The ____________ subtest has the highest correlation with overall IQ. a. Comprehension b. Similarities c. Vocabulary d. Information

c. Vocabulary

3. "The aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with the environment" was the definition of intelligence offered by a. Spearman b. Binet & Simon c. Wechsler d. Sternberg

c. Wechsler

9. Regarding the predictive value of infant tests, a. when scores are near normal or higher, the tests possess little or no predictive validity b. for infants who score in the lowest few percentiles, infant tests validly predict a handicapped outcome in childhood c. both a and b d. neither a nor b

c. both a and b

32. In terms of validity, which test(s) is suitable for a 16-year-old examinee? a. WISC-IV b. WAIS-III c. both the WISC-IV and WAIS-III are equally suitable d. neither test is valid for a 16-year-old

c. both the WISC-IV and WAIS-III are equally suitable

8. In general, the Differential Ability Scales-II is thought to have a. high reliability, low validity b. low validity, high reliability c. high reliability, high validity d. low reliability, low validity

c. high reliability, high validity

19. Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test is a(n) a. projective measure of personality b. measure of intellectual giftedness c. index of intellectual maturity d. none of the above

c. index of intellectual maturity

5. The following is NOT true regarding the Law School Admission Test (LSAT): a. the test is 60 years old b. it is regarded as a valid predictor of grades in law school c. it primarily consists of essay style questions d. it is given approximately 150,000 times per year

c. it primarily consists of essay style questions

24. In general, for prominent ability and aptitude tests, the rank order of item difficulties is ____ __________ for relevant subpopulations. a. greatly dissimilar b. moderately dissimilar c. virtually identical d. unknown

c. virtually identical