Exam 2 quiz questions
Which of the following is NOT associated with type 2 diabetes?
Autoimmune disease
You would be diagnosed with Stage 2 hypertension if your systolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to 140 mmHg or your diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to...
90 mmHg
A fatty acid that contains a chain of ten carbons and one double carbon bond is a...
Monounsaturated, medium-chain fatty acid
Meat is NOT a good dietary source of glycogen. Why?
Most of the glycogen found in meat is broken down when the animal is slaughtered
During exercise, which of the following triggers the breakdown of stored fat?
adrenaline
During sleep, the body provides fuel to the brain...
by engaging in ketosis
what are the preferred fuels for most body functions?
carbohydrate and fat
Carbohydrates contain...
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Research has found that replacing your saturated fat intake with added sugars increases your risk for...
cardiovascular disease
a high fiber diet might help decrease blood cholesterol levels by...
causing more cholesterol-containing bile to be excreted in feces
the insoluble fiber that provides the main structural component of plant cell walls is?
cellulose
the most common sterol in our diet is...
cholesterol
what lifestyle changes can you take to improve your blood lipid profile?
maintain your intake of saturated fats below 7-10% of total energy
Which of the following recommendations has been shown to improve blood lipid levels and reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease?
maintaining fat intake to within 20-35% of total energy
An A1C test result of 7% suggests which of the following?
diabetes
Individuals with which untreated disease are at risk for developing ketoacidosis?
diabetes
In the diet, the nondigestible parts of plants that form the support structures of leaves, stems, and seeds are known as...
dietary fiber
Which of the following substances in a ripe peach is NOT absorbed by the body? water fructose dietary fiber vitamin c
dietary fiber
a diet low in fiber is associated with an increased risk of developing...
diverticulosis
To conserve body protein for its vital functions and not use it to provide energy, you should...
eat adequate amounts of of carbohydrates and fats
proteases are...
enzymes that break down protein in the small intestine
body fat stores are...
especially harmful in the abdominal region
T/F To make a complete protein, complementary proteins must be eaten at the same meal.
false
T/F. Because they are not digestible, resistant starches are harmful to the colon
false
T/F. Body fat is metabolically inactive.
false
T/F. Chylomicrons are often referred to as the "bad" cholesterol
false
T/F. Diabetes is more common in Caucasians than in other ethnic groups.
false
T/F. High blood levels of HDL-cholesterol increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
false
T/F. In an attempt to lose weight, Kendra fasted for three days. During that time, her body synthesized glycogen for fuel.
false
T/F. In obese people, lipid deposits in muscle, liver, and pancreatic beta cells INCREASES their sensitivity to insulin.
false
T/F. Protein-energy malnutrition is seen only in developing countries.
false
T/F. Stored glycogen is converted into glucose in a process called glycogenesis.
false
T/F. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for carbohydrate is 130 grams a day.
false
T/F. after crossing from the enterocytes into the bloodstream, amino acids travel directly to body cells that need them.
false
T/F. in diabetes, glucose causes disease by attaching to cellular DNA
false
T/F. protection against heart disease is a potential benefit of a diet rich in simple sugar
false
T/F. saturated fats are typically liquid at room temperature
false
T/F. the body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves
false
T/F. the process in which a protein loses its shape and function when exposed to acids, heat, and heavy metals is deamination
false
which of the following is a simple carbohydrate? galactose glycogen pectin cellulose
galactose
the process by which cells use genes to make proteins is called...
gene expression
When blood glucose levels drop, which hormone brings glucose out of storage to raise blood glucose levels?
glucagon
What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?
glucose
which of the following carbohydrates is an end product of photosynthesis? chlorophyll glycogen carbon dioxide glucose
glucose
storage form of glucose is...
glycogen
what is NOT a major classes of dietary lipids?
glycogens
Nuts are a good source of...
healthful unsaturated fats
Which of the following chemicals can be made of amino acids, is stored in glands, and is secreted into the bloodstream to regulate body functions?
hormone
After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?
insulin
type 1 diabetes destroys the...
insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas
Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins...
is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine
When we don't consume enough carbohydrate, what substances does the body produce as an alternative fuel?
ketones
a high fiber diet may...
reduce the risk of colon cancer
Blood triglyceride levels are decreased by...
regular exercise
In what cell structure are amino acids assembled into proteins?
ribosome
What enzyme is found in the mouth?
salivary amylase
saturated fats are found in...
salmon and eggs
The distinctive spiral or pleated sheet of a protein is known as its ___ structure.
secondary
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the metabolic syndrome?
sedentary lifestyle
Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?
side chain
Which of the following plant-based foods provides the MOST complete protein? soymilk pinto beans spinach whole wheat bread
soy milk
Sex hormones and adrenal hormones are derived from which class of lipid?
sterols
When fructose and glucose are bonded together they form:
sucrose
At her recent routine physical, Barbara was diagnosed with hypertension. Which of the following lifestyle changes would help Barbara lower her blood pressure?
switching to the DASH diet
Gluconeogenesis is the...
synthesis of new glucose from amino acids
a polypeptide consists of a string of how many amino acids?
ten or more
What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body?
the DNA inside the nucleus of the cell
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend a reduction in dietary sodium intake to how many mg per day?
less than 2,300
Fat leaves the chylomicron and moves into adipose cells when the chylomicron comes into contact with...
lipoprotein lipase
in the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the muscles and...
liver
T/F. Research has shown that the consumption of high-fructose corn syrup negatively affects metabolism and storage of body fat, thereby increasing the risk for diabetes
true
T/F. Sweetened soft drinks are the most common source of added sugars in the American diet
true
T/F. The nucleus of every cell in the body contains the genes for making every type of body protein
true
T/F. The term "monounsaturated" describes a fatty acid containing one double bond between two carbon atoms along the chain.
true
T/F. Weight-loss surgery may be recommended for people with uncontrolled diabetes who are severely obese
true
T/F. a healthy pregnant woman is in positive nitrogen balance
true
T/F. eating large amounts of added sugar is associated with an increased risk for diabetes
true
T/F. marasmus is a life threatening condition resulting from inadequate intakes of protein and total energy
true
T/F. olive oil, canola oil, and cashew nuts are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids
true
T/F. red blood cells can only use glucose for energy
true
T/F. some foods rich in simple sugars are also rich in fiber
true
what process involves both the synthesis of new proteins and the breakdown of existing proteins to amino acids?
turnover
Most of the proteins in the body are synthesized from...
twenty amino acids
a disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of...
two monosaccharides
in phenylketonuria (PKU), which amino acid becomes conditionally essential?
tyrosine
Which of the following provides about one-third of the daily Adequate Intake (AI) of fiber for women?
1/2 cup of cooked lentils
of the 20 amino acids used by the human body, how many are considered nonessential?
11
How many grams of carbohydrate per day are recommended for adults 19 years of age and older?
130 grams
A desirable total blood cholesterol level, associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, is less than...
200 mg/dL
The front of a box of chocolate cookies claims that they are "low-fat." If Gabriel eats one serving (two cookies), he will likely consume about...
3 grams or less of fat
Carlos is a healthy but sedentary college student. He weighs 175 pounds. About how many grams of protein should he consume each day?
64 grams 175 / 2.2 = x 0.8 = 64
Up to what percentage of a person's total energy intake should carbohydrates provide, based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?
65%
the primary energy source used by the body during intense exercise is...
Carbohydrates
The condition in which infected pockets form on the wall of the large intestine is known as...
Diverticulosis
which of the following organs does not assist in the digestion of lipids?
Esophagus
T/F: Type 1 Diabetes is most common type of diabetes
False
what is true about trans fatty acids?
Foods with a Nutrition Facts panel claiming "zero" trans fats per serving may actually contain trans fats.
Which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis?
a diet that contains insufficient carbohydrates
which of the following is not a component of an amino acid molecule? -fatty acid group -an acid group -a central carbon -an amine group
a fatty acid group
The damage to the walls of large blood vessels caused by untreated diabetes is known as...
a macrovascular complication
which of the following food items would contain the highest amount of saturated fat? -a cup of skim milk -a tablespoon of melted butter -a cup of raw baby spinach -a tablespoon of canola oil
a tablespoon of melted butter
which of the following individuals is most likely to be in positive nitrogen balance?
a women who is six months pregnant
what protein is critical to the body's defense against bacteria and viruses?
antibodies
How much trans fat is recommended in the diet?
as little as possible
Medium-chain fatty acids are how many carbon atoms in length?
at least 6
which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease? -being overweight -family history -age -gender
being overweight
to facilitate the digestion of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases a substance known as...
bile
In the process of emulsification of triglycerides...
bile salts separate large fat droplets into smaller droplets.
ketoacidosis can result in...
coma and death
starch, glycogen, and dietary fiber are examples of...
complex carbohydrates
a complete proteins...
contain all 9 essential amino acids
The thickening of the blood vessels in the kidney caused by unchecked diabetes is a type of...
microvascular complication
The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called...
mutual supplementation
People with diabetes have a high rate of toe, foot, and lower-leg amputations because of...
neuropathy and reduced circulation
What element present in protein is NOT present in carbohydrate or fat?
nitrogen
which of the following foods are the best sources of monounsaturated fatty acids? -coconut and palm oils -butter and beef -olive oil and cashew nuts -chicken and whole milk
olive oil and cashew nuts
What condition is not associated with untreated diabetes?
osteoporosis
Why are phospholipids NOT classified as essential nutrients?
our bodies manufacture phospholipids
which if the following is a rich source of linoleic acid? peanut oil salmon flaxseeds a baked potato
peanut oil
A key component(s) of the cell membrane are...
phospholipids
When two or more tests of fasting plasma glucose fall within the values 100-125 mg/dL, the individual will likely be diagnosed with
prediabetes
The enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine are...
proteases
Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body? -synthesis of hormones -maintaining fluid balance -providing energy to the blood cells and brain -growth and maintenance of new tissue
providing energy to the blood cells and brain
a triglyceride is composed of...
three fatty acids and one glycerol
Which of the following is a symptom of type 2 diabetes? -tingling in the hands or feet -oily skin -loss of appetite -pain or burning on urination
tingling in the hands or feet
The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called...
transamination
The process in which messenger RNA (mRNA) copies genetic information from DNA before carrying it to the ribosome is called...
transcription
what is true about type 1 diabetes?
treatment always involves insulin therapy
T/F Hypertension can be a sign of underlying atherosclerosis.
true
T/F. A child with marasmus is in negative nitrogen balance.
true
T/F. A glucometer is a device for measuring blood glucose levels
true
T/F. A serving of quinoa has more filer than a slice of whole-wheat bread.
true
T/F. Alkalosis is a condition in which the pH of the blood becomes too basic.
true
T/F. Americans consume adequate amounts of linoleic acid but not enough ALA, EPA, or DHA.
true
T/F. Currently insulin therapy is the only treatment for type 1 diabetes.
true
T/F. Diets high in added sugars are associated with tooth decay and gum disease
true
T/F. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions without being physically altered.
true
T/F. Fatty streaks in blood vessels indicate the presence of atherosclerosis.
true
T/F. Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy.
true
T/F. Glycogen is NOT a good source of dietary carbohydrate.
true
T/F. High-density lipoproteins circulate in the bloodstream, picking up cholesterol from arterial plaques and dying cells and dropping it off at the liver for recycling
true
T/F. High-density lipoproteins contain a higher percentage of protein than do low-density lipoproteins
true
T/F. If the label on a package of refrigerator rolls indicates that the product contains partially hydrogenated oils, it will almost assuredly contain trans fats.
true
T/F. Impaired fasting glucose is also known as prediabetes.
true
T/F. Most processed foods today contain only small amounts of trans fatty acids because of a mandate by the FDA.
true
T/F. Obesity increases the risk for inflammation, and inflammation increases the risk for cardiovascular disease.
true
T/F. Peptide bonds are chemical bonds in which the amine group of one amino acid binds to the acid group of another amino acid.
true
T/F. Primary or essential hypertension, accounting for approximately 45-55% of people, is hereditary
true
Which of the following is NOT a health problem related to eating too much sugar? -increased risk for cardiovascular disease -unexplained weight loss -increased risk for diabetes -tooth decay
unexplained weight loss
Two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. What is released as a by-product of this process?
water