Exam 2 Quizzes (MindTap and D2L)
Which of the following is a way in which drugs are excreted from the body?
- directly in the feces - in liver bile - in mother's milk - through the lungs
A drug will be measured for five commonly known effects across three doses. How many dose-effect curves will be produced during this research?
5
Which of the following is not true of drug expectancies?
Alcohol's effect on motor skills is not impacted by expectancies
___________ is a self-help group for alcohol abusers that was founded by DR. Bob and Bill W.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
Which of the following is a common site for intramuscular drug injection?
All of these are correct * buttocks * deltoid * thigh
Which of the following drugs is commonly snorted?
All of these are correct * cocaine * heroin * tabacco
Which of the following is a method used to administer barbituates?
All of these are correct * oral * rectal * subcutaneous * intramuscular
Which of the following is thought to contribute to drug expectancies?
All of these are correct * past use of a drug * advertising * friends' use of a drug * television
Which of the following is not a way in which drugs are excreted from the body?
All of these are ways in which drugs are excreted * directly in the feces * in liver bile * in mother's milk * through the lungs
________ is a term that refers to the diminished effect of a drug when another drug is present.
Antagonism
If an individual learns to compensate for his or her drunkenness by walking more slowly, this would be an example of ________ tolerance.
Behavioral
Which of the following is an example of an inhalant?
Benzene
The treatment most clearly implied from the ______ model is to advise at-risk people of their risk for developing a substance use disorder and perhaps to counsel them to avoid alcohol or drugs.
Biological
According to cell adaptation theory, the cells of the _______ become adapted to the presence of a drug with repeated exposure to it.
Central nervous system
Which of the following accurately describes the influence that age has on drug effects?
Children and the elderly are more susceptible to a drug's effects.
Drinking large quantities of water would be an example of an attempt to alter the results of a drug test by ________
Dilution
___________ refers to an increase in the rate of the metabolism of a drug, so that the user must consume greater quantities of it in order to maintain a certain level of the drug in his or her body.
Dispositional tolerance
__________ refers to the experimental method in which neither the experimenter nor the subject knows which experimental condition the subject is in.
Double blind
____________ refers to the experimental method in which neither the experimenter nor the subject knows which experimental condition the subject is in.
Double blind
_______ Studies allow behavioral pharmacologists to classify experimental drugs according to their subjective effects even before they have been administered to people
Drug discrimination
__________ studies allow behavioral pharmacologists to classify experimental drugs according to their subjective effects even before they have been administered to people.
Drug discrimination
Which of the following terms best reflects a person who is addicted to meth and has an anxiety disorder?
Dual-diagnosis
True or False: According to the Stress Response Dampening model, individuals who have had a stressful drug or alcohol experience are less likely to abuse drugs or alcohol.
False
True or False: Because a heavier person has more blood and other body fluids than a lighter person, the same drug dose has more of an effect on the heavier person.
False
True or False: Due to drug expectancy, everyone has the same initial sensitivity when taking a particular drug.
False
True or False: In order to be cost effective, a person with a substance use disorder must remain in outpatient treatment for at least three months.
False
True or False: In the United States, the Drug Enforcement Administration sets the guidelines regulating new drug development.
False
True or False: Marijuana has a half-life of up to several weeks.
False
True or False: Once a particular tolerance level is reached, it is irreversible.
False
True or False: The American Medical Association prefers that their customers use brand-name drugs rather than generic drugs because the brand-name drugs are more rigorously tested.
False
True or false: The safest of the three methods of injecting drugs is the intravenous method.
False
Discussion related to drug elimination often refer to a unit of measurement known as _______.
Half- life
Which of the following is true regarding a drug's generic name?
It is a shortened version of a drug's chemical name.
_________ is an increase in the frequency of a behavior when it results in avoidance of or escape from something.
Negative reinforcement
___________ is an increase in the frequency of a behavior when it results in avoidance of or escape from something.
Negative reinforcement
Which route of drug administration is considered the best overall?
None
Narcotics Anonymous evolved with a concentration on ________
Opiates
How do pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics compare?
Pharmacokinetics examines the movement of drugs through the body, and pharmacodynamics examines the effects of drugs on the body.
What is the relationship between efficacy and potency of a drug?
Potency is the lowest dose of a drug that achieves maximum effect.
_________ reflects the amount of latitude there is in a drug dose before a stronger effect is reached.
Slope
Which of the following best reflects subcutaneous injects and absorption rate?
Slow and constant
The fact that oil and water are not easily mixed is an example of which concept?
Soulubility
More people resolve their substance abuse problems through ___________ than any other way.
Spontaneous remission
Which of the following is the easiest drug injection route to use?
Subcutaneous
what can be concluded from the results of the 1993 Concorde study?
The clinical trails process will continue to take a substantial period of time.
What would happen if a researcher accidentally discovered that eating the petals of a certain flower could cure the common cold in six hours?
The flowers would be subjected to testing on animals.
Why is it difficult to assess the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous?
The members are anonymous
Which of the following is true of generic drugs?
They can be sold after a brand name drug has been on the market for 20 years
True or False: Intravenous drug use is an important risk factor for AIDS?
True
True or False: Temposil is an alcohol-sensitizing drug that is not available in the United States
True
True or False: The amount of time that marijuana can be detected in the body depends upon whether use is acute or chronic.
True
True or False: The set of ethical guidelines for biomedical research is known as the Nuremburg code.
True
True or False: Tolerance may develop to some effects of a drub, but not others.
True
True or False: Urine is a common source of biomarkers analyzed in drug testing.
True
True or false: Therapeutic index is a term referring to a drug's utility in medical care and is computed as a ratio LD 50/ED 50.
True
Which of the following conditions lead to more rapid drug absorption?
When there is more blood flow at the site of absorption
In a research experiment testing the effect of a newly synthesized drug, what will the control group receive?
a pill with a 50-mg inert substance
In a research experiment testing the effect of a newly synthesized drug, what will the control group recieve?
a pill with a 50-mg inert substance
According to the Stress Response Dampening model, people who are ________ are more likely to be sensitive to alcohol's stress-reducing effects.
aggressive
According to the Stress Response Dampening model, people who are __________ are more likely to be sensitive to alcohol's stress-reducing effects.
aggressive
A person who receives detoxification treatment is undergoing a primarily _______ process.
biological
A specified dose of a drug administered to a man and a woman on average will have a greater effect on the woman. This is because of the differences in _____.
body fat
A drug's __________ name indicates the drug's structural formula.
chemical
A relapse prevention counselor working with a recovering alcoholic shows the client images of happy people drinking cocktails at a party and has her hold onto an empty beer bottle. This approach may be effective in preventing relapse, but the counselor isn't considering the
client's environment
In research, ______ means to be able to account for variables that may affect the results of a study.
control
A drug is ___________ when it changes from solid to liquid after being mixed with a liquid.
dissolved
The effect of a drug depends most fundamentally on __________.
dosage
Which of the following factors distinguishes acute tolerance from protracted tolerance?
dose
Which of the following is most rapidly absorbed?
drugs taken in water solution
In order to be cost effective, a person with a substance use disorder must remain in outpatient treatment for at least 3 months.
false
True or False: Research subjects who drank in the company of others were more likely to report about physical changes related to drinking than were subjects who drank alone.
false
True or false: The transdermal route of drug administration is an effective one for most drugs.
false
When, in a series of events, what happens in a later event alters those preceding it, it is known as a _____________ relationship.
feedback
Discussions related to drug elimination often refer to a unit of measurement known as __________.
half-life
What is one advantage of using LAAM to treat heroin addicts over using methadone?
higher compliance
What is one of the advantages of using LAAM to treat heroin addicts over using methadone?
higher compliance
_______ means a state of equilibrium or balance.
homeostasis
Which term best reflects the concept of addictive personality?
idea
Which term best reflects the role the personality plays in developing an addiction?
interactive
How would you administer a drug if you wanted to avoid all natural barriers that can slow absorption?
intravenously
A common street term for injecting a drug intravenously is __________.
mainlining
From the perspective of models of substance abuse, people have the most power under the _____ model and the least power under the _____ model.
moral; American disease
Which of the following systems does not receive major portions of a drug rapidly due to a high volume of drug flow?
muscles
A drug that is administered transdermally _______________.
passes through the skin
Which of the following is a metaphor for diffusibility in the context of drugs?
passing liquid through oilcloth or through lace
______ is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
pharmacodynamics
Which term best reflects overall activities intended to treat substance use disorders?
planned
Which of the following drug states is not suitable for administration via inhalation?
powder
If an individual needs to drink 6 beers in order to achieve the same effect that he/she used to experience with 3 beers, this is an example of __________.
protracted tolerance
Which of the following is a key distinguishing factor between self-help groups and therapy groups run by a trained counselor?
reciprocity
According to behavioral pharmacology, the idea that "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" may be valid for drug use to the absence of ________.
reinforcement
A _______ is a consequence of a behavior that increases the likelihood that it will occur in the future.
reinforcer
A person who feels stronger effects from a drug with repeated use is experiencing _________.
reverse tolerance
When drugs are swallowed, they pass through the stomach and are absorbed in the __________.
small intestine
Which of the following is NOT true of AA?
the program is only appropriate for those who accept Western religious beliefs
Which of the following is NOT considered a key factor in a person's ability to overcome substance abuse?
therapy
According to the disease model of alcohol use disorder, complete abstinence from alcohol should be the only valid goal of treatment.
true
In inpatient settings for substance abuse, the organization of patient care is similar to that given to people hospitalized for physical problems.
true
T/F When a drug is fat soluble, sniffing is a rapid and effective way to absorb it.
true
True or False: Alcohol is considered a zero-order kinetic drug.
true
