Exam 2

"How much do I value the rewards I receive?" This question addresses

our valance.

Allen makes suggestions to his boss about how the department's performance can improve. Although his boss always compliments his ideas, he never acts on them. Allen then stops making suggestions. This is an example of

extinction.

Organizations typically rely on __________ schedules, such as hourly wages and annual reviews and raises.

fixed interval and fixed ratio

Which of the following is not a characteristic of high-performing teams?

focusing on group dynamics

During group meetings, Patty feels that everyone should have their say whenever the group makes an important decision. She makes sure that every group member gets the chance to put forth his or her own ideas during the meeting. Which of the following maintenance roles is Patty performing?

gatekeeper

In which stage of the group development process do group members resolve their power struggles so that something can be accomplished?

norming

Lana is frustrated with her OB project group. She frequently asks: "What's the problem with our group? We don't seem to be getting anywhere." This is a(n) ____ function.

task

Which of the following actions does not foster employee positivity?

Focus only on providing positive feedback.

Which of the following statements about goals and goal setting is not true?

Goals should be set at a level just beyond reachable "stretch" goals.

__________ states that motivation is a function of five basic needs that are met sequentially.

Maslow's need hierarchy theory

Negative feedback can have a positive motivational effect.

True

In a self-managed team

leadership responsibilities often shift as members step up.

Tamara has been putting in a lot of overtime. Her supervisor keeps telling her that she will be rewarded. To date, Tamara has seen no change in her status or pay. This reflects a

low instrumentality.

Reyna is meeting with her supervisor to discuss a project. Someone knocks on the door and walks in, saying, "I have a quick question." The supervisor keeps looking at Reyna and puts her hand up to stop the person who interrupted them. This behavior reflects

mindfulness.

An example of a(n) _____ goal is when Melissa's manager sets a goal for her to produce 16 widgets per hour.

objective

Flourishing represents the extent to which our lives contain PERMA—

positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement.

Denise sets a goal of completing the literature review portion of her research paper by Sunday night. This is a(n) ________ goal.

project

Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor?

recognition

A commentator will record and comment on group processes/dynamics, while a(n) _____ will evaluate the quality of group processes.

standard setter

Carol takes over as CEO of Sandstorm Jeans, a company on the verge of bankruptcy. She institutes radical changes and eliminates 35 percent of the positions. Even after this, the remaining employees resist her ideas. This represent the ____ stage; it is a time of testing.

storming

Jenna and Martin complete their part of Project Zenith. Their progress is best measured against _____ goals.

task

Teams are task groups that have matured to the _____ stage.

performing

Mari has been out of work for eight months and is worried about providing for her family. She takes a job at a fast-food restaurant, even though the position is a step down from her previous job. According to Maslow's theory, Mari is motivated by ____ needs.

physiological

In Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, _______ is the lowest level and __________ is the highest level.

physiological; self-actualization

Mary is happy to work in a company that fosters great relationships. In particular, Mary is impressed with the level of communication on the group and team level as well as throughout the organization. Overall, her company offers a(n)

positive climate.

During a group meeting, Nadia comments, _____. She is performing a maintenance role.

"Let's accept and praise the various points of view."

Organizations should work to discourage positive deviance in the workplace.

False

_____ creates positivity from situation factors.

Organization climate

People who have a high need for affiliation make the best managers.

False

Performance management involves monitoring, measuring, and evaluating, but does not include providing consequences for employees' performance.

False

To achieve a climate encouraging positive OB, an organization must foster a specific set of organizational values, organizational practices, and transformational leadership.

False

______ is information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation.

Feedback

________ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior.

Group roles and norms

Which of the following statements about mindfulness is false?

Mindfulness requires less effort than letting our minds wander.

____________ is defined as employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures and routines:

Organizational climate

Which of the following situations does not reflect mindfulness?

Pat is biking to school when someone cuts her off and causes her to fall. She gets up and starts kicking her bicycle.

Kelly is a successful attorney specializing in corporate law. While it has nothing to do with her field of employment, Kelly has always been interested in the history of religion. Using what little free time she has, she decided to take a course in comparative religion at the local university. She thinks that the course would be interesting and enjoyable. Kelly is not pursuing a degree in the subject, nor is she taking the class for a grade. What can you say about Kelly's motivation for taking the class?

She is intrinsically motivated.

On the first day of class, Professor Simmons explains what the goals of the course are and what he expects of his students. This represents ______ of effective performance management.

Step 1, Defining Performance,

Papa Bill's, a local pizza chain, institutes a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas. Drivers are paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable at the next pay period. However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected?

The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior.

At Cornet Company, employees and teams had higher performance, greater job satisfaction, and increased organizational commitment when their managers showed ________ behaviors.

Theory Y

Employees who flourish report less stress and more organizational commitment and job satisfaction. They perform better, and are absent less, than employees who don't flourish.

True

People with high levels of positive psychological capital have high levels of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism.

True

Research does not support the two-factor aspect of Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory.

True

Stephen is a new insurance agent with an established company. He is nervous at the idea of making cold calls on the telephone to prospective clients. After thinking through the problem, Stephen decides to ask his supervisor if he can host a small introductory meeting, inviting local business in for coffee and cake to introduce himself. Stephen is exhibiting a high level of hope.

True

Teams are a cornerstone of work life in today's organizations.

True

Trust of character is known as contractual trust.

True

____ is the need to have a goal and the determination to achieve it.

Willpower

Strategies to increase positive experiences include all of the following except

accept negative thoughts.

Manuel wanted friendly and close interpersonal relationships with his colleagues. According to McClelland's need theory, this desire is known as a need for

affiliation.

Negative emotions

are limiting.

Janelle filled out a peer evaluation rating form for her teammates in her OB class. She rated everyone as a "3" or "4" on the 6-point scale. This is an example of ___________ perceptual error.

central tendency

The three key elements of equity theory are outputs, inputs, and a(n)

comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs.

Morgan, who has been a salesperson for six months, receives a review that she feels is unfair. Her manager just completed Samuel's review yesterday. Samuel has been a top salesperson for four years. It's likely that her manager has committed a _______ perceptual error.

contrast effects

Meghan is a member of a group that raises money for a homeless shelter. She feels that the group spends too much time arguing the merits of different fundraisers and needs to make a decision. She calls for a vote at today's meeting. Meghan has taken on the role of

energizer.

The need for prestige and reputation is part of the need for

esteem.

Susan, a management major, is taking an overload of classes this term. On a team project in one of her classes, one of her teammates sees how busy she is and does the final proofreading of the team project for her. Susan is most likely feeling

gratitude.

Carolyn is a very likable employee. Recently, her boss rated her at the highest level in all areas of performance, even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment. This is an example of a ___________ perceptual error.

halo

_____ is not one of the components of well-being.

Productivity

Kelly is a member of the community service group of her sorority. Traditionally, they pick a charity and run one fundraiser. Kelly suggests a new approach. In addition to the charity work, she wants to establish a new goal—that the members mentor inner city children. Kelly is acting as

initiator.

Eileen signed up for a photography class after having seen some spectacular wildlife art pictures done by a local artist. She is most likely experiencing

interest.

Josh runs into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. Yesterday, he left home earlier than usual and did not run into heavy traffic. Again, today, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. In which of the following processes did Josh engage?

negative reinforcement

Of the following, which is the most closely aligned with employees' perceptions of distributive justice?

organizational commitment

Sarah and Bill were recently hired at the local manufacturing plant. Before being hired, they were interviewed by the team members with whom they were going to work. The team contained members from various areas of the manufacturing process. As part of the training process, Sarah and Bill met the other team members a number of times, and learned how to perform several administrative tasks, including scheduling work assignments for the team. Sarah and Bill's new team is an example of a(n) ______ team.

self-managed

Leanne is promoted to manager of XYX Furniture Store. George also applied for the position. He confronts Leanne, claiming that she is undeserving of the position and only got it because she was a woman. Leanne explains that she has 10 years of pervious experience in other stores. Leanne is exhibiting

temperance.

In _________ job design, managers change employees' tasks with the intent of increasing motivation and productivity.

top-down