Exam 3

Peroxisomes A.) Are not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum B.) are bounded by double membranes C.) possess amylase activity D.) possess acid phosphatase activity E.) all of the above

A.) Are not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum

You are isolating cell fractions using a variety of centrifuge techniques. You have two very similar fractions but at this point are unable to discern which fraction is peroxisomes and which is lysosomes. As a result, you need to test the fractions for unique enzyme activities. If you are looking for peroxisomes, one enzyme activity you can test for is ____. A.) Catalase B.) ATPase C.) Hexokinase D.) Cytochrome c oxidase E.) Glucose-6-phosphate

A.) Catalase

Which of the following molecules stabilizes the cell membrane during coated pit formation? A.) Clathrin B.) Botulinum Toxin C.) KDEL Signals D.) Stabilin E.) Mannose-6-phosphate

A.) Clathrin

In eukaryotes, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA ____. A.) In the mitochondrial matrix B.) When passing the mitochondrial cristae C.) when passing through the mitochondrial outer membrane D.) in the cellular cytosol E.) in the intermembrane space

A.) In the mitochondrial matrix

Which of the following would not be used as a final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration? A.) Oxygen B.) Sulfur C.) Protons D.) Nitrogen E.) Iron

A.) Oxygen

Plastoquinol transfers electrons from A.) Photosystem II to Photosystem I B.) Cytochrome b6/f complex to coenzyme Q C.) Cytochrome b6/f to plastiquinone D.) Light harvesting complex II to Photosystem I E.) Water to Photosystem II

A.) Photosystem II to Photosystem I

Uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) occurs by A.) Receptor-mediated endocytosis B.) Bulk-phase endocytosis C.) Pinocytosis D.) Facilitated Transport E.) Simple Diffusion

A.) Receptor-mediated endocytosis

In a lysosomal storage disease, the hydrolases of lysosomes are released from the cells, rather than being isolated into vesicles. What is one possible mechanism for this result? A.) There is a lack of mannose-6-phosphate activity B.) Lysosomal enzymes were not phosphorylated in the ER C.) A proton gradient within vesicles was not generated D.) There is a mutation in all hydrolase genes that results in loss of the signal peptide E.) The ER was unable to produce lysosomal vesicles

A.) There is a lack of mannose-6-phosphate activity

Both the phosphorylation of intermediates and the formation of ATP in glycolysis are examples of _____. A.) substrate-level phosphorylation B.) oxidative phosphorylation C.) aerobic phosphorylation D.) product-level phosphorylation E.) anabolic phosphorylation

A.) substrate-level phosphorylation

You are working with cells and observe transport of your target protein within a cell. You suspect that sorting conforms to the SNARE hypothesis. You, therefore, expect A.) to eventually identify vesicle-SNAP receptors B.) to eventually identify transport-SNAP receptors C.) the protein molecules were internalized by phagocytosis D.) an association with clatherin-coated pits E.) All of the above

A.) to eventually identify vesicle-SNAP receptors

In prokaryotes, aerobic respiration generates _____ ATP molecules. A.) 0 B.) 38 C.) 15 D.) 2 E.) 42

B.) 38

Three hypothetical phosphorylated compounds (A,B, and C) are involved in energy metabolism. Standard free energies of hydrolysis for A=13.1 kcal/mol, for B=-2.7 kcal/mol, and for C=6.7kcal/mol. What is the sequence in which these molecules could most exergonically phosphorylate? A.) C, A, B B.) A, C, B C.) B, C, A D.) A, B, C E.) C, B, A

B.) A, C, B

Which of the following is not a product of the TCA cycle? A.) FADH2 B.) Acetyl CoA C.) ATP D.) NADH E.) CO2

B.) Acetyl CoA

In a chloroplast, the stroma is the A.) Region between the inner and outer membranes B.) Central semifluid region C.) Cytochromes associated with thylakoids D.) Connection between the grana E.) Stack of thykaloids

B.) Central semifluid region

According to your text, in which of the following steps of the TCA cycle is NADH/FADH2 not produced? A.) Alpha-ketoglutarate to Succinyl CoA B.) Citrate to Isocitrate C.) Malate to Oxaloacetate D.) Succinate to Fumarate E.) Isocitrate to Alpha-ketoglutarate

B.) Citrate to Isocitrate

In electron transport, which respiratory complex is not involved in the flow of electrons from NADH? A.) Complex I B.) Complex II C.) Complex III D.) Complex IV E.) All of the above

B.) Complex II

What is the advantage to having various types of chlorophylls and accessory pigments for the photosynthetic process? A.) It shifts the equilibrium of photosynthesis toward the formation of products B.) It allows for light in many wavelengths to be utilized for photosynthesis C.) It allows light to be harvested specifically in a step-side manner D.) It allows for a variation in color amongst plants E.) Both choices C and D are correct

B.) It allows for light in many wavelengths to be utilized for photosynthesis

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+/NADH in glycolysis? A.) NADH is capable of pumping ions during glycolysis B.) NAD+ is used to carry electrons C.) NADH is used to produce energy by directly creating the phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP D.) NADH is used primarily in substrate-level phosphorylation E.) all of the above

B.) NAD+ is used to carry electrons

In the Calvin Cycle, the enzyme that catalyzes the capture of carbon dioxide and the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate is A.) Phosphoglycerokinase B.) Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) C.) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase D.) Triose phosphate isomerase E.) Phosphoribulokinase

B.) Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco)

Carbon Dioxide enters the plant through pores called A.) Mesophyll B.) Stomata C.) The Cuticle D.) Connexons E.) Bacteriochlorophylls

B.) Stomata

During which of the following steps of the TCA cycle does substrate-level phosphorylation take place? A.) Citrate to Isocitrate B.) Succinyl CoA to Succinate C.) Isocitrate to Alpha-ketoglutarate D.) Alpha-ketoglutarate to Succinyl CoA E.) Succinate to Fumarate

B.) Succinyl CoA to Succinate

Which of the following is not a product of fermentation? A.) CO2 B.) Sucrose C.) Ethanol D.) NAD+ E.) Lactate

B.) Sucrose

Oxidation in biological systems is usually accompanied by A.) Resonance stabilization B.) dehydrogenation C.) repulsion D.) hydrogenation E.) all of the above

B.) dehydrogenation

Which two trioses phosphate are produced during the Calvin cycle and are the starting points for starch and sucrose synthesis? A.) ribulose-1,5-biphosphate and glycerol phosphate B.) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate C.) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glycerate-1,3-biphosphate D.) 3-phosphoglycerate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate E.) 3-phosphoglycerate and ribulose-1,5-biphosphate

B.) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Which three organelles are involved in the glycolate pathway? A.) mitochondrion, nucleus, lysosome B.) peroxisome, chloroplast, mitochonrion C.) peroxisome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast D.) lysosome, chloroplast, rough endoplasmic reticulum E.) Golgi complex, peroxisome, lysosome

B.) peroxisome, chloroplast, mitochonrion

The plants referred to as C3 and C4 plants get this designation based on the number of carbons in the first detectable product of carbon dioxide fixation. The C3 product is _____, whereas the C4 product is _____. A.) ribose; phosphoenolpyruvate B.) 3-phosphoglycerate; malate C.) 3-phosphoglycerate; oxaloacetate D.) triose phosphate; oxaloacetate E.) glycerol; malate

C.) 3-phosphoglycerate; oxaloacetate

The gross output of ATP from glycolysis is ______, whereas the net output of ATP is _______. A.) 4;1 B.) 2;1 C.) 4;2 D.) 6;4 E.) 2;4

C.) 4;2

The overall efficiency of aerobic respiration in eukaryotes is about ______. A.) 10% B.) 25% C.) 55% D.) 75% E.) 100%

C.) 55%

All of the following statements about cellular trafficking are true except A.) v-SNAREs occur in vesicles; t-SNARESs occur on target sites B.) Tethering proteins mediate docking between target and vesicle C.) COPI-coated vesicles move materials from Golgi to the secretory vesicle D.) COPII-coated vesicles move materials from ER to Golgi. E.) Movement may be mediated by microtubules

C.) COPI-coated vesicles move materials from Golgi to the secretory vesicle

A protein is destined to be secreted from a cell. In which of the following organelles would you expect to find the protein first? A.) Endosome B.) Lysosome C.) Golgi Apparatus D.) Secretory Vesicle

C.) Golgi Apparatus

Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by a unique enzyme known as A.) Transitionase system B.) Multiplex enzyme system C.) Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex D.) Pyruvate CoA transferase E.) Pyruvate decarboxylase

C.) Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

NADP+ is the coenzyme of choice in _____ reactions, while NAD+ is the coenzyme of choice in ____ reactions. A.) metabolic; anabolic B.) anabolic; both catabolic and anabolic C.) anabolic; catabolic D.) both catabolic and anabolic; catabolic E.) catabolic; anabolic

C.) anabolic; catabolic

Beta-Oxidation ____ A.) Is a process used to digest some polysaccharides B.) Occurs in the cytoplasm C.) is a process used to oxidize fatty acids D.) is the second step in the oxidation of glucose E.) Both choices B and C

C.) is a process used to oxidize fatty acids

During strenuous exercise, you may notice that your muscles burn. Which of the following statements best explains this phenomenon? A.) ADP is accumulating, which produces a burning sensation B.) Proteins are being digested to provide energy C.) without oxygen, pyruvate is being converted to lactic acid D.) carbon dioxide is building up in muscle and changing the pH E.) pyruvic acid causes muscle pain

C.) without oxygen, pyruvate is being converted to lactic acid

How many enzymatic steps are involved in converting glucose to pyruvate? A.) 3 B.) 6 C.) 8 D.) 10 E.) 12

D.) 10

At which enzymatic step of glycolysis is water a product? A.) 3 B.) 5 C.) 6 D.) 9 E.) 10

D.) 9

The enzyme used to break down fructose-1,6-biphosphate into two trioses is called A.) Phosphoglucoisomerase B.) Enolase C.) Hexokinase D.) Aldolase E.) Triose phosphate isomerase

D.) Aldolase

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is regulated by all of the following except A.) NADH B.) Acetyl CoA C.) AMP D.) CO2 E.) ATP

D.) CO2

Which of the numbered respiratory complexes is not correctly paired with its name? A.) Complex I: NADH dehydrogenase complex B.) Complex II: Succinate-Coenzyme Q oxidoreductase complex C.) Complex III: Coenzyme Q-Cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex D.) Complex IV: Cytochrome c reductase complex E.) none of the above

D.) Complex IV: Cytochrome c reductase complex

Which of the following processes is associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane? A.) Metabolic Transport B.) ATP Synthesis C.) Transcription D.) Phospholipid Synthesis E.) Beta Oxidation of Fats

D.) Phospholipid Synthesis

Plastocyanin (PC) A.) Is a mobile electron carrier B.) is also called plastoquinol C.) carries only a single electron at a time D.) both choices A and C E.) Choices A, B, and C.

D.) both choices A and C

The negatively charged phosphates of ATP influence one another by A.) relative hydration B.) dehydrogenation C.) resonance hybridization D.) charge repulsion E.) all of the above

D.) charge repulsion

In glycolysis, which of the following molecules is oxidized to form 1,3-biphosphoglycerate? A.) 2-phosphoglycerate B.) glucose C.) glucose-6-phosphate D.) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate E.) 3-phosphoglycerate

D.) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Calvin cycle? A.) In this process, carbon dioxide is reduced to organic sugars B.) It occurs in the chloroplast stroma C.) The Calvin Cycle is a means of carbon fixation D.) It is a carbon assimilation process E.) All of the above.

E.) All of the above.

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate by a cell is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. A.) Anabolic B.) Aerobic C.) Amphibolic D.) Synthesis E.) Catabolic

E.) Catabolic

A Phosphoanhydride Bond A.) Has a standard free energy of hydrolysis of -7.3 kcal/mol B.) Is a high-energy bond C.) Is broken by hydrolysis D.) Both Choices A and B E.) Choices A, B, C

E.) Choices A, B, C

During receptor-mediated endocytosis, the ultimate fate of the vesicle and/or its contents include(s) A.) transport to late endosome for digestion B.) recycling of receptors C.) transcytosis D.) only choices B and C E.) Choices A, B, and C

E.) Choices A, B, and C

When utilizing fats as an energy source, the glycerol portion enters the_____ when it has been converted to ______. A.) Glycolysis; fructose-6-phosphate B.) TCA cycle; Pyruvate C.) Electron Transport System; CoQ D.) TCA cycle; acetyl CoA E.) Glycolysis; dihydroxyacetone phosphate

E.) Glycolysis; dihydroxyacetone phosphate

The TCA cycle and glyoxylate cycle are similar in many respects. Which of the following statement accurately describes these cycles? A.) The TCA and glyoxylate cycles both occur in the mitochondrion B.) The glyoxylate cycle only has a single decarboxylating reaction C.) The glyoxylate cycle is used by some organisms to synthesize proteins D.) Both cycles are catabolic in function E.) In the glyoxylate cycle, two acetyl CoA molecules are used to generate succinate.

E.) In the glyoxylate cycle, two acetyl CoA molecules are used to generate succinate.

Which of the following is true of NAD+? A.) It releases an adenosine to become NADH B.) It is derived from vitamin E C.) It represents the reduced form of Niacin D.) It serves as an electron source for biological oxidation E.) Is is a coenzyme

E.) Is is a coenzyme