Exam 3 Chapter 7

Ideology

A system of beliefs that justifies a particular social arrangement, such as slavery, is called ________. A) a constitution B) class consciousness C) a caste system D) an ideology

Core

Great Britain was one of the first nations in which industrial capitalism developed. According to world system theory, Great Britain would be a ________ nation. A) semi periphery B) periphery C) core D) Most Industrialized

Indentured servants Bonded Laborers

In colonial America, immigrants were transported to the new world "on credit" by the captain of the ship, who then sold their services to wealthy colonists who paid their passage. In return, these immigrants worked for a specified period of time and were known as ________ or ________. A) colonial slaves; domestic workers B) jati; untouchables C) indentured servants; bonded laborers D) probationers; manservants

Gender

In every society, from the hunting and gathering society to the postindustrial society, the most common basis for social stratification has been ________. A) race B) income C) education D) gender

Endogamy

In some societies, closely related members of the ruling class and the upper class marry to preserve their power and wealth within their families. This is a practice known as ________. A) ritual pollution B) apartheid C) endogamy D) indentured service

Agricultural Society

In which of the following societies might slavery most likely exist? A) the pastoral society B) the agricultural society C) the industrial society D) the hunting and gathering society

Social Class

India's caste system is slowly being replaced by a system marked by... A) slavery B) apartheid C) social class D) indentured service

Lower

Ken belongs to a church in which the worship services are highly expressive with spontaneous "Amens" and "Praise Jesus" outbursts accompanied by loud, inspirational organ music. Ken is most likely a member of the ________ class. A) capitalist B) upper-middle C) middle D) lower

Hindu Priest

Mahatma is a member of India's Brahman caste. What is Mahatma's most likely occupation? A) a general in the army B) a Hindu priest C) a skilled painter D) a water boy

Caucasian

Numerically, what is the race of the majority of the poor in the United States? A) Caucasian B) African American C) Latino D) Native American

Culture of Poverty

Some nations have traditionally been in poverty from one generation to the next, relying on tradition rather than experimenting with new technology that might improve their standard of living. This explanation for global stratification is called ________. A) culture of poverty B) world system theory C) dependency theory D) theory of undeveloped nations

Power

The ability to control others, even over their objections, is referred to as ________. A) prestige B) class C) status D) power

Social Stratification

The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige is referred to as ________. A) social stratification B) social networking C) the diversification of society D) multiculturalism

Horatio Alger

The much-publicized myths of the late 1800s that centered around the rags-to-riches exploits of fictional boy heroes and were perpetuated by author, ________. A) Horatio Alger B) Mark Twain C) Samuel Clemens D) George Orwell

Max Weber

The sociologist who believed that social class is made up of three components - property, power, and prestige - was ________. A) Max Weber B) Talcott Parsons C) Karl Marx D) Lewis Coser Jr.

Globalization of Capitalism

The spread of an economic system based on investing to make profits, which is becoming the world's dominant economic system, is referred to as ________. A) the globalization of capitalism B) the capitalization of the world economy C) the economic colonization D) the periphery of nations

Wealth Power Prestige

What are the three variables Max Weber identified as defining social class? A) ethnicity, race, sex B) wealth, power, prestige C) sex, power, education D) occupation, neighborhood, wealth

Workers would revolt and assume control

What did Karl Marx predict after workers were exploited year after year by the capitalist class? A) The capitalist society would synthesize into a classless society. B) A strong middle class would emerge. C) Workers would abandon their jobs, unionize, and gain the power to negotiate. D) Workers would revolt against the bourgeoisie and assume control.

Individuals are ranked high on one dimension of social class and low on other dimensions.

What does status inconsistency refer to in relation to social stratification? A) Individuals exhibit insecurity and inferiority when they are ranked low in prestige. B) Individuals fail to recognize the contradictions of class inequality and democratic values. C) Individuals are ranked high on one dimension of social class and low on other dimensions. D) Ranking in power, wealth, and prestige must be consistent for an individual to avoid negative consequences.

Religion

What is the basis of India's caste system? A) race B) religion C) ethnicity D) education

the greater the level of education, the fewer births to single women

What is the relationship between births to single women and their level of education? A) the greater the level of education, the more births to single women B) the lower the level of education, the fewer births to single women C) the greater the level of education, the fewer births to single women D) there is no relationship between the level of education and births to single women

Intergenerational Mobility

What is the upward or downward movement in social class by family members from one generation to the next? A) intergenerational mobility B) intragenerational mobility C) structural mobility D) exchange mobility

Power Elite

What term did C. Wright Mills used for those who make the big decisions in US society? A) the upper class B) the national security administration C) the power elite D) the capitalists

False Class Conciousness

What term would Karl Marx use for today's workers who mistakenly identify with the capitalists simply because they own a few shares of stock or work as managers of large corporations? A) class improvisation B) social solidarity C) social bond D) false class consciousness

To Exploit the annexed nations people and resources

What was the purpose of colonialism as it was practiced by the major European powers during eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries? A) to exploit the annexed nation's people and resources B) to establish a protectorate to preserve the annexed nation's freedom C) to form limited partnerships with the annexed nation D) to establish a new nation-state

Debt Crime War

What were the three major causes of slavery prior to life in the American colonies? A) gender, racism, and social class B) debt, crime, and war C) gender, politics, and ethnicity D) racism, religion, and gender

Property own and income acquired minus debts made by the person

When used by sociologists, the term "wealth" refers to ________. A) the property that a person owns B) the income made from a person's occupation C) the property owned and the income acquired minus debts made by the person D) the income after state and federal taxes have been withheld

WEB Du Bois

Which American sociologist described the years of American colonial slavery when he said that "gradually the entire white South became an armed camp to keep Negroes in slavery and to kill the black rebel"? A) Benjamin Quarles B) W. E. B. Du Bois C) Booker T. Washington D) George Washington Carver

World System Theory

Which concept explains the rise of global stratification as including core nations, semi periphery nations, periphery nations, and external areas? A) neocolonialism B) culture of poverty C) colonialism D) world system theory

Movement up and down the class ladder

Which of the following characteristics is most associated with the class system? A) class distinction for life based on ascription B) enforced norms of endogamy C) movement up and down the class ladder D) ownership of one group of people by another

One's occupational title is the greatest influence in determining social prestige.

Which of the following statements is most accurate with respect to determining social prestige in modern society? A) Social prestige is based primarily on the wealth one accumulates. B) One's occupational title is the greatest influence in determining social prestige. C) Together wealth and power are the determining factors of social prestige. D) Family lineage is the primary determinant of social prestige.

C Wright Mills

Which sociologist coined the term "the power elite"? A) C. Wright Mills B) Emile Durkheim C) Talcott Parsons D) Herbert Spencer

Max Weber and Emile Durkheim

Which two theorists concluded that the universality of stratification can be explained by the necessity to motivate the most qualified people to fill the most important and demanding positions in a society? A) Karl Marx and Frederick Engels B) Max Weber and Emile Durkheim C) Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore D) Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin

Assembly for export factories along the mexican border

Who or what are the maquiladoras? A) death squads that hunt and kill the beggar children of Brazil B) elite members of Mexico's newly emerging industrial capitalists C) assembly-for-export factories along the Mexican border D) Mexican migrant workers who cross the border to pick crops in the U.S.