Exam 3 Patho jeopardy

As part of maintaining homeostasis, why are hormones, secreted by endocrine cells, continuously inactivated?

Prevent accumulation

A nurse is teaching a client about the functions of the kidney. Which would be the most appropriate information for the nurse to provide? Select all that apply.

-Eliminates metabolic wastes -Regulates calcium and phosphorus conservation and elimination -Regulates blood pressure through the renin-aldosterone mechanism -Regulates pH of body fluids through reabsorption and conservation **ADH is secreted by the hypothalamus

The nurse caring for clients who have bladder cancer identifies which treatments to be acceptable for this cancer? Select all that apply.

-Surgical removal -Radiation therapy -Chemotherapy

A student nurse is taking a test on the endocrine system. From the list of clinical manifestations, she needs to select the ones she would see in hypothyroidism. Which answers should she select? Select all that apply.

-Weight gain despite loss of appetite -Coarse, brittle hair -Puffy face with swollen eyelids

Which client is displaying manifestations of having a kidney stone?

Acute onset of colicky flank pain radiating to lower abdomen

A 34-year-old woman presents with an abrupt onset of shaking chills, moderate to high fever, and a constant ache in her lower back. She is also experiencing dysuria, urinary frequency, and a feeling of urgency. Her partner states that she has been very tired the last few days and that she looked like she may have the flu. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Acute pyelonephritis

A client who is having problems with his bladder and kidneys is scheduled for a cystoscopy. He asks the nurse why he has to have the test. What would be the best response by the nurse?

"A cystoscopy enables direct visualization of the urethra, bladder, and ureteral orifices."

The nurse has just completed teaching a client, newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, about the treatment options. Which response by the client leads the nurse to conclude that additional teaching is needed?

"So I can stop my insulin if I start an exercise program."

Chronic kidney disease impacts many systems in the body. What is the most common hematologic disorder caused by CKD?

Anemia

Acute renal failure occurs at a high rate in seriously ill people who are in intensive care units. What is the most common indicator of acute renal failure?

Azotemia and a decrease in the GFR -azotemia= elevated levels of urea and nitrogen in the blood

The nurse is caring for a client who has hyperthyroidism. When evaluating the laboratory test results, which alteration does the nurse anticipate will be present?

Decrease in TSH

An adult with acromegaly presents with a very distinctive appearance. What is the distinctive feature in a person with acromegaly?

Broad, bulbous nose and a protruding lower jaw

Disruption of which muscle's contraction can lead to the inability to expel urine from the bladder?

Detrusor

What factor determines the classification of hormones into one of four categories?

Chemical structure

A client tells his health care provider that his body is changing. It used to be normal for his blood glucose to be higher during the latter part of the morning. However, now his fasting blood glucose level is elevated in the early AM (07:00). The health care provider recognizes the client may be experiencing:

Dawn phenomenon -SOMOgyi= SO MOch insulin -Dawn= Down insulin

Which pathophysiologic phenomenon may result in a diagnosis of Cushing disease?

Excess ACTH production by a pituitary tumor

The caregiver of an older adult client with dementia informs the nurse that her mother is voiding on her clothes and on the furniture and will tell the family when she has to void. The client has a negative urinalysis with no signs of urinary tract infection. Which type of incontinence will the nurse teach the caregiver about?

Functional incontinence -toileting every 2-4 hours to prevent accidents

The health care provider is reviewing laboratory results of a client. Select the diagnostic test that is considered the best measurement of overall kidney function.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Which client clinical manifestation most clearly suggests a need for diagnostic testing to rule out renal cell carcinoma?

Hematuria

Select the most appropriate statement that describes the function of hormones.

Hormones function as modulators of cellular and systematic responses.

A client has a dilated renal pelvis due to obstruction of urine outflow from the kidney. The pressure of filtrate formation is damaging the renal structures. Which condition is most likely?

Hydronephrosis

The iatrogenic form of Cushing syndrome is caused by:

Long-term cortisone therapy -iatrogenic= diseased caused by medical treatment or examination

The adult child of an older adult has noticed that the parent has become incontinent of urine for the first time. The client is diagnosed with transient urinary incontinence. To what is this condition most attributable in this population?

Medications

Which treatment regimen is most likely to result in stable blood glucose levels for a client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?

Monitor blood glucose levels throughout the day and administer exogenous insulin replacement as needed

The most common cause of thyrotoxicosis is Graves disease. When assessing this client, the nurse should put priority on which sign/symptom?

Ophthalmopathy -any eye disease

A client is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the emergency department. Which clinical manifestations will the client MOST likely exhibit?

Polyuria, polydipsia, vomiting, and fatigue

The nurse recognizes that acute renal injury is characterized by which of the following?

Rapid decline in renal function

The nurse recognizes the kidney can be considered an endocrine organ as it may exert which action?

Regulation of red blood cells through manufacture of erythropoietin

The kidney assists in blood pressure regulation by releasing which substance from the juxtaglomerular cells in response to decreased renal blood flow, causing efferent arteriole vasoconstriction?

Renin

Which blood test reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is used to estimate renal function?

Serum creatinine -Creatinine levels increase when the kidneys do not work, this is used to calculate the GFR

A client asks the nurse what causes the secretion of growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) to fluctuate. The best response by the nurse would be:

Sleep-wake cycles (diurnal)

A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with kidney colic but has yet passed the stone. Which interventions would the nurse emphasize when planning the care for this client?

Strain the urine -monitor pain -increase fluids

The nurse is caring for a client who has produced an average of 20 mL/hour for the previous day. The nurse recognizes this compares in which way to the normal urine output?

The kidneys should produce about 1.5 L of urine each day.

A 56-year-old woman has been diagnosed with CKD. She first went to the doctor due to complications of hypertension. How are hypertension and CKD related?

The mechanisms that produce hypertension in CKD include an increased vascular volume and increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

In contrast to the descending limb, the ascending limb of the loop of Henle does not let which substance pass through?

Water -the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water, results in dilute tubular filtrate

An obese adult has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The nurse knows that the most likely treatment plan for this client will include which topics?

Weight loss, glucose monitoring, and oral antihyperglycemic medications -Not all Type 2 diabetics need Insulin administration to manage their diabetes