exam 3 practice midterm

According to the evolutionary psychology approach to gender development:

organisms with the fittest genes are most likely to survive and reproduce

Paul, a ten-year-old, loses his temper and pushes his classmate off a swing. Paul's behavior best illustrates _____

overt aggression

When Eric was born, he had atypical genitals that were not exclusively male or female. The condition that Eric was born with can be referred to as

hermaphroditism

Erica, a thirty-year-old woman, has been in a relationship with Cassandra, another woman, for over three years. Erica has always been sexually attracted to members of the same sex and has dated two other women in the past. Erica's sexual orientation can best be described as _____

homosexuality

Many psychologists believe that:

intrinsic motivation leads to more positive outcomes than extrinsic motivation

Which of the following biological theories of aging emphasizes the role of telomeres?

. Cellular-clock theory

Nate begins to feel very thirsty during an annual sports meet in his college. Since he forgot to carry a bottle of water, Nate decides to go to the cafeteria to get some soda. Which of the following is responsible for urging Nate to walk toward the cafeteria to quench his thirst?

. Drive

Which of the following concepts best explains the need for a shoal of salmon to return one to four years after being at sea to the fresh waters where they were hatched?

. Instinct

The work of Harry Harlow established that:

. contact comfort is more important than feeding in the attachment process.

Erica is seen as a strong and assertive woman by all those who know her. Her friends believe that she will never get married, because she lives by herself and has a strong desire for independence. However, her friends do not know that Erica loves children and has a very nurturing attitude toward her nieces and nephews. Which of the following terms best describes Erica's gender-related attributes?

Androgynous

is a person's ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times.

B. Resilience

The ability to use abstract concepts is a key component of the _____ stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

B. formal operational

_____ is Piaget's term for the crucial accomplishment of understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched.

C. Object permanence

According to developmental psychologists, nature refers to:

C. an individual's biological inheritance.

Which of the following is true of fetishes?

Fetishes include erotic materials, clothing, and other physical objects

_____ refers to the social and psychological aspects of being male or female.

Gender

_____ is an individual's sense of belonging to the male or female sex

Gender identity

_____ reflect expectations for how males and females should think, act, and feel

Gender roles

_____ are glands that produce sex hormones and generate ova in females and sperm in males.

Gonads

Greta has had romantic relationships with both men and women in the past. Though she has a distinct sexual preference for men, Greta is still open to dating women. Which of the following statements best describes Greta's sexual orientation?

Greta is bisexual

Laura is a corporate employee. As she is interested in art, Laura enrolls herself for oil painting classes. During weekends, she attends the lessons and derives huge satisfaction from painting portraits in oil. Which of the following is responsible for stimulating Laura to paint?

Intrinsic motivation

. _____ is the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do, resulting in behavior that is energized, directed, and sustained.

Motivation

Which of the following sexual practices involves the highest risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

Oral sex ( stayyyyyyy pureeeeeee salmaaaaaaaa) ;)

_____ refer to psychological disorders that feature sexual desires or behaviors that may result in another person's psychological distress, injury, or death.

Paraphilic disorders

Which of the following regions of the brain is concerned with reasoning and decision making?

Prefrontal cortex

_____ refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding.

Temperament

Caleb, an infant, can be taken just about anywhere and seems to adapt quickly to new surroundings. According to Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, which of the following temperaments best describes him?

The easy child

Which of the following is an example of a low-arousal positive emotion?

Tranquility

Which of the following paraphilic disorders involves the observation of unsuspecting individuals, usually strangers, who are naked or in the process of disrobing or engaging in sexual activity?

Voyeuristic disorder

_____ is the psychological principle stating that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either low or high arousal.

Yerkes-Dodson law

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder:

that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation resulting in a distorted body image.

The term _____ refers to experiencing one's psychological gender as being different from one's biological sex

transgender

22. Which of the following best defines teratogen?

A. It is any agent that causes a birth defect.

Which of the following statements is true of the social cognitive approach to gender development?

According to this approach, gender behavior is learned through reward and punishment, observational learning, and modeling

If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation, they are unable to:

C. recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape.

Which of the following is a difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?

Cross-sectional studies assess people at one point in time, whereas longitudinal studies assess people over a long period of time.

In which of the following stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development does a child coordinate sensations with movements?

D. Sensorimotor

37. According to Piaget, accommodation refers to:

D. the adjustment of current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences.

Which of the following is an example of a high-arousal positive emotion?

Ecstasy

_____ refers to the weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight.

Set point

Jeremy claims that any man can become a great leader, because all men are strong, dominant, and rational. Jeremy's statement is most representative of _____.

a gender stereotype

Juliet refuses to go to the dance because she has a pimple on her chin. She fears that everyone will talk about it behind her back. Her behavior illustrates:

adolescent egocentrism

When Justin told his parents that he wanted to learn an extracurricular activity, his parent gave him the liberty to choose any activity of his choice. However, they restricted him from choosing dangerous sports like motor car racing. In this scenario, Justin's parents are following the _____ parenting style.

authoritative

Rachel is a young woman of medium build. On a professional level, she has very high standards but suffers from low confidence. Rachel often engages in impulsive eating. However, after eating, she purges by self-induced vomiting because she has a fear of gaining weight. Rachel is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.

bulimia nervosa

In the context of evolutionary psychology, _____ occurs among members of the same sex as they vie for the opportunity to mate with members of the opposite sex

competition

The act of putting off a pleasurable experience in the interest of some larger but later reward is known as _____

delay of gratification

Sarah has not eaten a morsel of food in 12 hours. Her body instantly develops a(n) _____ in response to her need for food.

drive

With regard to gay and lesbian relationships, research in psychology has found that:

gay couples are better able to manage conflicts compared to heterosexual couples

Jill's parents set very few limits or boundaries for her. They use a(n) _____ parenting style.

permissive

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the strongest human needs are:

physiological needs

The ways in which people experience and express themselves as sexual beings is referred to as _____.

sexuality