Exam 3 practice quiz

Babies generate their first words at around:

1 year

_____ means understanding and feeling what another person is feeling or would be expected to feel.

Empathy

Which of the following statements describes the current status of Freud's psychodynamic theory in psychological science?

It has been largely abandoned because most of Freud's ideas cannot be tested empirically.

Why is sensory-specific satiety adaptive?

It increases the likelihood that nutritional needs will be met.

Judith, a 2-year-old, is a participant in a research study on infant temperament. Which of the following characteristics will likely NOT be assessed in this study?

Judith's alertness on mental tasks

The Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion states that:

a situation evokes a physiological response that is followed by an emotion label

Infantile amnesia occurs until about what age?

about 3-4 years

Which emotion is an infant capable of expressing at birth?

all of these emotions (pain, joy, disgust)

Psychologists use the term personality primarily to refer to characteristics and behaviors that:

are relatively stable over time and circumstances

According to Piaget, in which learning process do we place a new experience into an existing schema?

assimilation

Separation anxiety appears in infants:

at 8 to 12 months of age

If you hold a pencil in your teeth, forcing you to raise the edges of your lips into a sort of smile, you will _____, as predicted by the _____.

begin to feel happy; facial feedback hypothesis

According to the biological theory of personality the _____ is the "go" system, whereas the _____ is the "stop" system.

behavioral approach system (BAS); behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

The current view is that a mental disorder is caused by:

biological and environmental factors

Children raised to follow group norms and to submit to those in authority are living in a(n) _____ culture.

collectivist

As described in the text, Harlow did an experiment with infant rhesus monkeys, requiring them to make a choice between an imitation mother that provided contact comfort or one that provided food. The results demonstrate that for this species:

contact comfort is more important than food, particularly during stress

Dementia is a condition characterized by:

deterioration of both behavior and cognitive abilities with age

Theories of motivation that are based on biological drives have trouble explaining why people engage in behaviors that:

do not satisfy biological needs

Michonne can be easily bored, so she seeks out situations that increase her excitement and arousal. She prefers "thrilling" activities to calm and safe ones. According to research presented in your textbook, a gene related to _____ regulation may be responsible for these tendencies.

dopamine

According to self-determination theory, _____ rewards may reduce _____ value.

extrinsic; intrinsic

Sarah and Joe are taking the same psychology class. Sarah wants to do well in the class because she is earning credit toward a general education requirement. Joe wants to do well because he loves the material. Sarah wants to do well because of _____ motivation, whereas Joe wants to do well because of _____ motivation.

extrinsic; intrinsic

Daryl was adopted as an infant in 1973. Daryl has an identical twin who was also adopted in 1973 but by a different family. As an adult, Jered's personality should most resemble that of:

his identical twin

Which of the following conditions is a preventable birth defect?

fetal alcohol syndrome

Which of the following is NOT a primary emotion?

guilt

The strongest cross-cultural congruence in the identification of emotions seems to involve _____, and the weakest seems to involve _____.

happiness; fear and disgust

Recent evidence indicates that the basic personality traits associated with the five-factor theory:

have genetic components

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of people with a high achievement motive?

having unrealistically high career goals

Psychologists who study social development are primarily concerned with:

how we learn to interact with other members of our species

Research on the Rorschach inkblot test indicates that it:

identifies many adults and children as psychologically disturbed when in fact they are not

Making downward comparisons is associated with:

increased self-esteem

Studies of brain development:

indicate that brain development continues into adulthood

Animals that lack the gene needed to produce _____ become extremely obese.

leptin

Toby is generally somewhat sad and pessimistic. Today, however, his candidate for president has won the election, and Toby is feeling incredibly optimistic and exuberant. Toby's usual sadness and pessimism is a(n) _____; his current optimism and exuberance is a(n) _____.

mood; emotion

People who are biracial tend to be _____ attractive because their faces _____.

more; are more symmetrical

In problem solving, a person:

moves from a present state to a goal state

A critical component for labeling a person's behavior a consequence of a mental disorder is that the behavior:

must interfere with some aspect of the person's life

Object permanence is a child's awareness that:

objects exist even when you cannot see them

For psychologists, theory of mind refers to:

our ability to recognize that others have mental states that might explain their behavior

Which hormone is released during sexual arousal and orgasm in both men and women?

oxytocin

Motivation _____, whereas emotion _____.

produces behavior; influences motivation

In a study described in your text, extremely homophobic men were shown videos of homosexual sex and responded with more physiological arousal than did less homophobic men. This finding provides evidence in support of:

reaction formation

At birth, an infant will automatically turn and suck when a nipple or similar object is placed near her or his mouth. This reflex is called:

rooting

Freud's stages of child and adolescent personality development are based on:

seeking pleasure through different erogenous zones

When Rick scored a 95 on his first psychology exam, he reported that he had spent a great deal of time studying. When he scored a 60 on his second psychology exam, he stated that the exam was poorly written. These responses are an example of:

self-serving bias

Environmental influences begin to affect children's development:

shortly after conception

Sheldon is a very rigid person and must have things his own way. Other people find his attitude annoying, but Sheldon refuses to change. In Freud's view, Sheldon is fixated at which stage of development?

the anal stage

An advantage of studying personality across species is that:

this evidence provides some support for a biologically based explanation for personality traits

Blake is waiting to hear whether he has been accepted to medical school. He is so anxious that he is having trouble working. To cope with the situation, he tries to keep himself from thinking about medical school or the admissions process. By engaging in this _____, Blake is likely to _____.

thought suppression; think about medical school even more

When a psychologist says you have become habituated to a stimulus, she means that:

your interest in the stimulus declines