exam 3 psych

Which of the following examples accurately reflects the Yerkes-Dodson law? Select one: a. A high level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when creating a bomb. b. A high level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when dusting the house. c. A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when disarming a bomb. d. A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when vacuuming the house.

A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when disarming a bomb.

Which of the following is a way that the James-Lange theory of emotion differs from the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion? Select one: a. According to the James-Lange theory, emotions arise from physiological arousal; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions include a cognitive factor and a physiological factor. b. According to the James-Lange theory, emotions include a cognitive factor and a physiological factor; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions arise from physiological arousal. c. According to the James-Lange theory, facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, facial expressions are incapable of influencing our emotions. d. According to the James-Lange theory, our appraisal of the stimulus determines our cognitions, which then influence our emotions; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus.

According to the James-Lange theory, emotions arise from physiological arousal; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions include a cognitive factor and a physiological factor.

Who developed social-cognitive theory? Select one: a. Abraham Maslow b. Albert Bandura c. Carl Rogers d. Erik Erikson

Albert Bandura

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Select one: a. Individuals are either introverts or extroverts. b. The Electra complex caused women to be neurotic. c. An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan. d. An individual's personality is determined in childhood.

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Which of the following is a way that anorexia nervosa is different from bulimia nervosa? Select one: a. Anorexia is associated with binge eating, and bulimia is associated with starvation. b. Anorexia is associated with starvation, and bulimia is associated with binge eating. c. More men than women suffer from anorexia. d. More men than women suffer from bulimia.

Anorexia is associated with starvation, and bulimia is associated with binge eating.

Professor Morooka works 60 hours a week for 9 months of the year. During this time he longs for a break. When he finally gets a break, he misses the sense of accomplishment he feels when he is working. ________ theory suggests that this is because there is an optimal level of arousal that we all try to maintain. Select one: a. Arousal b. Habit c. Instinct d. Schachter-Singer

Arousal

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart? Select one: a. Fraternal twins have very similar personalities whether raised together or apart. b. Identical twins have very similar personality when raised together, but not when raised apart. c. Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities. d. Twins of any kind have very similar personalities, regardless of where they are raised.

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

What is a major problem with the original Milgram study? Select one: a. Milgram falsified his results, making his study unreliable. b. Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical. c. Milgram never published his finding, making his reported results questionable. d. Milgram was too truthful with his subjects, making his study invalid.

Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical.

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy? Select one: a. Judd does not believe he is good at math. b. Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school. c. Stacia thinks that Tammy underestimates her abilities. d. Tony knows that Yancy frequently brags about his accomplishments. Feedback

Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians? Select one: a. Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex. b. Neo-Freudians theorized about personality while Sigmund Freud did not. c. Sigmund Freud did not emphasize childhood sexuality while the neo-Freudians did. d. Sigmund Freud was a feminist while the neo-Freudians were not.

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex

What is the main point of the quizmaster study? Select one: a. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. b. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly. c. People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior. d. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning? Select one: a. Cognitive processes depend on imitation. b. Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate. c. The environment determines which personal factors a person chooses to observe. d. An individual's behavior is determined by the environment.

Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate.

The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles. Select one: a. Julian Rotter b. Rorschach c. TAT d. TEMAS

Rorschach

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law? Select one: a. Deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis. b. Humans experience a spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization. c. Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low. d. An individual's belief in his own capabilities or capacities to complete a task influences his ability to complete the task

Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Social exchange is people's desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits. Select one: a. The phrase "costs outweigh the benefits" should be replaced by the phrase "benefits outweigh the costs." b. The phrase "help others" should be replaced by the phrase "hurt others." c. The phrase "help others" should be replaced by the phrase "hurt others." d. The phrase "social exchange" should be replaced by the word "altruism."

The phrase "social exchange" should be replaced by the word "altruism."

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is most accurate? Select one: a. There are five types of love that can be described from the three components of love. b. There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment. c. There are three components of love: romance, fatuous, and infatuation. d. There are three types of love that can be described from the three components of love.

There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment

How can we use conversion therapy to change someone's sexual orientation? Select one: a. We can apply the principles of the Yerkes-Dodson law to change the motivation for sexual orientation. b. We can follow the guidelines provided by Dr. Spitzer. c. We can use the James-Lange theory to change cognitions and emotions associated with the sexual orientation we wish to change. d. We cannot change someone's sexual orientation because it is a relatively stable characteristic of a person that cannot be changed.

We cannot change someone's sexual orientation because it is a relatively stable characteristic of a person that cannot be changed.

Which question was central to the marshmallow test? Select one: a. Do you think you could accomplish great things even when the fates are against you? b. Is your life more like a marshmallow or more like a rock? c. Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later? d. Would you make the same decisions your parent would make

Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?

What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment? Select one: a. The respondents wanted to leave, but Zimbardo would not let them. b. The students were not randomly assigned. c. The study went on too long. d. Zimbardo did not use a control group

Zimbardo did not use a control group

What is the just-world hypothesis? Select one: a. a belief common in the United States that rejects the idea that people get the outcomes they deserve b. a belief common in the United States that we will be rewarded in the afterlife c. an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve d. an ideology common in the United States that the rich are bad people who will eventually be punished

an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. Select one: a. an external locus on control b. an internal locus of control c. good self-regulation d. poor self-regulation

an internal locus of control

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Mercy probably suffers from ________. Select one: a. anorexia b. bulimia c. high metabolism d. Prader-Willi syndrome

anorexia

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion? Select one: a. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use b. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year c. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week d. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified? Select one: a. archetype b. id c. persona d. unconscious anxiety

archetype

A (An) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative. Select one: a. attitude b. cognition c. feeling d. sense

attitude

The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese. Select one: a. Asch effect b. bystander effect c. difference between bullying and cyberbullying d. social exchange theory

bystander effect

The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next. Select one: a. collective unconscious b. gestalt c. id d. ideal self

collective unconscious

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? Select one: a. denial b. displacement c. rationalization d. rejection

denial

Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an) ________. Select one: a. archetype b. extrovert c. introvert d. neurotic

extrovert

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe the ________. Select one: a. cognitive mediational theory b. facial feedback hypothesis c. James-Lange theory of emotion d. set point theory

facial feedback hypothesis

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? Select one: a. central cognitive b. foot-in-the-door c. head-in-the-sand d. peripheral route

foot-in-the-door

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________. Select one: a. central attitude shift b. central attribution error c. fundamental attitude shift d. fundamental attribution error

fundamental attribution error

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. Select one: a. cognitive dissonance b. group polarization c. the Asch effect d. the Milgram influence

group polarization

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior? Select one: a. attitudes b. emotions c. group processes d. social cognition

group processes

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________. Select one: a. healthy cognitive processes b. high self-efficacy c. low self-efficacy d. moderate reciprocal determinism

high self-efficacy

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________. Select one: a. a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism b. binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed c. how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger d. the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time

how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

As the "third force" in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment. Select one: a. biological determinism b. feminism c. humanism d. social cognition theory

humanism

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect? Select one: a. influence of one person on a large group b. influence of one person on the creation of a group goal c. influence of the group minority on individual judgment d. influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment Feedback

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment Feedback

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family? Select one: a. generativity vs. stagnation b. initiative vs. guilt c. intimacy vs. isolation d. trust vs. mistrust

intimacy vs. isolation

________ motivation is based on internal feelings rather than external rewards. Select one: a. drive b. extrinsic c. intrinsic d. motive

intrinsic

In the following sentence, identify the extrinsic motivation. Kit, who lives with her father, maintains a 3.5 grade average in order to keep her phone, visits her mother every weekend because she wants to, and joins the high school basketball team because she enjoys the sport. Select one: a. joining the wrestling team b. living with her father c. maintaining a 3.5 grade average d. visiting her mother

maintaining a 3.5 grade average

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________. Select one: a. dysphoria b. habit c. instinct d. motivation

motivation

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using? Select one: a. detachment b. extroversion c. moving against people d. moving with people

moving against people

Research shows that receiving some sort of extrinsic reinforcement for engaging in behaviors that we enjoy leads to those behaviors ________. Select one: a. creating an attraction/repulsion complex b. motivating us to engage in different behaviors c. no longer providing that same enjoyment d. providing twice as much enjoyment

no longer providing that same enjoyment

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development. Select one: a. anal b. genital c. oral d. phallic

oral

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun—she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect. Select one: a. extrinsic b. intrinsic c. motivation d. overjustification

overjustification

An archetype is a ________. Select one: a. collective consciousness b. pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies c. balance of opposing forces within one's personality d. feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society

pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies

Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt. Select one: a. id b. ideal self c. persona d. superego

persona

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: ________. Select one: a. physiological and arousal b. physiological and cognitive c. stimulus and appraisal d. time and fear

physiological and cognitive

Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory? Select one: a. observation learning b. reaction formation c. reciprocal determinism d. self-efficacy

reaction formation

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________. Select one: a. altruism b. balance c. intimacy d. reciprocity

reciprocity

Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called ________. Select one: a. companionate b. empty c. liking d. romantic

romantic

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring? Select one: a. avoiding the development of any contingency plans b. having the group leader make his position known before discussion begins c. seeking outside opinions on group decisions d. voting publicly in front of group members

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light. Select one: a. egocentric bias b. fundamental bias c. interpersonal bias d. self-serving bias

self-serving bias

Which theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change? Select one: a. distorted body image b. Prader-Willi c. set point d. Yerkes-Dodson

set point

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment? Select one: a. social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior b. students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately c. students cannot be trusted in roles of authority d. Zimbardo was an unethical researcher Feedback

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Transgender hormone therapy is ________. Select one: a. experiencing emotional and erotic attractions to both same-sexed individuals and opposite-sexed individuals b. designed to decrease the refractory period c. a discredited therapy that attempts to change an individual's sexual orientation d. the use of hormones to make one's body look more like the opposite-sex

the use of hormones to make one's body look more like the opposite-sex

Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she picks on her mother's ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ________. Select one: a. which situational factors led Janeka to do poorly on her exam b. which dispositional factors led Janeka to do poorly on her exam c. the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother d. the way Janeka's frustration with her mother led her to do poorly on her exam

the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving. Select one: a. character b. Jungian c. Rorschach d. trait

trait

In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament? Select one: a. black bile from the kidneys b. red blood from the heart c. white mucous from the lungs d. yellow bile from the liver

yellow bile from the liver