Exam 3

Which of the following is true? Select one: a.The hepatic artery transports amino acids from the small intestine to the liver. b.Intestinal epithelial cells absorb more dipeptides and tripeptides than single amino acids. c.Protein digestion starts in the duodenum. d.Amino acids leave intestinal epithelial cells and enter the lacteals. e.Peptidases are made in the large intestine.

Intestinal epithelial cells absorb more dipeptides and tripeptides than single amino acids.

In the human body, cholesterol is important because it Select one: a.is the precursor of several steroid hormones and vitamin D3. b.is a lipid component of all cell membranes. c.All of the answers are correct. d.helps waterproof the epidermis. e.is a key constituent of bile.

All of the answers are correct.

The food pyramid recommends many servings a day of dark-green and orange vegetables. Which vitamin is particularly abundant in this food group? Select one: a.A b.C c.folic acid d.All of the answers are correct. e.E

All of the answers are correct.

In the ETS, ________ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another. Select one: a.a hydrogen ion b.NAD c.a coenzyme d.the acetyl group e.ADP

a coenzyme

Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called Select one: a.feces. b.phlegm. c.bile. d.bolusin. e.chyme.

chyme.

An element that is a component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes is Select one: a.calcium. b.cobalt. c.iron. d.zinc. e.magnesium.

iron

The presence of ketone bodies in the urine is known as Select one: a.ketonuria. b.polyuria. c.hematuria. d.uremia. e.ketosis.

ketonuria

The gastric phase of gastric secretion Select one: a.decreases the release of gastrin in the stomach. b.leads to the greatest volume of gastric secretion. c.leads to the least volume of gastric secretion. d.is mediated by impulses on sympathetic nerves. e.is triggered by taste, sight, thought, or smell of food.

leads to the greatest volume of gastric secretion.

The citric acid cycle occurs in the Select one: a.golgi apparatus. b.mitochondrial cristae. c.cytosol. d.ribosome. e.mitochondrial matrix.

mitochondrial matrix.

Which of the following enzymes digests protein? Select one: a.bile b.sucrase c.isomaltose d.lipase e.pepsin

pepsin

Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be Select one: a.falciperitoneal. b.hyperperitoneal. c.retroperitoneal. d.antiperitoneal. e.mesoperitoneal.

retroperitoneal.

When chyme enters the duodenum, ____ is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates. Select one: a.gastrin b.glucagon c.secretin d.insulin e.cholecystokinin

secretin

The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces Select one: a.water. b.acetyl-CoA. c.urea. Correct d.nitrate. e.ketone bodies.

urea.

What is tissue thromboplastin? Select one: a. A compound released by healed tissues that initiates clot dissolution b. A compound that keeps platelets from sticking to the endothelium c. A precursor to prothrombin d. A compound released by damaged tissue that initiates the intrinsic clotting pathway e. A compound released by damaged tissue that initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway

A compound released by damaged tissue that initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway

A balanced diet should Select one: a.include adequate substrates for the production of energy. b.contain adequate amounts of water. c.contain adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals. d.provide essential amino acids and fatty acids. e.All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for Select one: a.All of the answers are correct. b.ion transport. c.protein synthesis. d.muscle contraction. e.glycogen synthesis.

All of the answers are correct.

Cells synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons? Select one: a.store nutrients b.structural maintenance c.All of the answers are correct. d.produce secretions e.growth and repair

All of the answers are correct.

During glycolysis Select one: a.All of the answers are correct. b.hydrogen atoms are removed from organic molecules. c.a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid. d.four molecules of ATP are produced. e.two molecules of ATP are consumed.

All of the answers are correct.

eces consist of Select one: a.water. b.bacteria. c.All of these are found in feces. d.sloughed-off epithelial cells. e.undigestible food.

All of these are found in feces.

Functions of the liver include Select one: a.bile production. b.production of many blood proteins. c.interconversion of nutrients. d.All of these are functions of the liver. e.detoxification of harmful chemicals.

All of these are functions of the liver.

Which of the following apply to the small intestine? Select one: a.Mixing and propulsion of chyme. b.Both digestion and absorption occur in this organ. c.All of these choices apply to the small intestine. d.Secretions from the liver and pancreas enter this organ. e.Segmentation contractions occur in this organ.

All of these choices apply to the small intestine.

Inadequate exposure to sunlight could result in decreased amounts of vitamin ________ in the body. Select one: a.E b.C c.A d.D Correct e.B12

D

Compounds that cells can use to make glucose include all of the following, except Select one: a.lactic acid b.acetyl-CoA c.glycerol d.pyruvic acid e.amino acids

acetyl-CoA

In order for glycolysis to proceed, which of the following need not be present? Select one: a.acetyl-CoA b.NAD c.glucose d.ADP e.ATP

acetyl-CoA

How are ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate transported from the intestinal lumen? Select one: a.osmosis b.passive transport c.diffusion d.active transport

active transport

Enzymes that digest carbohydrates include Select one: a.trypsin and chymotrypsin. b.amylase, maltase, and sucrase. c.lipase. d.maltase and lipase. e.peptidases.

amylase, maltase, and sucrase.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when Select one: a.an Rh-positive woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus. b.an Rh-positive woman is carrying an Rh-negative fetus. c.an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-negative fetus. d.an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.

an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.

Teeth in adults Select one: a.are distributed so that there is one canine tooth in each half jaw. b.are composed of living cells called enamel cells. c.are all of the same type - molars. d.do not play a role in speech. e.are replaced by osteoblast activity if they are extracted.

are distributed so that there is one canine tooth in each half jaw.

Which of the following are effects of aging on the digestive system? Select one: a.more likely to develop ulcerations and cancers b.enamel on teeth becomes thinner c.blood supply decreases d.blood supply decreases and more likely to develop ulcerations and cancers. e.blood supply decreases, more likely to develop ulcerations and cancers and enamel on teeth becomes thinner.

blood supply decreases, more likely to develop ulcerations and cancers and enamel on teeth becomes thinner.

Which of the following is NOT a muscle of mastication? Select one: a.medial and lateral pterygoids b.masseter c.buccinator d.temporalis

buccinator

What muscle forms the cheeks? Select one: a.orbicularis oculi muscle b.zygomaticus muscles c.orbicularis oris d.buccinator muscle

buccinator muscle

The strategy of eating starchy foods for several days before an athletic event is known as Select one: a.carbohydrate loading. b.the Atkins diet. c.glycolysis reaction. d.overeating. e.carbohydrate craving.

carbohydrate loading.

Anticipation of eating food causes an increase in secretion of gastric juice. This phase of gastric secretion is called the _____ phase. Select one: a.conscious b.cephalic c.gastric d.pancreatic e.intestinal

cephalic

Trypsin can activate Select one: a.endopeptidase. b.lipase. c.angiotensinogen. d.pepsinogen. e.chymotrypsinogen.

chymotrypsinogen.

The liver Select one: a.has two major lobes - caudate and quadrate. b.is not vascular. c.consists of two major lobes and two minor lobes. d.is located on the superior surface of the diaphragm. e.is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.

consists of two major lobes and two minor lobes.

The trace element needed for hemoglobin synthesis is Select one: a.zinc. b.silicon. c.cobalt. d.iodine. e.copper.

copper

Bile Select one: a.digests proteins in the small intestine. b.is made by the gallbladder and stored by the liver. c.activates trypsin in the small intestine. d.emulsifies fats in the small intestine. e.activates the pancreas.

emulsifies fats in the small intestine.

What structure moves food from the pharynx to the stomach? Select one: a.epiglottis b.laryngopharynx c.esophagus d.larynx

esophagus

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive tract? Select one: a.esophagus b.pancreas c.salivary glands d.gallbladder

esophagus

The cascade of events in the intrinsic pathway can be set into motion when _____ comes into contact with collagen. Select one: a.factor III b.factor VII c.factor X d.factor XII e.calcium

factor XII

Which of the following attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall? Select one: a.round ligament b.transverse mesocolon c.greater omentum d.falciform ligament e.lesser omentum

falciform ligament

Insulin increases the rate of _____ transport into cells. Select one: a.fructose b.glucose c.sucrose d.galactose e.lactose

glucose

The esophagus Select one: a.has thin walls of connective tissue. b.extends from the fauces to the stomach. c.has upper and lower sphincters to regulate movement of food. d.produces two enzymes that digest proteins. e.has cartilage in its walls to keep it from collapsing.

has upper and lower sphincters to regulate movement of food.

A blockage in the colon where the ascending colon turns to become the transverse colon would occur at the Select one: a.gastric flexure. b.splenic flexure. c.cardiac sphincter. d.ileocecal valve. e.hepatic flexure.

hepatic flexure.

Sometimes called "good cholesterol," ________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. Select one: a.high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) b.very-high-density lipoproteins (VHDLs) c.low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) d.intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs) e.very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)

high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

A cell needs a receptor in order to absorb LDL's. A disease that interferes with the functioning of these LDL receptors would Select one: a.have no effect on serum cholesterol or endocytosis. b.halt endocytosis. c.decrease serum cholesterol levels. d.increase serum cholesterol levels. e.promote endocytosis.

increase serum cholesterol levels.

Randolf was suffering from severe hepatitis. His skin appeared to be jaundiced. That color change was due to Select one: a.increased heme in his circulatory system. b.increased globin in his circulatory system. c.increased bilirubin in his circulatory system. d.decreased rate of globin breakdown. e.increased globin in his circulatory system, increased bilirubin in his circulatory system and decreased rate of globin breakdown.

increased bilirubin in his circulatory system.

Emulsification Select one: a.involves enzymes. b.increases surface area for lipid digestion. c.chemically digests lipids. d.occurs in the gallbladder. e.converts small lipid droplets into larger droplets.

increases surface area for lipid digestion.

Mastication Select one: a.is never under voluntary control. b.increases the surface area of food particles. c.decreases the efficiency of digestion. d.occurs in both the mouth and stomach. e.decreases the surface area of food particles.

increases the surface area of food particles.

Duodenal gland secretion prevents Select one: a.release of bile from the liver. b.the release of insulin. c.irritation of the duodenal mucosa by acidic chyme and digestive enzymes. d.digestive enzyme release. e.peristalsis.

irritation of the duodenal mucosa by acidic chyme and digestive enzymes.

The intestinal phase of gastric secretion Select one: a.is controlled by the entrance of acidic chyme into the duodenum. b.will decrease gastric secretion when gastrin is released by the duodenum. c.only stimulates gastric secretion. d.is controlled by the entrance of alkaline material into the small intestines. e.leads to increased gastric secretion if duodenal pH falls below 2.

is controlled by the entrance of acidic chyme into the duodenum.

Pepsinogen Select one: a.is activated by salivary amylase in swallowed food. b.operates optimally at a pH of 5 or more. c.is packaged in zymogen granules. d.helps to form peptide bonds. e.is secreted by parietal cells.

is packaged in zymogen granules.

The essential fatty acids are Select one: a.glycerol and pyruvic acid. b.cholesterol and glycerol. c.linoleic acid and linolenic acid. d.leucine and lysine. e.HDLs and LDLs.

linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

Damage to the liver would hamper digestion of Select one: a.lipids. b.All of these choices are correct. c.proteins. d.disaccharides. e.carbohydrates.

lipids.

Bile is produced by cells of the Select one: a.hepatopancreatic ampulla. b.liver. c.pancreas. d.duodenum. e.gallbladder.

liver.

Strong peristaltic contractions in the large intestine are called Select one: a.rectal propulsions. b.churning contractions. c.segmental contractions. d.mass movements. e.defecation.

mass movements.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the small intestine? Select one: a.mixing by segmental contractions b.complete digestion of food c.absorption of nutrients d.mastication of food

mastication of food

The lips, cheek, and tongue all aid in Select one: a.mastication, speech, and swallowing. b.mastication and swallowing. c.deglutition and peristalsis. d.mastication and sense of taste. e.speech and swallowing.

mastication, speech, and swallowing.

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called Select one: a.oxidative phosphorylation. b.glycolysis. c.metabolism. d.catabolism. e.anabolism.

metabolism

Saliva Select one: a.does not prevent bacterial infection in the mouth. b.is produced only when there is food in the mouth. c.is responsible for peristalsis in the mouth. d.increases ulceration in the mouth. e.moistens food and begins starch digestion in the mouth.

moistens food and begins starch digestion in the mouth.

During starvation Select one: a.there is a decline in circulating ketone bodies. b.carbohydrate reserves maintained by metabolizing inorganic compounds. c.muscle proteins are used as an energy source. d.gluconeogenesis ceases. e.carbohydrate utilization increases.

muscle proteins are used as an energy source.

The vitamin that is part of the coenzyme NAD is Select one: a.folic acid (folate). b.thiamine. c.cobalamin. d.niacin. e.riboflavin.

niacin.

What muscle forms the lips? Select one: a.orbicularis oris muscle b.buccinator muscle c.labial frenulum muscle d.orbicularis oculi muscle

orbicularis oris muscle

The ________ of the mitochondrion contains large-diameter pores that are permeable to ions and small organic molecules such as pyruvic acid. Select one: a.plasma membrane b.matrix c.outer membrane d.cristae e.inner membrane

outer membrane

The abdominal cavity is lined with Select one: a.mesenteries. b.superficial fascia. c.parietal peritoneum. d.the omental bursa. e.the greater omentum.

parietal peritoneum.

Which of the following are secreted by the stomach? Select one: a.bile and lipase b.bicarbonate and secretin c.amylase and lipase d.pepsinogen and intrinsic factor e.trypsin and amylase

pepsinogen and intrinsic factor

Bile secretion is Select one: a.is stimulated by sympathetic nerves. b.is stimulated by decreased amounts of bile salts. c.controlled by the gallbladder. d.stimulated by increased vitamin B12 storage. e.performed continuously by the liver.

performed continuously by the liver.

What moves the bolus during the esophageal phase of deglutition? Select one: a.segmentation b.the tongue c.peristalsis d.pharyngeal constriction

peristalsis

Factors that influence an individual's BMR (basal metabolic rate) include all of the following, except Select one: a.physical exertion. b.age. c.gender. d.body weight. e.genetics.

physical exertion.

The tongue Select one: a.secretes saliva. b.is attached to the hard palate. c.functions in deglutition apnea. d.plays a major role in swallowing. e.contains a lot of connective and lymphatic tissues.

plays a major role in swallowing.

Lipids Select one: a.deliver somewhat less energy than an equivalent mass of glucose. b.yield quick bursts of energy. c.are the primary nutrient metabolized in cells. d.are difficult to store since they are not water soluble. e.provide energy for cells with modest energy demands.

provide energy for cells with modest energy demands.

LDL's are taken into a cell by the process of Select one: a.receptor mediated endocytosis. b.facilitated diffusion. c.HDL carrier molecules. d.osmosis. e.simple diffusion.

receptor mediated endocytosis.

When NAD+ is ________ it becomes NADH. When NADH is ________ it becomes NAD+. Select one: a.made; recycled b.phosphorylated; dephosphorylated c.oxidized; reduced d.reduced; oxidized e.phosphorylated; deaminated

reduced; oxidized

Which of the following is NOT a type of propulsion in the digestive tract? Select one: a.segmental contraction b.deglutition c.peristalsis d.mass movement

segmental contraction

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach? Select one: a.absorption of aspirin b.storage c.protein digestion d.segmental contractions

segmental contractions

In order to remove a tumor in the muscular tunic of the stomach, a surgeon must cut through the Select one: a.lamina propria. b.lamina propria. c.serosa. d.submucosa. e.mucosa. Feedback

serosa.

Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells of the Select one: a.stomach. b.pancreas. c.small intestine. d.large intestine. e.liver.

small intestine.

Which of the following is NOT a necessary function of the tongue? Select one: a.speech b.taste c.chewing d.swallowing

speech

The role of acetylcholine in the digestive tract is to _________, while the role of norepinephrine is to ______. Select one: a.inhibit, stimulate b.stimulate, inhibit c.stimulate, stimulate d.inhibit, inhibit

stimulate, inhibit

What is the role of serotonin in the digestive tract? Select one: a.decreased nausea b.inhibits motility c.hormone release d.stimulates motility

stimulates motility

The gallbladder Select one: a.produces secretin. b.breaks down red blood cells. c.is attached to the pancreas. d.produces bile. e.stores bile.

stores bile.

The salivary glands that open into the oral cavity beside the frenulum of the tongue are the Select one: a.lacrimal glands. b.submandibular glands. c.sublingual glands. d.parotid glands. e.labial glands.

submandibular glands.

What keeps the bolus from entering the larynx during deglutition? Select one: a.the tongue b.the upper esophageal sphincter c.the uvula d.the epiglottis

the epiglottis

Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur? Select one: a.the stomach and duodenum b.the duodenum and ileum c.the ileum and jejunum d.the jejunum and duodenum

the jejunum and duodenum

During the absorptive state, Select one: a.skeletal muscle fibers release glucose. b.adipocytes release fatty acids to the circulation. c.insulin levels are low. d.skeletal muscle breaks down glycogen. e.the liver forms glycogen.

the liver forms glycogen.

Reactions within ________ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell. Select one: a.cytoplasm b.the endoplasmic reticulum c.nucleus d.the plasma membrane e.the mitochondria

the mitochondria

The epiglottis covers the opening into the larynx during Select one: a.the oral phase of swallowing. b.the voluntary phase of swallowing. c.the esophageal phase of swallowing. d.the gastric phase of swallowing. e.the pharyngeal phase of swallowing.

the pharyngeal phase of swallowing.

How does the muscularis layer of the esophagus differ from the rest of the digestive tract? Select one: a.it has alternating smooth and skeletal muscle sections b.the superior part is skeletal muscle c.it is all skeletal muscle d.the inferior part is skeletal muscle Feedback

the superior part is skeletal muscle

Agglutination of red blood cells means Select one: a.they rupture. b.they form a clot. c.they clump together. d.they lose their nucleus. e.they bump into each other.

they clump together.

In order to determine the LDL level in a patient's blood it is necessary to measure Select one: a.total cholesterol level. b.triglyceride level. c.HDL level. d.total cholesterol level, HDL level, and triglyceride level. e.triglyceride and monoglyceride levels.

total cholesterol level, HDL level, and triglyceride level.

What is the role of NADH in metabolism? Select one: a.produce bicarbonate ions for a pH buffer b.produce carbon dioxide c.convert pyruvic acid into acetyl-coA d.transport hydrogen atoms to coenzymes in the mitochondrial cristae e.phosphorylate ADP into ATP

transport hydrogen atoms to coenzymes in the mitochondrial cristae

Monosaccharides Select one: a.use a symport process in their absorption. b.are emulsified before absorption. c.can not be absorbed. d.need vitamin C to be absorbed. e.are absorbed into lacteals.

use a symport process in their absorption.

For adults there are ________ essential amino acids. Select one: a.20 b.10 Incorrect c.6 d.2 e.8

8

The vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelia and is required for the synthesis of visual pigments is vitamin Select one: a.B. b.C. c.E. d.A. e.D.

A

A man had a gunshot wound in his abdomen. The bullet passed through his anterior body and lodged inside the transverse colon. What layers did the bullet pass through to arrive at the location?(1) parietal peritoneum(2) visceral peritoneum Select one: a.2, 1, 1, 1 b.1, 2, 2, 1 c.1, 2 d.1, 2, 1, 2 e.1, 2, 2, 2

1, 2, 2, 2

The chemical equation that correctly summarizes the overall reaction in oxidative phosphorylation is Select one: a.H2 + O2 → H2O + O. b.P + 3 O → PO3. c.H2 + O2 → H2O. d.2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O. e.3 H2 + 2O2 → 3 H2O + 2 O.

2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O.

Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest:(1) dipeptide(2) protein(3) amino acid(4) polypeptide Select one: a.1, 2, 3, 4 b.2, 4, 1, 3 c.3, 1, 4, 2 d.4, 1, 2, 3 e.2, 4, 3, 1

2, 4, 1, 3

Arrange the following events in the correct order:(1) absorption of lipids(2) emulsification(3) micelle formation(4) digestion of lipids Select one: a.4, 1, 2, 3 b.2, 4, 3, 1 c.2, 4, 1, 3 d.3, 4, 2, 1 e.1, 2, 3, 4 Feedback

2, 4, 3, 1

Obesity is defined as a body weight more than ________ percent above the ideal body weight for an individual. Select one: a.15 b.5 c.20 d.30 e.10

20

Arrange the following in proper sequence:(1) digestion(2) elimination(3) ingestion(4) absorption Select one: a.1, 4, 3, 2 b.3, 1, 4, 2 c.4, 1, 2, 3 d.3, 4, 1, 2 e.3, 4, 2, 1

3, 1, 4, 2