Exam 3 (Quiz 5 and 6)

Joshua feels that when a household rule seems unfair to him he can discuss it with his parents and even if they don't agree to change the rule, they listen to his opinion. Joshua's parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles? a.Authoritative b.Authoritarian c.Indulgent (permissive) d.Indifferent (neglectful, uninvolved)

a. Authoritative

At which period of development in the child is a family more likely to experience disruption and conflict in parent-child and/or sibling relationships? a.Early adolescence b.Mid adolescence c.Late adolescence d.Disruption and conflict in family relations is equally likely across all stages of adolescence.

a. Early adolescence

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is the main influence on whether a person has a more or less desirable outcome at each stage of his/her psychosocial development? a.The social relationships in his/her life b.His/her genetic makeup c.The home and community environment d.The beliefs and values of the culture in which the person lives

a. The social relationships in his/her life

True or False: Working to earn money during the school year is more likely to lead to problems for the adolescent from a middle-income background than for the adolescent from a lower-income background. a.True b.flase

a. True

Ethnic minority youth with strong ethnic identities compared to those with weaker ethnic identities tend to __________________. a.have fewer emotional and behavioral problems b.do less well in school c.be less optimistic about their future d.be more marginalized

a. have fewer emotional and behavioral problems

Deliberate controlled aggression is known as _________________, and these adolescents tend to be more popular than those who show ___________, which is unplanned and tends to be more emotional. a.instrumental aggression; reactive aggression b.reactive aggressive; instrumental aggression c.instrumental aggression; relational aggression d.relational aggression; instrumental aggression

a. instrumental aggression; reactive aggression

Which of the following is NOT a message that media such as movies, TV, and music and music videos typically convey about sex? a.unprotected sex can have serious consequences b.women are sex objects c.sex is a defining aspect of masculinity d.sex is fun and exciting

a. unprotected sex can have serious consequences

Research summarized by Dr. Giles in class recently, showed that college students who saw their parents as being more _______________ in their parenting practices was predictive of those students having relatively lower academic achievement, more adjustment problems, and more problems related to alcohol consumption compared to the other parenting styles included in the study. a.Authoritative b.Authoritarian c.Permissive d.None of the above as the study showed there were not differences related to parenting style.

b. Authoritarian

Which parenting style involves the parent being low in warmth toward the child while also highly demanding of the child's performance. This style can lead to lower feelings of autonomy in the child and, during adolescence, the child being more susceptible to peer influences? a.Authoritative b.Authoritarian c.Indulgent d.Indifferent

b. Authoritarian

In general, which kind of activity is more likely to increase the adolescent's exposure to positive adult role models, challenge his/her intellectual skills, and support the development of self-confidence? a.A part-time job b.Extracurriculars

b. Extracurriculars

Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages Jean Phinney (1990) proposed for ethnic identity development? a.The unexamined ethnic identity b.Hidden ethnic identity c.Ethnic identity search d.Resolution of conflict

b. Hidden ethnic identity

All of the following adolescents would like to get a job to save money for college, but which one is LEAST likely to be able to get a part-time job? a.Joe whose parents have white-collar type jobs. b.Marcus who lives in the projects in an innercity urban area. c.Liz who lives in a large suburban area. d.All are equally likely to be able to get a part-time job.

b. Marcus who lives in the projects in an innercity urban area

What would Erikson say about the future of a person who did NOT have a positive resolution in one of the earlier stages of psychosocial development? a.That person is doomed to be stuck in that same stage of development for the rest of his/her life b.That person can still have a good outcome as it is possible to have a positive resolution at a later time in live. c.The outcome of one stage does not affect the outcome of later ones. d.The only hope is for that person to go back to the relationships from that time of his/her life and seek a more positive outcome.

b. That person can still have a good outcome as it is possible to have a positive resolution at a later time in live.

Jane often seems to have a chip on her shoulder. For example, when George accidentally bumped her desk, Jane jumped up immediately, shoved George, and accused him of running into her desk on purpose. Which of the following is used by psychologists to describe Jane's reaction? a.iatrogenic effects b.hostile attributional bias c.instrumental aggression d.relational aggression

b. hostile attributional bias

Carl said, "I'm not really sure how I feel about the death penalty. I can see both advantages and disadvantages for society. I need to find out more before I decide what I believe." According to the identity status framework of James Marcia, Carl's most likely status related to beliefs about the death penalty is __________. a.identity achieved b.identity moratorium c.identity diffused d.identity foreclosed

b. identity moratorium

Our textbook emphasizes that ___________________ is the most critical influence on adolescents' psychological well-being. a.the quality of relationships with peers b.the quality of the parent-child relationship c.attending a good school d.mass media e.living in a safe neighborhood

b. the quality of the parent-child relationship

When is delinquency most common? a.weekdays during school hours b.weekday afternoons c.weekend nights d.weekend afternoons

b. weekday afternoons

Which of the following describes one of the primary reasons why Erikson saw Identity Development as especially important during adolescence? a.Adolescents compared to children have a more narrow and adult-filled social world. b.Adolescents are freer from responsibilities and obligations compared to children. c.Adolescents compared to children are more able to consider their real, ideal, and future possible selves. d.All of the above.

c. Adolescents compared to children are more able to consider their real, ideal, and future possible selves.

What is the developmental task that Erikson must have seen as most important to an individual's later psychosocial development as he put it as the very first stage of life (that is, in infancy)? a.Developing a sense of one's self b.Developing the ability to have close relationships with others c.Developing the ability to appropriately trust in others d.Developing a sense of confidence in one's abilities

c. Developing the ability to appropriately trust in others

Which the following statements about ethnic differences in parenting is CORRECT? a.The permissive style of parenting is more common among ethnic minority families than the authoritarian style. b.The authoritarian style, if used by ethnic minority parents, tends to have more negative effects on their children than it does on white children. c.Ethnic minority parents may use the authoritarian style (or a style that appears authoritarian to researchers) to protect their children from dangers outside of the home. d.The authoritative style turns out to not be beneficial to children/adolescents of lower income levels or coming from ethnic minority families.

c. Ethnic minority parents may use the authoritarian style (or a style that appears authoritarian to researchers) to protect their children from dangers outside of the home.

In class, Dr. Giles described research on adolescents' lying to their parents. Which of the following statements about that research is CORRECT? a.Permissive parents are lied to the least. b.Only about 25% of adolescents report that they lie to their parents. c.Most parents appear to mistakenly believe that their teens feel they can talk with them about anything. d.Young adolescents are the least likely to lie to their parents.

c. Most parents appear to mistakenly believe that their teens feel they can talk with them about anything

According to our textbook, __________ are settings for intimate interactions and friendships, whereas __________ are based on reputation rather than on actual social interaction. a.crowds; reference groups b.reference groups; cliques c.cliques; crowds d.crowds; cliques

c. cliques; crowds

Ruben and Marianne are both high school freshmen. Ruben works over 20 hours a week during the school year. Marianne works about 8 hours per week. Ruben, compared to Marianne, is more likely to: a.become more socially responsible. b.know how to manage his money better. c.drop out of school. d.not engage in drug and alcohol use.

c. drop out of school.

At the juvenile delinquency facility, Brandon learned from his peers how to become an even more successful shoplifter. His treatment had what psychologist call a/an _____________ effect. a.cohort b.participant observation c.iatrogenic d.reference group

c. iatrogenic

The two main dimensions of Baumrind's parenting styles framework are best characterized as focusing on the level to which parenting is ____________ and ________________. a.emotionally warm; emotionally cold b.demanding; lenient c.responsive; controlling d.close; distant

c. responsive; controlling

Which of the following is NOT one of the main factors of the Five Factor Model of personality (aka, the "Big 5")? a.openness b.neuroticism c.self-awareness d.extraversion e.agreeableness

c. self-awareness

When are adolescents usually in the "worst" mood? a.when they are with friends b.when they are working c.when they are with their family d.when they are alone

d, when they are alone

What are the benefits of an achieved identity? a.Having a sense of self that helps one make important decisions in life. b.Being better able to find others who share common goals in life. c.Having better psychological well-being and happiness. d.All of the above.

d. All of the above

Enrique says that he does not really think of himself as Columbian, like his parents, but instead sees himself as just being an American. Jean Phinney would classify Enrique as having which type of ethnic identity orientation? a.Bicultural b.Marginal c.Separated d.Assimilated

d. Assimilated

Natalie's mom believes that adolescent peers influence each other only in negative ways such as using illegal drugs. Given what you learned in our textbook about adolescent peer relationships, is this true? a.Natalie's mom is wrong—adolescents' decisions to engage in or abstain from activities such as illegal drug use are based on their relationships and conversations with parents, not peers. b.Natalie's mom is right—adolescent peers exert negative influences on adolescents and never or almost never exert a positive influence on one another. c.Natalie's mom is wrong—adolescent peers are likely to exert positive, but not negative, influences on each other. d.Natalie's mom is wrong—adolescents exert both positive and negative influences on each other.

d. Natalie's mom is wrong—adolescents exert both positive and negative influences on each other.

James Marcia's framework for classifying the identity status of young people focuses on their levels of exploration and commitment in three main areas of life. Which of the following is NOT one of those areas? a.Values and beliefs b.Interpersonal relationships c.Occupation d.Personality

d. Personality

Which of the following statements about parental divorce and the effect on children/adolescents is FALSE? a.The effect of divorce on children/adolescents tends to decrease over time. b.Parental divorce tends to be harder on school-aged children than on preschoolers and college-aged young people. c.The effects of divorce on children/adolescents is more explained by the level of parental conflict than by the divorce itself. d.Two parents are always better than one; therefore, it is always better for parents to stay together for their children than to divorce.

d. Two parents are always better than one; therefore, it is always better for parents to stay together for their children than to divorce.

According to research on bullying, which of the following tends to be True? a.Researchers have found that adolescents who fight back when bullied have better mental health outcomes than those who walk away. b.The US has one of the lowest rates of bullying. c.Adolescents from middle and higher income families are more likely to be bullied than those coming from low income families. d.We are likely to see higher of rates of bullying in schools and countries where there is greater economic inequality among people.

d. We are likely to see higher of rates of bullying in schools and countries where there is greater economic inequality among people.

Of the following activities, today's teenagers spend the most hours ______________. a.working b.on schoolwork c.volunteering d.on leisure activities

d. on leisure activities

Regardless of the location, the chief determinant of sociometric popularity in high school is students' ______________. a.physical attractiveness b.academic achievement c.success in sports d.social competence

d. social competence

The fact that books for parents of teenagers tend to focus on problems instead of normal development is a concern because: a.the stereotypes are usually based on facts. b.most parents have no idea what to expect when their children reach adolescence. c.the more parents believe they are going to have a difficult time with their adolescent, the less likely they will create a self-fulfilling prophecy. d.the more parents believe in the negative stereotypes, the worse their relationships with their teenagers tend to become

d. the more parents believe in the negative stereotypes, the worse their relationships with their teenagers tend to become