Exam #3 Review

shared

Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are _____.

proportional to frequency and inversely proportional to wavelength.

Energy of light is: 1. proportional to frequency and wavelength. 2. inversely proportional to frequency and wavelength. 3. proportional to frequency and inversely proportional to wavelength. 4. inversely proportional to frequency and proportional to wavelength.

C-F

Of the bonds below, the most polar bond would be: 1. C−C 2. C−N 3. C−O 4. C−F

microwaves < infrared < visible < ultraviolet

Order these spectral regions in order of increasing energy: infrared, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible)

lose 2 electrons to become positively charged and combine with an anion.

An element which has two valence electrons as an atom will most likely: 1. lose 2 electrons to become negatively charged and combine with a cation. 2. lose 2 electrons to become positively charged and combine with an anion. 3. gain 2 electrons to become negatively charged and combine with a cation. 4. gain 2 electrons to become positively charged and combine with an anion. 5. All of the above can occur.

ultraviolet < visible < infrared < radio waves

Arrange these spectral regions in order of increasing wavelength (infrared, radio waves, ultraviolet, visible).

1

How many lone pairs of electrons are around the central atom in PCl₃?

1

How many lone pairs of electrons are around the central atom in SO₂?

0

How many lone pairs of electrons are there around the central atom in CO₂?

24

How many total valence electrons are there in the Lewis structure of NO₃⁻¹?

Wave 1 has a frequency and energy that is twice that of wave 2.

If wave 1 has a wavelength that is half that of wave 2, which of the following is correct? 1. Wave 1 has a frequency and energy that is twice that of wave 2. 2. Wave 1 has a frequency and energy that is half that of wave 2. 3. Wave 1 has half the frequency and twice the energy of wave 2. 4. Wave 1 has twice the frequency and half the energy of wave 2. 5. Not enough information is given.

E. Both B and C are correct

The emission of light by the relaxation of exited electrons is known as ______. A. photodecomposition B. phosphorescence C. fluorescence D. spectroscopy E. Both B and C are correct.

spectroscopy

The interaction of matter and light is known as ____.

phosphorescence

The slow emission of light by a glow in the dark toy or watch is best described as ____.

meters per second

The speed of light is 3.0 x 10⁸ ____.

relaxation time.

The time required for a nucleus to return to its original orientation after a transition is known as:

photons

Tiny packets of energy witch travel at the speed of light are known as _____.

The ability of an atom to attract bonding elevtrons

What is electronegativity?

:C(there is a triple bond here but I don't have a triple bond key, srry)O:

What is the correct Lewis dot structure for carbon monoxide?

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

What is the correct expansion of the acronym LASER?

Na₃P

What is the correct formula for sodium phosphide?

4.74 x 10¹⁴s⁻¹

What is the frequency of light emitted by a helium-neon laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm and a speed of 3 x 10⁸ m/s?

Tetrahedral

What is the molecular geometry of NH₄⁺?

Solid-state

What type of laser is the ruby laser?

Wavelength

Which characteristic of light is responsible for determining its color?

Red

Which color of visible light has the lowest energy?

Ultraviolet

Which form of electromagnetic radiation is used in the treatment of cancer tumors?

All of the listed answers.

Which of the following is true about ozone? 1. Its Lewis structure is best represented with resonance structures. 2. It reduces the amount of ultraviolet radiation that reaches the earth's surface. 3. It can be broken down by ultraviolet radiation. 4. All of the listed answers. 5. None of the above.

None of the above are true

Which of the following is true when comparing ultraviolet light to visible light? 1. Ultraviolet light has a longer wavelength than visible light. 2. Ultraviolet light has a lower frequency than visible light. 3. Ultraviolet light has a lower energy than visible light. 4. All of the above are true. 5. None of the above are true.

All of the listed molecules are nonpolar

Which of the following molecules is nonpolar? 1. CO₂ 2. N₂ 3. CH₄ 4. CCl₄ 5. All of the listed molecules are nonpolar

III only

Which of these contain(s) polar bonds but is/are nonpolar molecule(s)? I. NCl₃ II. H₂ III. CO₂ IV. BF₃

Ca

Which of these elements has the lowest electronegativity?1. Ca 2. N 3. Se 4. P 5. O

SO₃

Which of these is a nonpolar molecule? 1. CO 2. H₂O 3. O₃ 4. PCl₃ 5. SO₃

All of these

Which of these is an application of lasers? 1. Compact discs 2. Surgery 3. Supermarket scanners 4. Surveying equipment 5. All of these

All of these are characteristics of light.

Which of these is not a characteristic of light? 1. Wavelength 2. Frequency 3. Energy 4. Amplitude 5. All of these are characteristics of light.

photochemistry

Which of these is not a form of spectroscopy? 1. NMR 2. MRI 3. photochemistry 4. phosphorescence 5. fluorescence

All of these are applications

Which of these is not a medical application of lasers? 1. removal of skin cancer 2. reshaping of the cornea 3. surgery 4. removal of tumors using fiber optics 5. All of these are applications.

It is relatively inexpensive

Which of these is not an advantage of a laser scalpel? 1. It can make precise cuts. 2. It is relatively inexpensive. 3. Its wavelength can be varied for desirable effects. 4. It causes minimum damage to surrounding tissues. 5. It can be delivered through a fiber optic cable to difficult to reach locations.

The nature of the lasing medium

Which of these is the primary difference in lasers? 1. The color of the light. 2. The nature of the lasing medium. 3. The intensity of the light emitted. 4. The wavelength of the light emitted. 5. The speed at which the light emitted travels.

I, II and III

Which of these is/are polar molecule(s) with a tetrahedral electron geometry? I. NCl₃ II. H₂O III. CH₃Cl IV. SiH₄

CO₂

Which of these molecules contains two double bonds? 1. PCl₃ 2. N₂ 3. SO₂ 4. H₂O 5. CO₂

None of these.

Which of these molecules will have a linear electron geometry and a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry? 1. PCl₃ 2. H₂O 3. C₂H₂ 4. CH₃Cl 5. None of these.

H₂O

Which of these molecules will have a tetrahedral electron geometry and a bent molecular geometry? 1. PCl₃ 2. H₂O 3. C₂H₂ 4. CH₃Cl 5. SO₂

PCl₃

Which of these molecules will have a tetrahedral electron geometry and a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry? 1. PCl₃ 2. H₂O 3. C₂H₂ 4. CH₃Cl 5. SO₂

II and III

Which of these processes could occur during electronic relaxation? I. Photodecomposition II. Fluorescence III. Emission of heat

NMR utilizes the transitions of hydrogen nuclei while spectroscopy utilizes transitions of electrons.

Which of these statements best describes the difference between traditional spectroscopy and NMR? A. Spectroscopy requires that the sample be in a magnetic field. B. NMR utilizes high energy electromagnetic radiation and spectroscopy does not. C. NMR utilizes the transitions of hydrogen nuclei while spectroscopy utilizes transitions of electrons. D. NMR and spectroscopy are essentially the same. E. Both B and C are correct.

I, III, and IV

Which of these statements is/are true? I. As wavelength increases frequency decreases. II. As energy increases frequency decreases. III. As wavelength increases energy decreases. IV. The product of wavelength and frequency is constant.

VSEPR Theory

Which of these theories is utilized in the prediction of molecular shapes? 1. Dalton's Theory 2. VSEPR Theory 3. Bohr's Atomic Theory 4. Lewis Bonding Theory 5. Einstein's Theory of Relativity