exam 3

ch 29 Identify how the following events limited Carter's ability to be a successful president. (Not all answers will be used.)

- Stagflation: Unemployment and prices rose despite Carter's efforts to reduce taxes and increase spending. - Panama Canal: Republican critics worried that Carter had abandoned the country's national interests. - "Crisis of confidence" Speech: Carter seemed to blame Americans for his own failings as president. - Iranian Hostage Crisis: Carter and America appeared weak on the world stage.

ch26 The novelist Norman Mailer said that the 1950s were "one of the worst decades in the history of man." What does this quotation reveal about postwar American society?

-Correct Answer(s) These words spoke to the wave of criticism among writers and artists who rejected the consumer-driven culture of middle-class America. These words embodied the feelings of many novelists who attacked the uniformity and conformity of suburban life. These words referred to the sameness and mediocrity that Mailer felt plagued American life. -Incorrect Answer(s) These words embodied the criticisms of pacifists who resented Eisenhower's continuous meddling in the affairs of other nations. (Had nothing to do with the quote)

ch26 Identify the factors that were blamed for the rise of teen delinquency during the fifties.

-Correct Answer(s) the emergence of rock 'n' roll as a popular music form, which had the ability to bring together various cultures and races the increased access to the automobile, which provided teenagers greater overall freedom from parental supervision the increased popularity of Elvis Presley, who was said to be leading adolescents in a social revolt -Incorrect Answer(s) the close proximity of suburban homes that enabled teens to congregate and rebel together (this was never mentioned)

ch 27 Complete the passage to describe the experiences of U.S. military forces in Vietnam.

American soldiers experienced great struggle and frustration in Vietnam, many of which stemmed from their lack of training in guerrilla tactics employed by the Viet Cong. The environment also posed a challenge to American soldiers, who were not used to the hot and humid climate and the expanse of thick jungles.

ch26 Which of the following identify the context and significance of this quotation for American foreign policy during Eisenhower's presidency? "We have excited Hungarians for all these years and are now turning our backs on them when they are in a jam."

Correct Answer(s) President Eisenhower spoke these words during the Hungarian revolt out of guilt that U.S. propaganda had encouraged the Hungarians to believe the United States would support their efforts. These words referred to the American pledge to support those countries forced to endure "Communist slavery."

ch 29 How did the breakup of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War influence Bush's foreign policy?

Correct Answer(s) Bush struggled to understand the changing political landscape of the world.

ch 29 Identify the aspects of Carter's personality that limited his success as a president.

Correct Answer(s) Carter failed to inspire the nation and came off as preachy and negative. Carter liked to micromanage. Carter's desire to be a "strong, aggressive president" made it difficult for him to get Congress to pass any of his bills.

ch26 Identify the philosophy and specific policy goals that Eisenhower sought to execute as part of his "dynamic conservatism" program, in which he was "conservative when it comes to money and liberal when it comes to human beings."

Correct Answer(s) He planned to execute a fiscally conservative and socially liberal agenda. He sought to reduce federal regulation of business. Inorrect Answer(s) He sought to increase tax rates on the top 50 percent of Americans. (He sought to lower taxes) He sought to increase defense spending. (He sought to lower spending)

ch 27 Which of these provisions were included in the Economic Opportunity Act that launched the War on Poverty?

Correct Answer(s) Job Corps Head Start Community Action Program

ch 29 How did Reagan gain the support of Christians who were part of the growing "Christian Right"?

Correct Answer(s) Reagan promised to ban abortions. Reagan pledged to restore daily prayer in schools.

ch 29 How did Reagan envision his "peace through strength" strategy succeeding?

Correct Answer(s) Reagan would brand the Soviet Union as the "evil empire." Reagan would increase America's military strength and force the Soviets to try to keep up.

ch26 Identify the ways in which the federal government contributed to the dramatic growth of the postwar American economy.

Correct Answer(s) Research for military efforts helped create thriving new industries. The GI Bill of Rights provided a pathway for social mobility for millions of veterans. The federal government reallocated war-related plants to civilian owners. The federal government provided loans for home buyers and spent a tremendous amount on highways, water, and sanitation that promoted a boom in suburban development.

ch26 Court-ordered integration inspired "massive resistance" among whites, especially in the South. Describe the events that took place as part of this "massive resistance" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, and identify the federal government's response.

Correct Answer(s) The Eisenhower administration sent 1,000 troops to deal with white riots that ensued when nine black students attempted to enter their school building. Some southern politicians called for President Eisenhower's resignation over Little Rock and closed public schools. Massive resistance to court-ordered school integration waned in all but five southern states.

ch 29 How did the Reagan Doctrine modify the containment strategy?

Correct Answer(s) The Reagan Doctrine supported U.S. attempts to outspend the Soviet Union in an arms race. The Reagan Doctrine granted U.S. support to brutal dictatorships in order to oppose Soviet expansion.

ch 29 Identify the legacies of Reaganomics.

Correct Answer(s) The economy prospered for years after Reagan left office. The country was left with a large amount of debt.

ch 29 How did demographic changes make conservative politics more popular?

Correct Answer(s) The number of senior citizens in the United States increased. Americans migrated to conservative Sunbelt states.

ch 27 What was the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, and what piece of misleading information served as its basis?

Correct Answer(s) gave the president unlimited authority in defense of U.S. forces abroad based on Johnson's false account of the Tonkin Gulf incident as a Viet Cong attack

ch26 Identify the changes that took place in American society during the 1950s that are illustrated in this image.

Correct Answer(s) the growth of American consumerism centered on the home television watching becoming the most common American leisure activity

ch 27 Why did the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) send a group of eighteen Freedom Riders to New Orleans by public bus?

Correct Answer(s) to integrate buses and trains to "test" the federal court ruling that banned racial segregation on buses, on trains, and in terminals to draw the attention of the Kennedy administration to the cause of civil rights in the South

ch 27 What were the achievements of the Immigration and Nationality Service Act of 1965, and how did it impact U.S. demographics in the 1960s?

Correct Answer(s) abolished discriminatory quotas based on national origin imposed visa ceilings based on hemisphere of origin led to an influx of Asian and Latin American immigrants

Ch 27 How did the Tet offensive affect civilian perceptions of the U.S. war effort in Vietnam?

Correct Answer(s) contradicted consistently optimistic claims by military leaders about the war caused a significant decline in civilian support for the war

ch 29 Complete the passage to describe the extent to which a "Reagan Revolution" occurred.

Despite Reagan's pledges to reduce the size of the federal government, the amount of federal employees increased under Reagan's watch, and he never succeeded in abolishing federal agencies or cutting spending on Social Security. Furthermore, he never fulfilled his campaign promises to ban abortions and restore daily prayer in public schools. Nevertheless, his popularity and the economic resurgence that happened during his presidency helped his anti-government and anti-tax agenda dominate the nation's politics for the next twenty years.

ch 27 Complete this passage about Kennedy and the issue of civil rights.

Despite various legislative achievements, such as the Peace Corps and the Alliance for Progress, Kennedy was much less active in engaging with conservative southern Democrats on the issue of racial equality. In spite of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, much of the South still remained segregated and unequal. The activism of civil rights advocates forced Kennedy to take a stronger stand in favor of the civil rights movement.

ch 27 Kennedy's response to the deteriorating South Vietnamese government of Premier Diem changed over the course of his presidency. Place the following events in chronological order.

Diem establishes his anti-Communist regime in South Vietnam. Diem attempts unsuccessfully to repress the Communists and Buddhist majority. Kennedy increases the number of U.S. troops as "advisers" in Vietnam. Anti-Diem demonstrations ignite widespread turmoil in Vietnam. Kennedy supports the coup of rebel Vietnamese generals. Rebel Vietnamese generals murder Diem and seize the government.

ch 26 Where was Eisenhower successful in handling foreign crises?

East Germany, Egypt

ch26 T/F Eisenhower Doctrine established an isolationist attitude when it came to US involvement in the Middle East.

False (it actually provided a means of US military support in the middle east)

ch26 Complete the passage describing a crucial factor that contributed to the postwar economic boom.

In the years after the war, Americans engaged in a spree of consumption.The invention of credit cards made consumerism easier. This period was different from past economic booms in that it improved the standard of living for hourly laborers and allowed many blue-collar workers to enter the middle class.

ch 27 Place the following key events of 1968 in chronological order.

Johnson announces he is not seeking reelection. Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated. Senator Robert Kennedy is assassinated. Riots erupt at the Democratic National Convention of 1968. Richard Nixon wins the presidency.

ch 27 Complete the passage to describe Medicare and Medicaid.

Medicare is a federal program that provides health insurance for senior citizens. Medicaid is a federal program that provides coverage of medical costs for the poor.

ch26 Complete the passage to describe the Suez crisis that occurred in the Middle East during the Eisenhower administration.

Nasser's rise to power in Egypt created tensions in the region as his regime urged the British to withdraw from the Suez Canal. The United States supported this insistence, but Nasser's attempts to acquire weapons from the Soviet Union further complicated the U.S.-Egyptian relationship. Eisenhower offered to fund a crucial dam for Nasser; however, increased trade between Egypt and the Soviet Union led the administration to rescind the offer. This prompted Nasser to occupy the Suez Canal and deny access to ships headed to Israel, resulting in an Israeli, British, and French invasion of Egypt.

ch 29 How did Gorbachev's policies signal the end of the Cold War?

Perestroika restructured the economy in an effort to supply goods and services to the Soviet people. Glasnost made the Soviet economy more open. Gorbachev limited Soviet imperialism and sought better relations with the United States.

ch 29 What steps did Reagan take to end the Cold War? Place the events leading up to the end of the Cold War in chronological order.

Reagan begins a massive military buildup. Reagan authorizes the development of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). Reagan calls for Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall. The United States and the Soviet Union sign the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.

ch 29 Complete the passage to describe what the election of 1980 indicated about the changing political landscape of the United States.

Reagan won a large victory over Carter. He convinced many southern Democrats to switch to the Republican party. His victory also meant the religious right had more power in American politics.

ch 29 Why did HIV/AIDS become such a significant problem in the United States?

Reagan's advisers encouraged him not to address the problem.

ch 29 Complete the passage to describe the ultimate effect of Reagan's tax cuts on the economy.

Reagan's tax cuts encouraged increased spending from consumers. They also increased the federal debt and nearly led the country into a recession.

ch 27 Place the following civil rights efforts and accomplishments in chronological order.

Student activists form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee to work toward integration. The assaults on Freedom Riders bring integration to the nation's attention. The Interstate Commerce Commission requires interstate transportation facilities to integrate. James Meredith attempts to enroll at the University of Mississippi. Martin Luther King Jr. writes his "Letter from Birmingham Jail." Kennedy announces his intention to pass a significant new civil rights bill.

ch 27 t/ Nixon's victory in the election of 1968 was the result of the nation's desire to "peace with honor" in Vietnam.

TRUE

ch 27 T/F Kennedy's New Frontier domestic program included increased federal aid to education, medical insurance for the elderly, and anti-poverty initiatives—three major proposals that were all blocked in Congress.

TRUE

ch 27 T/F According to President Kennedy, "The civil rights movement owes Bull Connor as much as it owes Abraham Lincoln." The nonviolent confrontation tactics employed by the civil rights movement were effective in drawing public attention to segregation in the South.

TRUE (Connor, the head of the all-white police force in Birmingham, Alabama, provided the horrific scenes of police using attack dogs, tear gas, electric cattle prods, and fire hoses on nonviolent protesters. Such images propelled a bipartisan majority in Congress to support national legislation to end segregation and voting disenfranchisement in the South.)

ch 27 Complete this passage about the legacy of Johnson's Great Society.

The Great Society and War on Poverty were not the sweeping successes Johnson had envisioned. The Vietnam War was partially responsible for draining funds from the programs. Lasting achievements were Medicare and Medicaid, which remain popular and effective today, as well as the significant decrease in the number of elderly Americans in poverty. Johnson's programs provoked bitterness among the middle class, triggering a conservative backlash and drastically altering the public's expectations of the federal government.

ch26 Complete the passage to describe the events that made up the Montgomery bus boycott.

The Montgomery bus boycott displayed the courageous acts of individual African Americans struggling for racial justice. The boycott began with the refusal of Rosa Parks to relinquish her seat on a public bus to a white passenger, an act of nonviolent civil disobedience for which she was subsequently arrested. This event unified the black community, and for over a year, African Americans employed alternative means of transportation as a revolt against the public bus system. This triggered tremendous resentment among the white community. Many boycott leaders endured physical and verbal abuse for their actions, while some were even victims of home bombings by Ku Klux Klan members.

ch 27 Why did the CIA operation at the Bay of Pigs fail?

The United States did not deploy its warplanes to provide aerial support to the invasion. The operation did not inspire a large group of anti-Communist rebels in Cuba to join the fighting.

ch 27 Place the following events of Kennedy's presidency in chronological order.

The United States installs nuclear missiles along the Soviet border in Turkey. Soviets secretly install nuclear missiles in Cuba. U.S. spy planes photograph Soviet missile sites in Cuba. The United States establishes a naval quarantine of Cuba. Soviet ships do not challenge the U.S. naval quarantine of Cuba. The United States publicly agrees not to invade Cuba.

ch 27 Complete this passage about the foundation for Johnson's War on Poverty.

The crux of the War on Poverty was the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, which initiated eleven new programs to be administered by the Office of Economic Opportunity. Among these community-based initiatives were Job Corps, which offered a training program for inner-city youth, and Head Start, which provided educational resources for preschoolers in low-income families. The Volunteers in Service to America sent volunteers to urban spaces to fight poverty.

ch 26 Complete the passage to describe a popular social group that emerged in the fifties.

The fifties witnessed the emergence of a rebellious group of artists and writers who rejected the consumerism and conformity of middle-class life. These young individuals known as Beats sought an authentic sense of self and pursued originality in both art and life. Their attitudes toward women were often sexist, and they took an individualistic approach to their needs and problems.

ch26 Complete the passage to describe the housing revolution that took place in America during the postwar economic boom.

The shortage of housing within cities incentivized the development of housing communities for an expanding middle class of predominantly white Americans. As a wave of black southerners migrated north to cities, an increasing number of white Americans chose suburbia. The construction of identical homes, such as those in Levittowns, promoted the principles of uniformity and conformity. The continuing struggle for racial equality was embodied in these developments as restrictions continued to plague African Americans seeking housing.

ch 29 Complete the passage to describe how Reagan's presidency influenced liberal ideas and institutions.

Under Reagan, the AFL-CIO lost much of its political power as Reagan did not support unions. Additionally, feminism faced setbacks as Reagan opposed the Equal Rights Amendment.

ch 27 What was the Bay of Pigs and how did it plan to restrict the spread of communism?

a strategic invasion of Cuba intended to spark a wider native Cuban rebellion against Castro a secret CIA operation to overthrow dictator Fidel Castro an American initiative to train anti-Castro Cubans

ch 29 Which of the following economic actions by President Reagan contributed to the massive expansion of the national debt in the 1980s?

broad tax cuts to individuals and corporations the continuation of federal subsidies to corporations and agribusiness large increases in military spending

ch 27 What was Johnson's initial approach to the war in Vietnam?

continue his predecessors' strategy of minimum involvement

ch 29 t/f As president, Reagan convinced Congress to significantly reduce spending for many social welfare programs, as he had promised to do as a candidate.

false

ch 27 Match each Great Society and War on Poverty initiative to its description.

initially devised to aid farmers, helped the poor afford groceries and improve their nutrition--Food Stamp Act created scholarships for poor students, reduced student loan interest rates---Higher Education Act funded anti-poverty programs in remote mountain areas---Appalachian Regional Development Act provided development funds for cities, helped poor families afford their rent---Housing and Urban Development Act

ch 27 In 1964, Malcolm X stated, "You show me a black man who isn't an extremist and I'll show you one who needs psychiatric attention." What tactics and philosophies was he directly challenging in this statement?

the philosophy of nonviolence and integration that he had propelled the civil rights movement through the mid-1960s