Exam 4

22. Asexual reproduction in hornworts occurs through which of the following? A. gemmae B. buds C. rhizomes D. fragmentation or separation of lobes from the thallus E. All of these answers are correct.

D. fragmentation or separation of lobes from the thallus

27. The fleshy seed of the _____________ is considered a delicacy in Oriental cuisine. A. stone pine B. pinyon pine C. Pacific yew D. ginkgo E. juniper

D. ginkgo

20. Which of the following bryophytes has a sporophyte with a meristem just above the foot? A. "leafy" liverworts B. thalloid liverworts C. peat mosses D. hornworts E. rock mosses

D. hornworts

21. The bryophytes whose sporophytes have a central rodlike axis surrounded by spore mother cells above a basal meristem are A. peat mosses. B. true mosses. C. bog mosses. D. hornworts. E. liverworts.

D. hornworts.

13. The leaves of spike mosses and quillworts have an appendage called a A. stipule. B. bract. C. gland. D. ligule. E. lobe.

D. ligule.

17. The specific cells of pines that develop into pollen grains are A. sperms. B. megaspores. C. nucellus cells. D. microspores. E. eggs.

D. microspores.

7. Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts all A. have stomata. B. produce plants of separate sexes. C. have meristems. D. produce spores. E. reproduce asexually by means of gemmae.

D. produce spores.

37. The fern gametophyte is typically _____________________. A. large and long-lived B. nonphotosynthetic and saprobic C. attached to the sporophyte D. small and photosynthetic E. used in landscaping

D. small and photosynthetic

29. In ferns an annulus is directly and intimately associated with a/an A. frond. B. rhizome. C. adventitious root. D. sporangium. E. prothallus.

D. sporangium.

16. Lycopods produce sporangia which are produced on the upper surface of modified leaves termed A. gametophylls. B. microphylls. C. enations. D. sporophylls. E. megaphylls.

D. sporophylls.

40. Early explorers in North America found numbers of pines stripped of their bark by Native Americans. The primary reason Native Americans did this was A. they wanted the bark for fuel. B. they were tapping the resin for various uses. C. they were trying to kill bark borer beetles. D. they used the phloem for food. E. they used the bark for shelter thatching.

D. they used the phloem for food.

37. Naval stores is a general term given to A. amber. B. dammar. C. fence posts made of conifer wood. D. turpentine and rosin. E. decay-resistant wood used for building sailing ships.

D. turpentine and rosin.

11. Which of the following is NOT associated with conifers? A. hypodermis B. resin canals C. albuminous cells D. vessel elements and fibers E. soft wood

D. vessel elements and fibers

34. Which of the following groups of gymnosperms have vessels in their wood? A. gnetophytes (Division Gnetophyta) B. conifers (Division Coniferophyta) C. Ginkgoes (Division Ginkgophyta) D. Cycads (Division Cycadophyta) E. All of these answers are correct.

A. gnetophytes (Division Gnetophyta)

16. Liverworts and hornworts are members of the A. bryophytes. B. Basidiomycetes. C. Deuteromycetes. D. lichens. E. vascular plants.

A. bryophytes.

9. The so-called fern allies (relatives of ferns) include several divisions of plants related to ferns. Which of the following belongs to this group? A. club mosses B. hornworts C. liverworts D. tree ferns E. lichens

A. club mosses

3. The transition from an aquatic environment to a terrestrial environment required the development of _______________, which kept plants from drying out when exposed to air. A. cuticle B. photosynthesis C. sexual reproduction D. flagellated, motile cells E. cell division

A. cuticle

20. Two of the original four cells in a pine pollen grain enter a pollen tube; one of these two, which after division eventually gives rise to sperms, is the A. generative cell. B. sterile cell. C. tube cell. D. nucellar cell. E. spermatogenous cell.

A. generative cell

25. A moss protonema A. has the n number of chromosomes in each cell. B. is a part of the sporophyte generation. C. produces gametes. D. is saprophytic like a fungus. E. produces spores.

A. has the n number of chromosomes in each cell.

36. Edible or otherwise useful gymnosperms do not include A. horsetails. B. cycads. C. Ephedra (joint fir). D. ginkgoes. E. kauri pines.

A. horsetails.

28. The semi-transparent tissue that protects immature sporangia in many ferns is called a/an A. indusium. B. jacket. C. sporophyll. D. soral coat. E. sorus.

A. indusium.

28. The ginkgo is frequently mistaken for an angiosperm tree because ___________. A. it has broad, fan-shaped deciduous leaves. B. it is woody C. it is grown as an ornamental D. it is grown as a street tree E. All of the above

A. it has broad, fan-shaped deciduous leaves.

11. Sporophylls are A. leaves that bear sporangia. B. insects that consume spores. C. special spores of quillworts. D. photosynthetic sporangia. E. spore mother cells of horsetails.

A. leaves that bear sporangia.

32. The one or two rows of teeth that play a role in the release of spores from a moss capsule constitute the A. peristome. B. sporophyte. C. gametophyte. D. operculum. E. calyptra.

A. peristome

11. Each diamond-shaped segment of a liverwort thallus contains a single A. pore. B. pair of guard cells. C. chloroplast. D. starch grain. E. hydathode.

A. pore

31. In ferns, meiosis occurs in this structure. A. sporangium B. gametophyte C. frond D. rhizome E. sporophyte

A. sporangium

Houses DNA(organelle)

Nucleus

What green algae is epiphytic, and contains large, swollen reproductive cells?

Oedogonium

The type of sexual reproduction seen in Oedogonium is called

oogamy

The alga Oedogonium hs large swollen cells where eggs are housed. These cells are called

oogonia

During sexual reproduction in Spirogyra, adjacent filaments for dome-shaped bumps called

papillae

A (blank) is a scientist that studies algae

phycologist

free-floating aquatic organisms that are mostly microscopic and make up the beginnings of food chains are called (blank)

plankton

When a semi viscous slime mold is in its active form, it is seen as "flowing". This flowing form is referred to as a (blank)

plasmodium

Why is water the preferable environment for eukaryotic organisms?

protection from desiccation, protections from large fluctuations in temp., absorption of nutrients, and protection from UV radiation

A sudden multiplication of dinoflagellates which causes a distinct color in the water is called (blank) (blank)

red tide

A multicellular seaweed with isomorphic blades

sea lettuce

Used in space exploration

Chlorella

What types of accessory chlorophylls are present in diatoms?

Chlorophyll C1 & C2

7. A seed consists of the integument, nutritive tissue, nucellus, and ____________. A. pollen grain B. fruit C. integument D. embryo E. All of the above

D. embryo

Free-floating, unicellular, mostly elliptical cells

Desmids

(Blank) earth is heavily used in many industries for filtration.

Diatomaceous

41. _______________ are an excellent place to find fossils of ferns and fern allies. A. Volcanic deposits B. Limestone rocks C. Diatomaceous earth D. Sandstone rocks E. Coal mines

E. coal mines

15. Pine leaf fascicles (clusters) usually A. remain for most of the life of the tree. B. are angular on all sides. C. all fall off, a few at a time, every growing season. D. consist of four to eight leaves or needles in all except one or two species. E. fall off within two to five years of their maturing.

E. fall off within two to five years of their maturing

1. The first plants to produce seeds looked very much like A. mosses. B. horsetails. C. pines. D. quillworts. E. ferns.

E. ferns

19. The structure of pines that develops into a seed coat is a/an A. sporophyll. B. nucellus. C. megasporangium. D. pollen chamber. E. integument.

E. integument.

19. In the plant kingdom, the gametophyte plant produces gametangia, which is the site of ________ to produce gametes. A. cell division B. sexual reproduction C. meiosis D. sporangia E. mitosis

E. mitosis

6. Bryophytes A. have xylem and phloem. B. all have relatively tiny "leaves." C. produce their gametes in single-celled sex organs. D. are mostly parasites of other plants. E. need water present to undergo sexual reproduction.

E. need water present to undergo sexual reproduction.

35. Which of the following bryophytes are generally edible? A. rock mosses B. true mosses C. peat mosses D. liverworts E. None of these answers are correct.

E. none of these answers are correct

24. A moss calyptra A. has cells with 2n chromosomes. B. functions primarily in directly covering the peristome. C. is photosynthetic at maturity. D. is always present as the spores are released. E. originates with the archegonium.

E. originates with the archegonium.

39. Botanists who study fossil plant materials in their research are known as A. spelunkers. B. plant historians. C. phycologists. D. geobotanists. E. paleobotanists.

E. paleobotanists

27. A moss protonema A. has diploid cells. B. develops archegonia and antheridia. C. produces paraphyses. D. develops from a spore mother cell. E. produces "leafy" buds.

E. produces "leafy" buds.

14. A fundamental distinction between club mosses (Lycopodium) and spike mosses (Selaginella) involves differences in their A. roots. B. stems. C. habitats. D. chlorophyll. E. spores.

E. spores

17. The common name for ground pines is based on the appearance of the ___________, which is an evergreen stem running along the surface of the solid. A. megaphylls B. gametophyte C. sporophylls D. cones and seed E. sporophyte

E. sporophyte

5. The gametophytes of which of the following are saprobic? A. club mosses B. horsetails C. quillworts D. true mosses E. whisk ferns

E. whisk ferns

3. Enations are small, flattened green protuberances found on the stems of A. club mosses. B. horsetails. C. quillworts. D. true mosses. E. whisk ferns.

E. whisk ferns.

Uses of align?

Food products such as ice cream, paper manufacturing, and drug suspensions

Cellular slime molds can form a large clumping mass call a(n) (blank), which resembles and crawls like a garden slug.

Pseudoplamodium

Synthesis of starch(organelle)

Pyrenoid

41. Bryophyte zygotes develop into embryos. True False

TRUE

44. An operculum is a part of the sporophyte generation of a moss. True False

TRUE

45. The sporophytes of common thalloid liverworts develop suspended above the thallus in or on gametophores. True False

TRUE

46. Hornworts reproduce asexually as a result of lobes of the thallus becoming separated. True False

TRUE

48. A paraphysis is a sterile hair found in mosses. True False

TRUE

49. Zygotes of members of the Plant Kingdom develop into embryos. True False

TRUE

53. "Peat" is a product derived from the dead parts of a moss. True False

TRUE

54. Leptoids are specialized food conducting cells in some mosses that resemble sieve elements. True False

TRUE

57. Mosses and liverworts produce embryos that are contained in the archegonium. True False

TRUE

58. A peat moss can absorb water many times its weight. True False

TRUE

The multicellular "body" form where no cure leaves, stems or roots exist

Thallus

Characteristics found in both algae and land plants

a cell plate during cytokinesis, a phragmoplast during mitosis, parenchyma cells, and production of lignin or lignin-like compounds

A chlamydomonas alga that has a diploid zygote and produces zoospores through meiotic ell division is undergoing (blank) reproduction.

sexual

A (blank) (blank) is a simple organism that moves like a pulsating amoeba but resembles a fungus when reproducing.

slime mold

A gelatinous substance called (blank), is produced by red algae and is often used as a culture medium particularly for bacteria.

agar

The alga Oedogonium has short, box-like cells where sperm are made. These cells are called

antheridia

Gas-filled floats

Bladder

Osmoregulation(organelle)

Contractile vacuoles

The conspicuous, flattened and leaf-like part of a seaweed

Blade

The most striking feature of the green alga Spirogyra are the spiraled

chloroplasts

Spirogyra reproduces asexually by a process called

fragmentation

Vaucheria is a yellow-green alga, with a specialized pigment called

fucoxanthin

in the diploid part of the Fucus life cycle, (blank), found within the conceptacles, are the structures where gametes are produced.

gametangia

The chemical found in both algae and land plants, that functions in the mechanical strength of cell walls is called

lignin

A fungal-like protist that causes late blight of potato disease, and can be found on infected aquarium fish are the (blank) (blank)

water mold

What is the common name used for the members of the phylum Oomycota?

water molds

What common names are algae that are included in the phylum Chromophyta?

yellow-green algae, golden-brown algae, diatoms, and brown algae

many algae, including Chlamydomonas, undergo sexual reproduction and produce swimming, haploid (blank) after meiosis

zoospores

According to the fossil record, how long ago did green algae begin transitioning from water to land?

400 million years ago

35. Primitive plants, which are believed to be the ancestors of present-day ferns, appeared during which of the following geological periods? A. Devonian B. Carboniferous C. Ordovician D. Permian E. Cretaceous

A. Devonian

19. Which of the following is considered to be a likely ancestor of the club mosses? A. Zosterophyllum B. Psilotum C. Tmesipteris D. Equisetum E. Isoetes

A. Zosterophyllum

14. The pores and cavities of the thalli of liverworts are filled with A. air. B. mucilage. C. nitrogen-fixing blue-green bacteria. D. food-storage cells. E. reproductive cells.

A. air.

33. Joint firs (Ephedra), which superficially resemble horsetails, A. are somewhat shrubby inhabitants of drier regions. B. are confined to temperate deserts in southwestern Africa. C. have photosynthetic leaves. D. are in the same division as cycads. E. produce male and female reproductive structures in the same strobili.

A. are somewhat shrubby inhabitants of drier regions

36. The ability of peat mosses to absorb water and their antiseptic qualities led to their use as ________ by early people. A. bandages B. cloth C. packing for shipping D. food E. All of the above were early uses of peat mosses.

A. bandages

18. Living spike mosses and quillworts produce ______________, a reproductive feature referred to as ________. A. two types of spores; heterospory B. one type of spore; monospory C. large leaves; megaphylly D. nonflagellated sperm cells; motile reproduction E. woody stems; arboreal

A. two types of spores; heterospory

15. The flattened appendages whose presence is hidden, when viewed from above, by two rows of partially overlapping "leaves" in "leafy" liverworts are called A. underleaves. B. flattened appendages. C. plano-enations. D. plattblatter. E. plattefeuilles.

A. underleaves.

43. The chief source of newsprint in North America is A. white spruce. B. red cedar. C. eastern and western white pines. D. sitka spruce. E. balsam fir.

A. white spruce.

6. With the exception of a few woody vines, all gymnosperms are __________________. A. woody trees or shrubs B. herbaceous C. parasitic on flowering plants D. seed-producing E. flower-producing

A. woody trees or shrubs

(blank) is widely used in scientific laboratories around the world to solidify media for the growth of microorganisms

Agar

1. What features vary amongst the members of the Kingdom Protista?

Motility, mode of nutrition, multicellular, and life cycles

35. Which of the following is NOT a gnetophyte? A. Ephedra B. Podocarpus C. Welwitschia D. Gnetum E. joint fir

B. Podocarpus

10. The spores of which of the following were used at one time for flashlight powder in photography and the theater? A. ferns B. club mosses C. true mosses D. quillworts E. horsetails

B. club mosses

24. Western North America contains populations of the tallest, most massive and oldest of the gymnosperms living. They are: _________________. A. California gum tree, elephant tree and creosote B. coastal redwood, giant redwood and bristlecone pine C. bald cypress, red pine and jack pine D. Zamia, red cedar and dawn redwood E. None of these

B. coastal redwood, giant redwood and bristlecone pine

16. Albuminous cells of pines apparently perform the same function as A. tracheids. B. companion cells. C. laticifers. D. vessel elements. E. parenchyma cells.

B. companion cells.

31. Although most seed plant groups have nonmotile sperm, this group reproduces with motile sperm. A. pines B. cycads C. spruces D. flowering plants E. firs

B. cycads

13. Meiosis occurs in pines in the microsporangia and in the A. micropyle. B. developing ovule. C. pollen grains. D. nucellus. E. egg.

B. developing ovule

13. Structures with spiral thickenings produced within a liverwort capsule, and which facilitate the release of spores, are A. gemmae. B. elaters. C. spore mother cells. D. spiroids. E. spore-ejectors.

B. elaters.

32. A favorite growing medium for orchid growers comes from A. fern fronds. B. fern "bark." C. dried club mosses. D. dried horsetail stems. E. quillwort leaves.

B. fern "bark."

1. Ancient land plants are thought to be derived from A. brown algae. B. green algae. C. cyanobacteria. D. bacteria. E. bryophytes.

B. green algae

23. Chloroplast number and the presence of pyrenoids in each chloroplast indicate that _______ are only distantly related to the other bryophyte groups. A. leafy liverworts B. hornworts C. peat mosses D. thalloid liverworts E. bog mosses

B. hornworts

28. Food-conducting cells present in some mosses are known as A. hydroids. B. leptoids. C. sieve cells. D. sieve-tube elements. E. tracheoids.

B. leptoids.

15. A spike moss microspore has the potential to develop into which of the following? A. female gametophyte B. male gametophyte C. sporophyte D. protonema E. None of these answers are correct.

B. male gametophyte

27. Leaves with more than one vein and a leaf trace are generally classified as A. compound leaves. B. megaphylls. C. simple leaves. D. pinnate leaves. E. microphylls.

B. megaphylls.

18. In the plant kingdom, the sporophyte plant produces sporangia, which is the site of _________ to produce spores. A. gametangia B. meiosis C. mitosis D. cell division E. sexual reproduction

B. meiosis

14. In pines a pollen grain reaches the nucellus via the A. archegonium. B. micropyle. C. pollen tube. D. embryo. E. megasporangium

B. micropyle

26. The phylum Gingophyta is represented by _________ living species. A. three genera and 30 B. one C. approximately 100, primarily north of the equator D. approximately 90, primarily in the tropics E. zero

B. one

31. Which of the following are the sterile hairs scattered among moss archegonia and antheridia? A. rhizoids B. paraphyses C. mycorrhizae D. moss processes E. None of these answers are correct.

B. paraphyses

40. Uncompressed rocklike fossils in which the original cell structure has been preserved are A. molds. B. petrifactions. C. casts. D. unaltered fossils. E. imprints.

B. petrifactions.

3. The term gymnosperm refers to A. plants with exceptionally active sperms. B. plants whose seeds are produced out in the open (as opposed to being enclosed within a structure). C. plants whose seeds are enclosed within woody layers. D. plants whose sperms must migrate through looped tubes to reach the eggs. E. all plants that do not produce flowers.

B. plants whose seeds are produced out in the open (as opposed to being enclosed within a structure).

24. The substance in horsetail stems that makes them suitable for scouring is A. magnesium salts. B. silica. C. calcium carbonate .D. table salt. E. potassium chloride.

B. silica

8. Archegoniophores and antheridiophores are features of A. hornworts. B. thalloid liverworts. C. dung mosses. D. peat mosses. E. "leafy" liverworts.

B. thalloid liverworts.

7. Which of the following has neither true leaves nor true roots? A. club mosses (Lycopodium) B. whisk ferns (Psilotum) C. spike mosses (Selaginella) D. horsetails (Equisetum) E. ferns

B. whisk ferns (Psilotum)

9. The one-celled anchoring structures present on the lower surface of a thalloid liverwort are A. roots. B. rhizines. C. rhizoids. D. mycorrhizae. E. trichomes.

C. rhizoids.

17. ___________ is a common thalloid liverwort. A. Anthoceros B. Mnium C. Marchantia D. Equisetum E. Psilotum

C. Marchantia

25. Living conifers (genus Pinus) are native to ____________________. A. Australia B. Southern Hemisphere C. Northern Hemisphere D. Central and South America E. all continents except Antarctica

C. Northern Hemisphere

8. Which of the following is NOT a phylum of gmynosperms? A. Pinophyta B. Ginkgophyta C. Polypodiophyta D. Gnetophyta E. Cycadophyta

C. Polypodiophyta

33. Which pair of plants is placed in the same division? A. Selaginella and Tmesipteris B. Isoetes and Psilotum C. Psilotum and Tmesipteris D. Lycopodium and Equisetum E. Lycopodium and Psilotum

C. Psilotum and Tmesipteris

21. Which of the following is an aril? A. nutritive tissue surrounding the female gametophyte of conifers B. an alternate name for a pine needle C. a fleshy cuplike covering surrounding the ovule of a yew D. a light, airy seed E. All of these answers are correct.

C. a fleshy cuplike covering surrounding the ovule of a yew

2. After fertilization the integument of gymnosperms becomes A. a fruit. B. an embryo. C. a seed coat. D. nutritive tissue. E. an ovule.

C. a seed coat

30. The antheridia of ferns are usually located A. around the apical notch of the prothallus. B. within a sorus on a frond. C. among the rhizoids on the prothallus. D. in the axils of rhizome scales. E. around the margins of the prothallus.

C. among the rhizoids on the prothallus.

18. The female gametophyte of pines usually contains two to six A. pollen grains. B. integument cells. C. archegonia. D. micropyles. E. pollen chambers.

C. archegonia.

12. In nature asexual propagation of ground pines (Lycopodium) may take place by means of which of the following? A. gemmae B. root divisions C. bulbils D. corms E. cladophylls

C. bulbils

5. A strobilus (pl. strobili) is ________________________. A. an asexual reproductive structure B. part of the gymnosperm gametophyte C. compact, spirally-arranged group of sporophylls D. found in liverworts E. found in flowering plants

C. compact, spirally-arranged group of sporophylls

23. This is the largest group of living gymnosperms, comprising about 50 genera and 550 species. A. cycads B. gnetophytes C. conifers D. ginkgos E. none of these answers are correct

C. conifers

32. Most gymnosperms are wind pollinated. The exception is the __________, where pollen is transferred from microsporangiate strobili to megasporangiate strobili by beetles. A. pines B. joint firs C. cycads D. juniper E. redwood

C. cycads

4. Whisk ferns produce sporangia on the upper surface of leaf-like flaps of tissue called _________. A. gametophylls B. microphylls C. enations D. sporophylls E. megaphylls

C. enations

39. Pine wood is said to be soft because of the absence of A. knots. B. silica. C. fibers. D. a hypodermis .E. collenchyma.

C. fibers

26. Which of the following moss sporophyte structures has the most direct contact with the gametophyte? A. operculum B. peristome C. foot D. sporangium E. seta

C. foot

26. Archegonia and antheridia are structures where _____________ are produced. A. spores B. elaters C. gametes D. sporoctyes E. peristomes

C. gametes

5. Bryophytes have an alternation of generations in which the _____ is the dominant generation, unlike vascular plants where the _____ is the dominant generation. A. sporophyte; gametophyte B. gametophyte; haplophyte C. gametophyte; sporophyte D. sporophyte; diplophyte E. sporophyte; sporophyte

C. gametophyte; sporophyte

12. Which of the following are the lens-shaped pieces of tissue that are produced in cups on a liverwort thallus and become detached to develop independently? A. "leaves" B. buds C. gemmae D. protonemata E. None of these answers are correct.

C. gemmae

25. Cannel coal is fossilized A. fern spores. B. fern stems. C. horsetail and club moss spores. D. horsetail stems. E. club moss stems.

C. horsetail and club moss spores.

20. Carinal and vallecular canals are found in the stems of A. true ferns. B. club mosses and ground pines. C. horsetails. D. quillworts. E. whisk ferns.

C. horsetails

2. A unique feature of plants in the plant kingdom that is NOT shared with the green algae is _____. A. chlorophyll a and b B. cell walls primarily of cellulose C. multicellular gametangia D. primary food reserve stored as starch E. All of the features above are found in both the plant kingdom and green algae.

C. multicellular gametangia

34. From an economic perspective the most important bryophytes are the A. liverworts. B. rock mosses. C. peat mosses. D. hornworts. E. true mosses.

C. peat mosses.

33. Which of the following structures is NOT found in all bryophytes? A. archegonium B. antheridium C. peristome D. zygotes E. spore mother cells

C. peristome

9. In the life cycle of a typical conifer (e.g., a pine) A. pollen is produced in woody cones. B. pollen is produced in inconspicuous flowers. C. seeds are produced in woody cones. D. the pollen tube grows down through the style to reach the archegonium. E. there are two integuments surrounding the embryo sac.

C. seeds are produced in woody cones

30. Which of the following is common to both ginkgoes and pines? A. flagella on the sperms B. broad leaves C. soft wood D. male and female trees E. antheridia

C. soft wood

34. Bryophytes, ferns and fern allies all require _________________ for sexual reproduction because the sperm cells ______________. A. pollinators; depend on animals for distribution B. wind currents; depend on wind for gamete distribution C. surface water; swim to the egg cell D. dry conditions; must be dry before they fertilize egg cells E. None of the above

C. surface water; swim to the egg cell

21. Which of the following are the air tubes located within horsetail (Equisetum) stems between the ribs? A. central canals B. carinal canals C. vallecular canals D. aerenchyma canals E. None of these answers are correct.

C. vallecular canals

30. The egg of a moss is produced within a cavity called a A. ductlet. B. vacuole. C. venter. D. capsule. E. sporangium.

C. venter

8. Within the seedless vascular plant group, the relationship of ______________ to the ferns and other fern allies is unresolved. A. tree ferns B. flowering plants C. whisk ferns D. hornworts E. liverworts

C. whisk ferns

42. Which of the following is favored for making archery bows and longbows? A. junipers B. cedars C. yews D. hemlocks E. spruces

C. yews

What phylum name would be used to refer to the green algae?

Chlorophyta

Light capturing(organelle)

Chloroplasts

A multinucleate alga that can be found in both fresh and marine environments

Cladophora

38. The fossilized dungs of prehistoric animals and humans are called A. compressions. B. petrifactions. C. casts. D. coprolites. E. molds.

D. coprolites.

38. Conifers (Division Coniferophyta) date back to the A. Devonian period. B. Permian period. C. Triassic period. D. Carboniferous period. E. Silurian period.

D. Carboniferous period.

38. Which of the following is used commercially as a soil conditioner? A. Marchantia B. Mnium C. Cladonia D. Sphagnum E. Polytrichum

D. Sphagnum

12. A feature or structure not found in a pine life cycle includes A. the production of two different kinds of spores. B. pollen grains that frequently have a pair of external air sacs. C. nutritive tissue (nucellus) for the gametophyte. D. antheridia. E. egg and sperm.

D. antheridia

10. Growth in a thalloid liverwort is brought about by division of cells located A. at the rear of the thallus. B. underneath the thallus. C. along the margins of the thallus. D. at the apical notch. E. along the polygonal segments.

D. at the apical notch.

29. Which of the following is common to both cycads and pines? A. leaf form and size B. flagella present on the sperms C. male and female strobili produced on separate plants D. both megaspores and microspores produced E. None of these answers are correct.

D. both megaspores and microspores produced

6. Which of the following probably did NOT occur when a shift from aquatic to terrestrial habitats took place millions of years ago? A. sterile jackets of cells developed around gametangia B. embryos developed within protective tissues C. a cuticle appeared D. chlorophyll appeared E. All of these answers are correct.

D. chlorophyll appeared

Algal phyla water starch is the main food reserve

Dinophyta, Charophyta, and Chlorophyta

10. Which of the following structures or features is/are a part of pine needles (leaves)? A. resin canals B. a hypodermis C. a thick cuticle D. sunken stomata E. All of these are correct.

E. all of these are correct

2. One of the significant adaptations to prevent drying out in the land environment was the development by vascular plants of (a) A. leaf system. B. cuticle. C. stomata. D. flowering system. E. both [cuticle and stomata] are correct.

E. both [cuticle and stomata] are correct.

4. Vascular plants include both seed-producing and seedless groups. Which of the following represents a significant adaptive benefit for seed-producing plants? A. a protective seed coat surrounding the embryo B. a supply of food C. ability to remain dormant D. ability to survive extreme drought E. All of the above

E. All of the above

37. Peat mosses are currently harvested and used ______________. A. as soil additives to increase water retention B. as soil additives to increase soil acidity C. as packing material for live specimens D. in the production of Scotch whiskey E. All of the above are current uses for peat mosses.

E. All of the above are current uses for peat mosses.

22. Which of the following gymnosperms have fleshy seeds? A. podocarpsB. California nutmegC. yewD. ginkgoE. All of these answers are correct.

E. All of these answers are correct.

23. Which of the following unrelated structures function according to changes in humidity? A. elaters of liverworts B. elaters of horsetails C. moss peristomes D. None of these answers are correct. E. All of these answers are correct.

E. All of these answers are correct.

29. Which of the following do "leaves" of mosses lack? A. stomata B. petioles C. mesophyll D. veins E. All of these answers are correct.

E. All of these answers are correct.

41. Conifer resins are a source of which of the following? A. turpentine B. dammar C. rosin D. amber E. All of these answers are correct.

E. All of these answers are correct.

22. The stems of which of the following are the plant's principal sites of photosynthesis? A. club mosses B. spike mosses C. whisk ferns D. horsetails E. More than one of these answers are correct.

E. More than one of these answers are correct.

1. Which characters shared by members of Kingdom Plantae and Phylum Chlorophyta indicate that they share an ancient common ancestor? A. chlorophyll a and b B. primary food reserve stored as starch C. cell walls primarily cellulose D. orange and yellow carotenoids as accessory pigments E. all of the above

E. all of the above

36. People have used ferns for which of the following purposes? A. to reduce indoor air pollution B. landscaping C. drugs to promote urination (diuretics) D. food E. all of the above

E. all of the above

4. All members of the plant kingdom have _______________. A. multicellular embryos B. egg cells surrounded by a jacket of sterile cells C. oogamous sexual reproduction D. life cycle that includes both gametophyte and sporophyte generations E. All of the above

E. all of the above

Light sensing(organelle)

Eyespot

39. Most species of liverworts produce a flattened body called a thallus. True False

FALSE

42. Mosses are found in several different phyla. True False

FALSE

43. Rhizoids take up water through their xylem. True False

FALSE

47. None of the mosses has any economic importance. True False

FALSE

50. Most mosses reproduce asexually by means of gemmae. True False

FALSE

51. The elaters of liverworts and hornworts function in producing spores. True False

FALSE

52. Capsules of mosses normally have xylem tissue. True False

FALSE

55. Meiosis takes place in the stem of mosses. True False

FALSE

56. Since the sperm of mosses are not flagellated, mosses can grow in dry habitats. True False

FALSE

45. Quillworts have no stems. True False

False

49. A petrifaction is a fossil in which the preserved organism is found in an unaltered state. True False

False

52. The leaves of horsetails are called ligules. True False

False

55. Ferns produce seeds but no spores. True False

False

56. Equisetum belongs to a group of plants called "pig tails". True False

False

58. Embryos are not produced by ferns, only spores. True False

False

Two, for motility(organelle)

Flagella

What type of alga, from the phylum Chromophyta, have motile cells with two flagella inserted at right angles to each other, and a photoreceptor on the shorter of the two flagella?

Golden-brown

What is the common name used to describe members of the phylum Chlorophyta?

Green algae

What is the common name used to describe members of the phylum Chlorphyta?

Green algae

Which group of organisms listed below are thought to be the ancestors of green plants?

Green algae

An attachment organ at the base of an algal body

Holdfast

Makes a characteristic water net

Hydrodictyon

Used in studies that show how the influence of the nucleus on the development of cytoplasmic substances

Mermaid's wineglass

The supporting stalk

Stipe

In diatoms, cells can divide by mitosis to create new cells. Eventually however, a cell will undergo meiosis. Why would a cell undergo meiosis?

The cell is too small.

What does it mean to be "motile"?

To be capable of spontaneous movement

40. A hornwort sporophyte grows from its base by means of a meristem. True False

True

42. Whisk ferns consist primarily of stems. True False

True

43. The leaves of both club mosses and quillworts are microphylls. True False

True

44. Leaves that bear sporangia are called sporophylls. True False

True

46. The annulus of a fern sporangium functions in spore dispersal. True False

True

47. Fern fronds are often subdivided into pinnae. True False

True

48. The prothalli of ferns normally produce rhizoids. True False

True

50. The image of a compression fossil is called an imprint. True False

True

51. Tmesipteris is a close relative of whisk ferns. True False

True

53. Ancient relatives of both club mosses and horsetails were large and treelike. True False

True

54. Club moss spores emit a flash of light when ignited. True False

True

57. Ferns are distinguished from their relatives by having megaphylls. True False

True

59. Enations are pre-leaves that are found in Psilotum. True False

True

60. The soft coal, cannel, consists primarily of carbonized spores of giant horsetails and club mosses. True False

True

Characteristics of dinoflagellate:

Two flagella, thecae remains, cellulose armor plates, trichocysts, and presence of an eyespot

A colonial algae that contains daughter colonies inside of a parent colony

Volvox

What is the common name used for the members of the phylum Dictyosteliomycota?

cellular slime molds

Which type of algae are biflagellated, unicellular, contain a single, two-lobed chloroplast, and have an extra vestigial nucleus?

crptomonads

The haptophytes have two flagella for propulsion and a third flagella, called a (blank) that functions in food capture.

haptonema

Which structures in the Polysiphonia life cycle look exactly alike?

female gametophyte, male gametophyte, and tetrasporophyte

Ulothrix, a green alga, is composed of cylindrical cells attached end to end called

filaments

Grape plants are susceptible to a water mold called downy (blank) of grapes. This pathogen can be controlled by spraying plants with a mixture of (blank) sulfate and lime.

mildew; copper

Characteristics of red algae:

most have a filamentous body form, they can live in shallow or deep waters, and they prefer to live in warmer waters

Features of golden-brown algae:

motile cells have two flagella of unequal length inserted at right angles to each other, most are freshwater plankton, and they have a photoreceptor

When conditions are right, a plasmodium will convert into sporangia and produce spores. The spores germinate and produce two types of cells: (blank), which have no flagella, or (blank) cells, which have flagella.

myxamoebae; swarm

many dinoflagellates produce toxins known as (blank) which accumulate in shellfish and can be deadly for humans consuming those shellfish.

neurotoxins

When conditions are right, a plasmodium is quickly converted into globe-shaped (blank) that contain thousands of one celled (blank)

sporangium; spores

The common name for members of the phylum Charophyta is the

stoneworts

Some dinoflagellates contain projectile firing cells called

trichocysts