EXAM #4 CHAPTERS 11-14

Which of the following individuals is engaging in reflective speech?

Alan, who agrees with Gus that he is facing obstacles at work since he is frustrated with his boss

In the context of abnormal behavior, which of the following is true of the significance of culture?

Culture establishes the norms by which people evaluate their own and others' behaviors

________ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

Depression

________ are recurrent thoughts, and ________ are recurrent behaviors.

Obsessions; compulsions

In the context of social behavior, which of the following best explains the bystander effect?

People tend to look to others for cues about how to behave

Which of the following is true of majority and minority influence in a group?

The minority in a group cannot win through normative pressure

In the stages of change model, the ________ stage is immediately followed by the maintenance stage.

action/willpower

In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, the ________ attributes psychological disorders to organic, internal causes.

biological approach

Allison is at a workshop where a presenter is trying to persuade people to make a rather risky but potentially profitable financial investment. The arguments for investing appeal to logic and reasoning. After slowly and carefully considering the presenter's arguments, Allison finds that this person's idea sounds compelling and decides to invest. This example best demonstrates the

central route to persuasion

The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as

deindividuation

You conclude that Carla is a naturally anxious woman. You ignore the fact that Carla is currently working on a tight-deadline project and is spending 100 hours per week at work. You are demonstrating the

fundamental attribution error

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to

help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems

Unlike implicit racism, explicit racism

is a person's conscious and openly shared attitude

Catatonia

is a state of immobility and unresponsiveness that lasts for long periods of time

According to research on aggressive behavior, which of the following personality factors is mostly associated with aggression?

low levels of conscientiousness

It has been over two years since the death of her husband, and Jenna still cannot cope with her loss. Since then, she feels hopeless, and has been constantly preoccupied with thoughts of death and cannot seem to find much pleasure in life. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Jenna is most likely suffering from

major depressive disorder

The factor that differentiates Jerry Burger's recreated Milgram's study from the original Milgram's experiment is that, in Burger's study

participants were never allowed to go higher than 150 volts

Simone gets a new job and relocates to the country of Bodonia. She realizes that almost all her colleagues belong to Bodonia and have been working in the company for years. At her workplace, she experiences an unjustified negative attitude toward herself. In this scenario, the attitude of Simone's colleagues best illustrates

prejudice

In the context of group decision making, which of the following is a symptom of groupthink?

pressure for unanimity

Kirby just got divorced. He is currently thinking about how disruptive and significant this life change will be for him. According to Lazarus, Kirby's behavior is an example of

primary appraisal

"Am I as popular as Cathy?" This question is an example of gaining self-knowledge through the process of

social comparison

Which of the following theories states that the way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership is a crucial part of their self-image and a valuable source of positive feelings about themselves?

social identity theory

In the context of the psychological influences on aggression, the frustration-aggression hypothesis states that

the blocking of an individual's attempts to reach a goal triggers aggression

Lily does not approve of abortion. She is shocked when she finds out that more than 50 percent of the people in her state hold pro-choice attitudes. This is an example of

the false consensus effect

According to ________, effective change requires individuals to have specific intentions about a behavioral change, a positive attitude about the new behavior, and to perceive that their social group looks positively on the new behavior.

the theory of reasoned action