exam 4 hlth

Aerobic literally means

"with oxygen."

Heat-related injury has the potential to be deadly. Recognizing the signs of the three heat stress illnesses is an important skill when exercising in hot or humid weather. Which of the following symptoms could indicate that a person might be suffering from heat exhaustion?

The person is nauseated, feels dizzy and faint, and is suffering from chills and goose bumps.

Which of the following statements concerning herpes is NOT true?

The virus is usually spread by touching objects such as toilet seats.

Which of the following is true of infection with the herpes simplex virus?

There is no cure for herpes at present.

Which of the following statements regarding parasitic worms is NOT true?

They cannot be contracted through close contact with pets at home.

Why are some bacteria and microorganisms referred to as "superbugs"?

They have become resistant to the drugs used at one time to treat them.

Which of the following is FALSE about vaccinations:

Those living in dorms don't need the influenza vaccine

Sexually active females should have a regular Pap smear.

True

While it behooves everyone to make healthy choices that can lower the risk for CVD, not all risk factors are within an individual's control. Which of the following THREE are nonmodifiable risk factors for developing CVD?

age gender race and ethnicity

Rudy's friends noticed that he had changed. He was much more aggressive, his mood seemed to swing wildly, and he had severe acne. Which performance-enhancing substance is Rudy most likely to be abusing?

anabolic steroids

Consider the following statements and place them in the bin that best describes how risky the behavior is.

anal sex with lubricant when one partner is HIV positive- High risk behavior for all STIs vaginal sex with a condom when one partner has the bacterial infection chlamydia - Moderate risk behavior for all STIs mutual masturbation when there are no injuries to the hands or genitals of either partner- Low risk behavior for all STIs vaginal sex using withdrawal as birth control -High risk behavior for all STIs

The upper chambers of the heart are called the

atria

Type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and celiac disease are all thought to be types of

autoimmune disease

Cancer risk factors are both hereditary and environmental. These factors' interactions can increase chances for cancer incidence and cancer progression, as well as influence vulnerability to cancer throughout life. Determine whether each factor increases, decreases, or has no effect on the risk for cancer.

being exposed to secondhand smoke Increases risk for cancer following MyPlate recommendations Decreases risk for cancer receiving hepatitis B vaccine Decreases risk for cancer enjoying two or three alcoholic drinks per day Increases risk for cancer living a sedentary lifestyle Increases risk for cancer having a close relative with cancer Increases risk for cancer having a high BMI Increases risk for cancer sleeping 7 to 8 hours per night Decreases risk for cancer

Viruses are the smallest known pathogens, consisting of a protein structure containing either RNA or DNA. A virus injects its RNA or DNA into a cell, takes it over, and replicates itself, thereby spreading to other cells. Which situation would be the least likely for hepatitis A (HAV) transmission?

being seated next to someone on the bus with hepatitis A

A tumor that is noncancerous and generally harmless is called __________.

benign

Chris is pregnant and has gonorrhea. She has not been treated because she doesn't know she has it. Chris could pass the disease to her child during childbirth, leading to which of the following conditions?

blindness

Diabetes can result in weight loss because

body cells can't use glucose so it is excreted.

Jim and Joe were hiking to the summit of Mt. Whitney when they ran out of water. There's a small lake at an elevation of about 12,000 feet, but they'll need to filter the water to eliminate a waterborne protozoan that causes which of the following diseases?

giardiasis

Poorly controlled diabetes can result in all of the following EXCEPT __________.

increased energy

The benefits of exercise include all of the following except __________.

increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS)?

insulin resistance

Even though diabetes mellitus is actually a cluster of diseases that have some shared attributes, each disease has its own unique characteristics. Drag the appropriate symptoms and descriptors to their respective bins.

is an autoimmune disease Type 1 Diabetes develops due to hormonal changes Gestational Diabetes is most prevalent form of diabetes Type 2 Diabetes also known as "noninsulin-dependent diabetes" Type 2 Diabetes is also called "insulin-dependent diabetes" Type 1 Diabetes

Congestive heart failure is a condition in which the heart

is damaged and can't pump enough blood to supply body tissues.

When training all major muscle groups in a single strength-training workout, a person should complete

large-muscle group exercises before small-muscle group exercises.

Sarah contracted syphilis in her early 20s, but it went untreated until she developed lesions called gummas. What stage of syphilis is this?

latent syphilis

The four main categories of cancers are carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias. These categories are based on the type of tissue in which the cancer is found. If a Gwyneth has cancer in her bone marrow and experiences an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells, then into which of the four categories does her cancer fall?

leukemia

Type 2 diabetes is believed to result from a combination of environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors. As a result, some of the risk factors are modifiable, whereas others are not. Which of the following THREE are modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

living a sedentary lifestyle being 50 pounds overweight getting only 5 hours of sleep each night

A good post-workout food choice for refueling and recovery would be:

low-fat milk with a banana

Each of the following are a type of pathogen EXCEPT __________.

lymphocytes

Hodgkin's disease is classified as a

lymphoma

Match the host with the correct infectious disease.

mad cow disease- beef cattle Lyme disease- black legged tick malaria- mosquitoes avian influenza- ducks

Zach eats a diet high in saturated fat. His diet will not only raise his cholesterol levels, but also

make his blood more viscous.

Which of the following is a test or procedure used to detect breast cancer?

mammogram

In the SMART system for setting fitness goals, the M in SMART stands for

measurable.

What infection is known as the "kissing" disease?

mononucleosis

Which of the following viral infections is characterized by a swelling of the salivary glands?

mumps

Another name for a heart attack is

myocardial infarction.

Experts predict that ________ Americans will have diabetes by 2050.

1 in 3

The ethnic group in the United States with the highest overall rates of CVD and hypertension is

African Americans.

When Terry and Kim have vaginal and/or oral sex, they use latex condoms and dental dams. On the continuum of risk for STIs, where do they fall?

Moderate-risk behavior

The FITT (frequency, intensity, time, and type) formula provides guidelines and factors to consider when creating a personal exercise program. Drag the exercise descriptor to the appropriate FITT formula bin.

Monday, Wednesday, Friday Frequency 40-59% of heart rate maximum Intensity 20-40 min Time yoga Type 3-5 days per week Frequency to point of mild exertion Intensity 10-12 repetitions Time muscular strength training Type

_ is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to exert force repeatedly without fatigue or the ability to sustain a muscular contraction.

Muscular endurance

Which of the following statements regarding osteoporosis is NOT true?

Non-weight-bearing activity, such as swimming, is recommended to maintain bone health.

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding overuse injuries?

Overuse injuries occur in professional and competitive athletes but are rarely seen in people who exercise for fitness and weight control.

Which of the following is a test or procedure used to detect prostate cancer?

PSA test

Symptoms of diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT __________?

resistance to infection

Paola is designing a fitness program to reduce stress and to get fit. Which of the following is most likely to improve her chances of achieving her goals?

Paola should take a mindful walk around campus.

Which of the following is the largest of the pathogens?

Parasitic worms

Which of the following styles of exercise includes a component specifically designed to increase strength?

Pilates

Which of the following statements is NOT true in regards to ovarian cancer?

Primary relatives of a woman who has had ovarian cancer do not have an increased risk.

Which of the following statements regarding cigarette smoking is NOT true?

Quitting by age 30 only reduces your chances of dying prematurely from tobacco-related diseases by 10 percent.

An acronym for the standard first-aid treatment for fitness-related injuries is

RICE

Which of the following statements concerning cardiovascular disease is NOT true?

Rates of death from CVD have increased in the US

Which of the following statements concerning cardiovascular activity is NOT true?

Regular exercise makes the cardiovascular and respiratory systems less efficient.

What stage of syphilis would a person most likely be in if he or she has white patches in the mouth, sores around the genitals, and a slight fever or headache?

secondary syphilis

Which of the following is NOT a suggested post- exercise hydration drink?

soda

Which of the following is a common bacterial infection?

staphylococcal infection

If you are beginning an exercise program after you have been physically inactive for some time, you should __________.

start slowly and progress gradually to more vigorous activity

Choose the statement below that correctly describes the link between exercise and weight management.

Since overweight and obesity are risk factors for numerous chronic diseases, researchers and practitioners recommend physical activity for the purpose of losing weight as well as for improving chances of maintaining weight loss.

Choose the statement below that correctly describes the link between hereditary factors and cancer risks.

Some types of cancers seem to run in families due to intricate interactions of genetic, lifestyle, and environment factors.

All of the following terms are part of the SMART system of goal setting EXCEPT __________.

Sporadic

All of the following terms are part of the FITT principle EXCEPT __________.

Testing

Which of the following statements is not accurate about core strength?

The core muscles consist of only the abdominal muscles.

Mitt has not been feeling well. He has suddenly begun to lose weight and is constantly tired. Often, he feels hungry and thirsty, and at times his vision is blurred. What disorder does Mitt most likely have?

type 1 diabetes

Donna was diagnosed with cancer. Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by

uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

A person's individual circumstances, goals, and desires will help determine what sort of fitness plan will be the best fit. A friend claims she has no time for physical activity. What are some suggestions that might help her overcome this obstacle? Select all that apply.

using a calendar to schedule in 10- to 30-minute activity breaks during the day completing assigned reading while on an exercise bike

All of the following are ways to prevent antibiotic resistance EXCEPT

using antibacterial soap

Which of the following is the most likely source of HIV infection?

vaginal or anal sex

Flu vaccines correctly formulated for a current strain of influenza are usually effective for about ..... months.

12

According to the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, to obtain adequate physical activity for health, Americans should perform __________.

150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week, 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity per week, or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities

What minimal amount of physical activity each day has been shown to provide health benefits?

30

Muscular strength is improved when resistance loads are at least ________ of your one repetition maximum (1 RM).

60

Muscular strength is improved when resistance loads are at least ..... of your one repetition maximum (1 RM).

60 percent

Death from hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature drops to

75.0-80.0°F

Our immune system can recognize and destroy many foreign substances that can cause disease, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, toxins, or cells from other organisms. Which of the following examples describes naturally acquired active immunity?

A child is exposed to chicken pox and does not contract the illness because she had chickenpox a few years earlier.

Which of the following situations would NOT result in the transmission of HIV?

A student shares a dorm room with another student who has HIV and a cold at the same time.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that physical activity can prevent chronic diseases, improve quality of life, and increase lifespan. Physical activity does not have to be vigorous or prolonged in order to be effective. Choose the correct statement about physical activity and the brain from those listed below.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, and risk for it can be reduced by lifestyle modifications that include regular exercise.

Your friend is starting a fitness plan and is worried about staying dedicated. Whichtwo tips below might help him/her to succeed?

Choose an activity that is appealing and fun. Block out calendar time for a workout.

What is the emerging disease with signs and symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, fever, pain, and headache, and internal and external bleeding?

Ebola

Jeanne wants to exercise more, but she lacks motivation. Which of the following might help her overcome her lack of motivation?

Enlist the help of an exercise partner to make her accountable for working out.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding the benefits of physical activity? Select all that apply.

Exercise can decrease risk of some cancers. ! Exercise can help improve ability to study. ! Exercise can help lower LDL levels in the blood. Exercise can lower risk of type 2 diabetes.

All individuals could benefit from regular exercise, and it is recommended that everyone consult a physician before beginning an exercise program. Some populations, like older people and people with health conditions, have special considerations related to physical activity. Drag the appropriate limitations, challenges, or benefits to their respective bins.

Exercise strengthens respiratory muscles Asthma Exercise improves insulin transport into cells Type 2 Diabetes The inhaler should be kept nearby Asthma Vigorous exercise is not recommended Coronary Heart Disease Exercise assists in controlling blood glucose Type 2 Diabetes

Oral sex is safe sex.

False

People who get an STI always have a lot of sex partners.

False

You can always tell when you've got an STI because the symptoms are so obvious.

False

Select the TWO statements about HIV that are FALSE.

HIV is highly contagious and can be caught by shaking hands with an HIV-positive individual. Like with the flu, HIV can be caught by being in the same room with an HIV-positive individual who has sneezed.

__________ is a mild form of shock in which blood pools in the arms and legs away from the brain and major organs; it is caused by excessive water loss due to intense or prolonged exercise or work in a hot and humid environment.

Heat exhaustion

Which of the following statements regarding HPV is NOT true?

High risk types of HPV are not responsible for high rates of cervical cancer.

Which is the best example of a SMART goal for someone who has only exercised moderately to date?

I will increase my three-times-a week, 30-minute running sessions by 3 minutes each week for the next four weeks and then reevaluate.

Of the over 100 different types of HPV, more than 40 types are sexually transmitted. Which is not a problem caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV)?

If left untreated, HPV can lead to blindness.

From the list below choose the correct statement about malaria.

Insect repellents and the elimination of standing water are effective steps in the prevention of the spread of malaria.

Choose the statement below that best describes insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance means that the body cells lose their sensitivity to insulin and don't use it as effectively, and, therefore, do not take up glucose the way they should.

Sandra takes nitroglycerin tablets prescribed to treat her angina. What does this drug do to relieve the pain?

It dilates the veins

Which statement about the FITT requirements for flexibility is correct?

It is best to stretch muscles after a warmup.

For each risk factor, detection method, or treatment option, decide which disease or diseases are the best fit. Drag the appropriate symptoms and descriptors to their respective bins.

It is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Lung Cancer One in eight women will be diagnosed with this cancer. Breast Cancer The Pap test is a very effective screening method. Cervical Cancer Receiving a vaccine against HPV can reduce cancer risk. Cervical Cancer

Which of the following statements regarding metabolic syndrome is FALSE?

Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for type I diabetes.

Sexually transmitted infections can affect people of all backgrounds and socioeconomic levels. Leaving an infection untreated can result in serious health issues. Which of the following TWO are strategies that can reduce the risk of STIs?

Use condoms and/or dental dams consistently and correctly Go with your partner to get tested before having sex.

Which of the following is your best bet for avoiding the common cold?

Wash your hands (with soap) often.

James was diagnosed with atherosclerosis, which is

a buildup of plaque on the inner lining of an artery.

Atherosclerosis can cause of all of the following EXCEPT __________.

a decrease in blood pressure

If a previously sedentary individual would like to begin a physical activity program, but lives in a studio apartment and has a small budget, the best exercise equipment or gadgets might be: Select all that apply.

a pedometer a resistance band

Jillian likes to go for bike rides that last two or more hours and during which she sweats profusely. Which of the following would you recommend she consume to replace the fluids she is losing?

a sports drink containing electrolytes

Which of the following is not a symptom of a pubic lice infestation?

a white, cheesy discharge from the penis or vagina

An example of a fungal infection is __________.

candidiasis

Donna has been diagnosed with a yeast infection. Which of the following is another name for the same disease?

candidiasis

The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to efficiently supply the body with oxygen is called __________.

cardiorespiratory fitness

The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen to skeletal muscles efficiently is called

cardiorespiratory fitness.

What is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States each year?

cardiovascular disease

A Pap test is effective for early detection of ..... cancer.

cervical

A Pap test is effective for early detection of ________ cancer.

cervical

The most commonly reported STI in the United States is __________.

chlamydia

Regular physical activity is thought to boost

cognitive function

Heather is a marathon runner. For about eight hours after training intensely she is at increased risk of

colds and flu.

Complications of poorly controlled diabetes include all of the following except

colon cancer

Risk factors that contribute to developing colorectal cancer include age (being over 50), body weight (being obese), family history (of either colorectal cancer or polyps), inflammatory bowel issues (e.g., colitis), and having diabetes. Other risk factors are a diet high in fat or low in fiber, smoking, the consumption of large amounts of alcohol and red or processed meats, and a sedentary lifestyle. Which of the following THREE are changes a person can make to reduce his or her risk for colorectal cancer?

consume fruits and vegetables on a daily basis maintain a healthy weight exercise regularly

Which of the following is NOT a common method of STI transmission?

coughing or sneezing

The major four CVD described in this activity are: hypertension, atherosclerosis, CHD, and stroke. For each symptom described below, decide which disease is the best fit. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke are only four examples of a long list of cardiovascular diseases that also includes peripheral artery disease, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, heart failure and congenital and rheumatic heart disease.

diagnosed when systolic pressure exceeds 140 - Hypertension plaque buildup in inner lining of arterial wall - Atherosclerosis the greatest cardiovascular disease killer- Coronary Heart Disease !interrupted blood supply to the brain - Stroke

All EXCEPT which of the following help to reduce the risk of infectious disease?

eating a low-carbohydrate diet

Which of the following is NOT an exercise recommendation for an individual with type I diabetes?

eating simple carbohydrates after exercise

Which of the following is NOT associated with the risk for developing cancer?

education level

What is the test that measures the electrical activity of the heart called?

electrocardiogram

Which of the following is NOT a good way to help reduce the risk for diabetes?

eliminating most carbohydrates from the diet

Which of the following is not one of the sports skills associated with physical fitness for performance?

endurance

Common symptoms of a heart attack include all of the following except

extreme hunger.

Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

family history

Celeste uses barbells for muscular strength. Celeste is using.... for strength and endurance training.

fixed resistance

The range of motion possible at a joint or series of joints is called

flexibility

The range of motion, or amount of movement possible, at a joint or series of joints is __________.

flexibility

The heart's.... chambers work together to circulate blood throughout the body.

four

Consider how the following behaviors, characteristics, or facts affect the risk for type 2 diabetes. Determine whether each increases or decreases the risk for type 2 diabetes. Drag the appropriate behaviors, characteristics, or facts to their respective bins.

having a close relative with type 2 diabetes Increased risk for Type 2 Diabetes maintaining a healthy weight Decreased risk for Type 2 Diabetes living a sedentary lifestyle Increased risk for Type 2 Diabetes following MyPlate recommendations Decreased risk for Type 2 Diabetes sleeping 7 to 8 hours per night Decreased risk for Type 2 Diabetes being diagnosed with prediabetes Increased risk for Type 2 Diabetes

The most common type of cancer diagnosed in the United States today is skin cancer. Which of the following THREE are risk factors for developing skin cancer?

having a grandfather and an aunt who had skin cancer having bad sunburns during regular childhood vacations to the beach Having naturally red hair

Breast cancer, which is cancer that forms in the breast tissue and the connective and lymphatic tissue of the breast, is the second leading cause of death by cancer for women. Which of the following THREE are risk factors for developing breast cancer?

having a grandmother and mother who had breast cancer consuming an average of three alcoholic drinks per day having menstrual periods that began early and ended late in age

All of the following are associated with an increased risk for skin cancer except

having darker skin

Consider how the following behaviors, characteristics, or facts affect the risk for CVD. Determine whether each increases, decreases, or has no effect on the risk for CVD.

having elevated LDL cholesterol Increased risk for CVD living a sedentary lifestyle Increased risk for CVD consuming monounsaturated fats Decreased risk for CVD being exposed to secondhand smoke Increased risk for CVD sleeping 7 to 8 hours per night Decreased risk for CVD eating a diet low in saturated fat, and sodium and high in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables Decreased risk for CVD

Both the common cold and influenza are viruses. Usually not life-threatening to healthy adults, influenza can be serious to the very young, people over 65, or those with underlying health conditions. Your roommate has been feeling ill. Which of the following symptom(s) would most likely indicate he has influenza, and not a common cold?

headache, fever of 102 for more than two days, and severe muscle aches

Which of the following risk factors for disease can you typically control?

health

Deirdre needs to closely monitor the intensity of her workouts. Which of the following fitness gadgets will most likely give her the data she seeks?

heart rate monitor

Which of the following is a common viral infection?

hepatitis

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by

high blood glucose

"Good" cholesterol is also known as __________.

high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

When considering the FITT Principle, exercise intensity refers to

how hard the workout must be to attain the desired level of fitness.

Genital warts are caused by a group of viruses known as HPV. What does HPV stand for?

human papillomavirus

The condition in which a person has high blood sugar levels is known as __________.

hyperglycemia

Sustained high blood pressure is known as __________.

hypertension

A potentially fatal dilution of sodium concentration in the blood as a result of an overconsumption of water is called

hyponatremia.

Which of the following changes could an individual expect by participating in regular aerobic exercise?

increase in HDLs

Common heart attack signs and symptoms include all of the following EXCEPT __________.

increased appetite

Muscular endurance is best developed by increasing the

number of repetitions you lift a given amount of weight.

Suspected cancer-causing genes are known as __________.

oncogenes

Intensity of cardiorespiratory fitness can be assessed by all of the following EXCEPT:

one repetition maximum (1 RM)

Which cancer of the reproductive system?cervical, ovarian, or endometrial (uterine)?causes the most deaths?

ovarian

Increasing your level of strength by regularly creating a degree of tension in your muscles greater than they are accustomed to is called

overload

When atherosclerosis occurs in the lower extremities, it is known as __________.

peripheral artery disease

When atherosclerosis occurs in a limb, it is called

peripheral artery disease.

Which of the following is a risk factor for infection that you can control?

personal hygiene

A condition in which blood glucose levels are high but not high enough to be classified as diabetes is known as __________.

prediabetes

Rob has a prominent chancre on his penis. Which stage of syphilis is this?

primary syphilis

A ________ is a self-replicating, protein-based agent that is believed to cause variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.

prion

Trichomoniasis is caused by a

protozoan

The goal of managing cholesterol levels to reduce cardiovascular risks may be achieved by

raising HDL and lowering LDL

Most pathogens fall into five categories: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, and parasitic worms. There are also prions, which are misfolded proteins that can replicate on their own by causing other proteins to misfold. Sort the following diseases/organisms into the correct bin, thereby indicating the type of pathogen involved.

strep throat- bacteria HIV- virus vaginal yeast infection- fungi gonorrhea- bacteria flu- virus tapeworm- parasite worm

When the blood supply to the brain is interrupted and causes brain damage, this is a(n) __________.

stroke

What disease is known as the "great imitator"?

syphilis

Brendon has type 1 diabetes. This means that he must

take insulin.

The ________ test is the easiest way to measure cardiorespiratory exercise intensity.

talk

Which of the following traits is NOT a risk factor for skin cancer?

tans easily without burning

Systolic blood pressure refers to pressure applied to the walls of the arteries when

the heart contracts.

Aerobic capacity is defined as __________.

the volume of oxygen the muscles consume during exercise

Ana is traveling overseas. Why is it advisable that she routinely move and stretch her legs during her 10-hour flight?

to prevent a blood clot in her legs and a potential heart attack

Leon has started flexibility training 3 or 4 times per week. Without knowing anything more about Leon or the exact stretches he is doing, which of the following is probably not one of the reasons he's doing this training?

to promote muscle strength and endurance

Many strokes are preceded days, weeks, or months earlier by

transient ischemic attacks.

Walt broke his leg during a football game. What type of injury is this?

traumatic

The fitness of one's cardiorespiratory system is assessed by measuring the

volume of oxygen the muscles consume during exercise.

Which of the following is a defense provided by your saliva against pathogens?

washes microbes from teeth and mucous membranes of the mouth

The typical incubation period for genital HPV is 6 to 8 .... after contact.

weeks

The typical incubation period for genital HPV is 6 to 8 ________ after contact.

weeks

If your blood pressure is reported to be 115/85 mm Hg, then what does the 115 represent?

your systolic pressure